Chemical Equilibrium
DATE PERFORMED: DECEMBER 14, 2010 CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Data and Results Table I. The copper-ammonia system # of drops added Color Initial ----- Light Blue Addition of NH3 8 Deep Blue Addition of HCl 9 Very Light Blue Reaction for the copper-ammonia system: Cu2+ + 4NH3 - [Cu(NH3)4]2+ (Pale blue) (Deep blue) According to the Le Châtelier's principle, the addition of excess NH3 to Cu2+ will lead to the formation of a deep blue complex, [Cu(NH3)4]2+ thus giving the solution a deep blue color. The addition of HCl (Cl-) will lead to formation of CuCl2 (consumption of Cu2+) instead of [Cu(NH3)4]2+ because CuCl2 is more stable than [Cu(NH3)4]2+, which will result in a deficiency of Cu2+ and according to the Le Châtelier's principle, the reverse reaction will be favored (formation of more Cu2+) thus giving the solution a light blue color. The data in Table I obtained in the experiment are consistent with the Le Châtelier's principle. Table II. The chromate-dichromate system Well # Reagent Visible Result Net Ionic Equation 1 H2SO4 Yellow-Orange 2CrO42- + 2H+ - C Cr2O72- + H2O 2 NaOH No color
Test three vinegars against the manufacturers’ to see who is diluting or ‘cheating’ on the vinegar.
Results All results are measured in millilitres, ml. Results of the method using pipettes, amount of alkali used to make solution neutral. Vinegar Replicate 1 (ml) Replicate 2 (ml) Replicate 3 (ml) Average (ml) Manufacturers' 9 6 7 7.3 Chip shop A 3 3 4 3.3 Chip shop B 8 9 8 8.3 Chip shop C 8 7 6 7 Results of the method using titration, amount of alkali used to make solution neutral. Vinegar Replicate 1 (ml) Replicate 2 (ml) Replicate 3 (ml) Average (ml) Manufacturers' 1.6 2.2 1.8 1.9 Chip shop A 6.1 5.7 6.3 6.0 Chip shop B 5.5 4.9 5.3 5.2 Chip shop C 0.5 1.3 9.8 0.5 Analysis The results differ greatly. The results from using the pipette method are all less than the results from using the burette method, except the ones from the manufacturers' vinegar. I am going to plot the results onto a graph but I think that this experiment hasn't succeeded its objective, as the results are so different. Conclusion None of the shops contained the same amount of vinegar as the manufacturers'. All three shops had less vinegar in their samples, when tested by the pipette method. They had all been watered down. Adding water weakened the concentration of vinegar so that the samples contained less vinegar than expected, and therefore took less alkali, or sodium hydroxide to be neutralised. However, in the burette method, Chip shop B
Greenhouse Gas Lab
Investigating the Specific Heat Capacity of Greenhouse Gases: Methane and Carbon Dioxide Purpose: The purpose of this lab was to investigate the SHC of two specific green house gases which are methane and carbon dioxide. A plastic container was used to represent a closed system. Inside, it was filled with the greenhouse gas and a light bulb which was placed inside as the heat energy emitted would represent the effects of global warming. Data Calculations and Processing: In order to calculate the total energy of the system, we calculated the power in watts of the bulb used which will then be used to calculate the total energy in the system. This was done using the values of current and volts of the bulb. Voltage of Bulb: 2.5v Current: 0.3A We can use the equation W=IxV to calculate the power of the bulb. 2.5x0.3=0.75W or 0.75Js-1 The bulb was turned on for 16 minutes or 16x60=960s Therefore total energy of the system--> 0.75x960=720 J of energy However, not all this energy is heat energy, since some of it can be emitted as light. Roughly 35% is emitted as light leaving 65% as heat energy.1 Therefore, the bulb emits 0.65x720=468 J or 0.468 kJ of heat energy. By filling the container to the brim with water, we used a measuring cylinder to measure the volume of the water which was to be: 992mL The theoretical specific heat capacity2 of methane was found to be
Brown and Kulik and Flashbulb Memories
Brown and Kulik and Flashbulb Memories Background Brown and Kulik (1977) found that people could remember important public events such as J.F Kennedy's death emotionally and detailed. Most people could remember where they were, what they were doing, how they felt and happened after. Brown and Kulik also found that flashbulb memories were more likely in unexpected cases for example J.F. Kennedy's death and when people can relate to the flashbulb memory e.g. when Martin Luther King died only 33% of white participants could remember. Aim To follow Brown and Kulik's investigation we decided to investigate if people could recall flashbulb memories. The hypothesis of this experiment is "People can report strong and emotional memories for major events such as Princess Diana's death." This hypothesis is one-tailed because it predicts that the results go in one direction. It is also directional because it states the direction of a difference. The null hypothesis is "People can't report strong and emotional memories for major public events such as Princess Diana's death. This states that any difference in the dependant variable is not due to the independent variable. The independent variable in this experiment-"People's flashbulb memories" here we are manipulating the variable. The dependant variable is the outcome of that manipulation in this case is the
The Second Time Around? Repeat Entrepreneurs from MIT
The Second Time Around? Repeat Entrepreneurs from MIT By: Charles E. Eesley and Edward B. Roberts? October 25, 2006 Abstract In this paper we explore the factors that condition the likelihood that an entrepreneur starts a second firm. We use data from survey responses of 1,789 entrepreneurs to examine firm founding behavior. Results indicate that multiple entrepreneurs differ from single-firm entrepreneurs in certain demographic and educational characteristics prior to starting a first firm. The phenomenon of graduates embarking on careers of multiple entrepreneurship appears to be growing over time. The results also show that the first firms of eventual multiple entrepreneurs differ from the first firms of single-firm only entrepreneurs. The paper indicates that those entrepreneurs with the highest probability of starting a second firm have greater time and access to financial resources to undertake a new venture. Starting a first firm sooner after graduation, being divorced, the first firm being acquired, and raising initial capital for the first firm from angel investors all increase the probability that the entrepreneur will start a second firm. I. Introduction A growing literature in strategy and economics has noted that an important source of new entrants is incumbent firms in the same industry (Klepper 2001; Gompers, Lerner, and Scharfstein, 2005). However,
customer service with in Sainsbury
Introduction to the assignment In this assignment I have to write a report that clearly shows that I have investigated the customer service practices of an organisation and commented on how the organisation could improve its customer service. The organisation that I have decided to do my assignment on is Sainsbury (J-Sainsbury Plc). Introduction to the company J Sainsbury plc is a leading UK and US food retailer with interests in financial services and property. The group comprises Sainsbury's Supermarkets and Sainsbury's Bank in the UK and Shaw's Supermarkets in the US. Group turnover in 2003 was £18.2 billion; underlying earning per share was 21.5 pence. Sainsbury's Supermarkets was established in 1869 by John James and Mary Ann Sainsbury and is Britain's longest-standing major food retailing chain. The founders' principles and values guide them strongly today as they did at the outset - to be the customer's first choice for food shopping by providing high-quality products, value for money, excellent service and attention to detail. Sainsbury's Supermarkets employs over 173,000 people a year (including Savacentre). Of these, 60% are part-time and 40% full-time. 62% of employees are women. A large Sainsbury's Supermarket offers over 23,000 products - 40% of these are Sainsbury's own brand. In addition to a wide range of quality food and grocery products, many stores
Report for Ed Transformers
Report for Ed Transformers Assignment 1 4/6/2009 Name: Mr. Bruce Matthew Crossan ID: 21807639 Campus: Monash South Africa Lecturer: Ms. Yumi Isawa Compiled for: Ms. Kirsten Smith at UniMon Ltd. IT and IS in Organizations Table of Contents Assignment 1: IT and IS in Organizations A. Preliminary Material. (Page 3-4) . Synopsis. (Page 3) 2. Recommendations. (Page 4) B. The Report Details. (Page 5-18) . Introduction. (Page 5) 2. Discussion. (Page 6-17) 2.1. Organizational Purpose, Function and Structure. (Page 6-11) 2.2. Business Processes and Informational Systems. (Page 12-15) 2.3. Informational Technology. (Page 16-17 3. Conclusion. (Page 18) C. Bibliography. (Page 19) . List of References. (Page 19) . Executive Synopsis. This is a business report designed to describe Ed Transformers purpose, function and divisional structure. It will then illustrate the business process and information systems like the Student Application system and Fund Allocation system. The report will finally end at the IT in the form of the company website and suggest improvements on it, and recommendations will finally be made to help improve the organizational efficiency and effectiveness. 2.
Investigate how the height to width ratio of Limpets varies with distance from sea
Investigate how the height to width ratio of Limpets varies with distance from sea. The term Limpet is a common name used for many different types of saltwater or freshwater snails that have a simple shell which is conical in shape, and coiled in appearance(1). The majority of this species are commonly found attached strongly to rocks or other hard surfaces such as pebbles and sand on exposed rocky shores. They attach themselves to rocks using pedal mucus and a muscular foot.They move using wave-like muscular contractions of the foot when it is suitable for them to feed, usually at high tide. A adaptation of the Limpet to its particular surroundings, enable them to stick to the rock surface when necessary so that they remain safely attached, essential due to the exposure to strong prevailing winds and destructive wave action. The ability to remain secured to the rock also seals the shell edge against the rock surface, which prevents water loss when the tide is out. This action stimulates chemicals to be released, which increases the rate of vertical growth of their shell(4). Other adaptations which have increased the survival rate of Limpets include their structually strong shell which provides protection from destructive waves and predators. The shell is of similar colour to the surroundings and with a cover of green algae, the Limpet is provided with camoflauge. Most
To determine the standard enthalpy of formation of Magnesium Oxide using Hess Law.
Candidate Name: Candidate Number: Page | International Baccalaureate Diploma Program (IBDP) Session: May 2015 Chemistry HL Lab Report Lab Report Title: To determine the standard enthalpy of formation of Magnesium Oxide using Hess’ Law. Criteria Assessed: * Data Collection and Processing (DCP) * Conclusion and Evaluation (CE) Candidate Name: Candidate Number: International School, Singapore AIM: To determine the standard enthalpy of formation of Magnesium Oxide using Hess’s law. INTRODUCTION: The objective of this experiment was to determine the change in enthalpy when one mole of Magnesium (Mg) reacts with half a mole of Oxygen (O2) to give one mole of Magnesium Oxide (MgO). The balanced chemical equation is as follows: Mg (s) + O2 (g) → MgO (s) ---- ΔHMgO f The reaction between Magnesium and Oxygen to form Magnesium Oxide is essentially the combustion of Magnesium and since every combustion reaction is an exothermic reaction, this reaction too is an exothermic reaction, i.e. it too will produce heat to the surroundings. In fact, the combustion of Magnesium is highly exothermic as it produces flames whose temperatures reach almost 2500oC (http://physics.stackexchange.com). At such high temperatures, a very bright white light is produced and if directly looked upon for long
Skilled caring is when we are interested in people individual difference stereotyping lumps people together as if they are all the same and stops us from being good careers.
CONTENTS PAGE TASK 1 .....................................................................................pg 3 TASK 2......................................................................................pg 9 TASK 3 TASK 4 Unit 6 Task 1a &1b The care value base The care value base was devised by the care sector consortium in 1992 in order to provide a common set of principle and values for workers and professional in health and social care. The care value base consists of: Confidentiality Confidentiality means keeping the information that you have on others stored in a private place which should only be release to people on a "need to know basis" for example if you a being referred to a psychiatrist by your doctor they would need access to some of your medical history .Client in a care setting must know that they can trust their career because this can damaged their self esteem if this confidential information have been shared. There are also legal requirements for information to be kept confidential. Rights and responsibility Everybody has their own rights. They have the rights to their own belief and lifestyle). No human being has the right to damage other people quality of life (this is exempt for people in care home because they are not totally free to do what they want e.g. they have to eat at a certain time) in care setting career must respect the
