Human Development Index Evaluation
25 September HDI Assignment Development is the process by which a country improves its standards of living over time, and what a country does to enhance the lives of its population. Several Indicators are used to measure Development across Economic, Environmental and Social indicators. Economic Indicators include GDP per Capita, and as the Economy grows, so do jobs and development. Social Indicators include access to clean water. Indicators also rise with each other, as shown in Figure A below, where the UK’s Life Expectancy Grows at the same time as its GDP per Capita grows. Also, different countries in the same region develop at a relatively similar rate, such as the example in Figure B, where France and Britain’s life expectancy and GDP per Capita rise at a similar steady rate. All in all, Development is the ability of a country’s people to live happy, long, healthy lives; it is not just a country’s income. In the study of Development, Geographers also study patterns in Countries’ Development. The major pattern found is the North-South Divide. Although there are anomalies such as Australia, countries in the north are generally more developed than countries in the south. The HDI (Human Development Index) was a new way of measuring Development. Created in 1990, it was invented for the sole purpose of putting people’s lives at the centre of the study of
How has the flora and fauna of the rainforest adapted to their environment?
How has the flora and fauna of the rainforest adapted to their environment? More species of flora and fauna live in rainforests than in any other habitat on earth. Scientists believe that this is because the rainforests are the oldest ecosystems on the planet, with some forests in Asia dating to around 100 million years ago. Also, due to the location of the rainforests, the ice ages did not reach or affect them, but made many other species in other areas extinct. But this large variety of flora and fauna also means there is much competition for survival, and how have the flora and fauna adapted to their environment? Fauna is the term referring to animal life living in a region. In rainforests, there are thought to be about half of the world’s animal species. Over 500 mammals, 175 lizards and over 300 other reptile species, and one third of the world's birds live in Amazonia. It is estimated that about 30 million insect types can be found here. These animals have adapted in many ways to survive in and make good use of its habitat. Flora refers to the plant life living in a region. In rainforests, the variation of the flora is extremely extensive, with about half of the earth’s plant species again living within them. In fact, the rainforest is sometimes called the ‘Lungs of the Earth’ because it is estimated that its plants recycle about 20% of Carbon Dioxide into
Human Geography Notes - examples of policies designed to manage population change.
Population policies are used by countries to try and achieve optimum population and there are four types: ANTI-NATAL= discourages births because you are worried about over population and its effects E.g. China and Singapore PRO-NATAL= encourages births because you fell that you do not have enough people in your country E.g. France TRANSMIGRATION= if you have parts of your country that are overcrowded and other parts that are virtually empty you might try and even things out a bit E.g. Indonesia IMMIGRATION= you do not want to have open borders even if you are under populated because you could end up with lots of people who will drain your resources rather than help your country - all countries have immigration controls of some kind E.g. Australia (very strict!) CHINA ANTI-NATAL when was the policy introduced? The 'One Child Policy' was introduced in 1979 and although it was designed as a temporary measure it still continues today. Why? Mao, the ruler between 1950 and 1959 said that "the more people, the stronger we are" and " a large population gives a strong nation". This resulted in China becoming overpopulated and its resources seriously stretched. This led to a famine in 1959 where 20 million people died. Despite this famine, China's population continued to grow by 55 million a year. In 1978, Deng Xiaoping became ruler and he had a very different view on
I would like to tell you my views on the inward migration of workers to the UK and whether it has a positive or negative effect on our country
Dear Editor, I would like to tell you my views on the inward migration of workers to the UK and whether it has a positive or negative effect on our country. The UK is affected by the EU as the EU has said that members of the European Union can work in countries that also belong to the EU. In 2004, eight new countries joined. In the two years that followed, 600,000 workers came to the UK as no policy was put into place by the British government on foreign workers. However, in 2007, just after Bulgaria and Romania joined the EU, the UK government introduced a policy that limited the amount of foreign workers coming into the country. We can tell that most workers are polish because when they joined the EU in 2004 the statistics on foreign workers shot up. On the UK's population pyramid, there are more men aged from around 20-40 which could be due to people coming to work and send the money home to their families. The amount of workers coming over could affect our demographic transition model (DMT) as many migrants start families which can make the birth rate increase dramatically. According to the DMT this would be considered as stage 2/ early stage 3. Because of the excellent standard of medical facilities and free healthcare for British citizens the death rate is rather low which puts us currently in stage 4. If more people are in the country there will be more people per
National Parks - Purpose and Managment.
Shriya Patel 10RDP Geography National Parks What: In the UK, there are 15 members in the National Park family, which are protected areas because of their countryside, wildlife and cultural heritage. People live and work in the National Parks and the farms, villages and towns that are protected along with the landscape and wildlife. Why: National Parks were created and set up to protect the environment and to bring spirit to the communities. Where: There are about 15 national parks in the UK and its own National Park Authority looks them after. These parks are part of a global family of over 113,000 areas, covering 149 million square kilometres (6% of the Earth’s surface). Aims and Purpose: There are slightly different aims and purposes for the National Parks in Scotland and for the Broads, compared to National Parks in England and Wales. The purposes for National Parks in England and Wales: . Conserve and enhance the natural beauty, wildlife and cultural heritage 2. Promote opportunities for the understanding and enjoyment of the special qualities of National Parks by the Public When National Parks carry out these purposes, they also have the duty to: . Look for to further the economic and social well-being of local communities within the National Parks. The Scottish National Parks have four aims: . To conserve and enhance the natural and cultural
Reasons overpopulation occurs.
ŞENER, TAMER ŞENER YEŞİM TEKİN ING 102 CRN10284 NOVEMBER 7, 2012 WHY OVERPOPULATİON OCCURS Overpopulation is on the top of the world’s the biggest problems list; even if it is not, it will be. Nasif Nahle states in the article of Overpopulation, every year, more than 81 million people are added to the world-wide population (2003). That means, approximately 1 billion citizens are added to the world-wide population every 10 years, and world’s human population is greatly increasing. This increase mostly affects people in terms ofdeprivation of education and nourishment. Whatever the effects may be, medical improvements, illiteracy, and accessing food easily give rise to overpopulation. As mankind is advanced in many area of science, they are advanced in medical area also. Medical advancements are allowed people to cure diseases which could kill people or make them permanently harmed. Owing to medical advancements, deathly illnesses, like polio or pneumonia which were not be cured 100 years ago, can be prevented or cured with improved medicines. As a result of this progress in medical area, death rates in the world have reduced. According to Carolyn Kinder, until now, in the amount of so much children people have a lot of them died before they reach the age of 5 (2012). It can be understood from that, due to medical improvements infant mortality rate is rare.
Shopping Developments. This paper will illustrate how three types of malls are in existence in today's society.
The Mall Informative Essay Shopping Malls have been in existence for years. The first purposefully mall built was located in St. Petersburg in 1785. This mall consisted of hundreds of shops that were accessible under one roof. The Oxford Covered Market in Oxford, England was opened in 1774 and continues to be a service to the country. The Arcade of Cleveland was one of the first indoor shopping malls in the United States. This shopping mall set the standards for the shopping malls to come. Malls have been a significant part of our lives and are now a part of our culture. This paper will illustrate how three types of malls are in existence in today's society. Shopping has become a vital part of our culture. Shopping malls were originally designed to attract customers. It now represents more than shopping. Shopping malls represents a way of living, and designed to be both a place to purchase merchandise and also for recreational activity. The designers have created an atmosphere that has truly represented our culture. They designed three types of malls that accommodates diversity amongst individuals. Individuals have the opportunity to experience either a traditional shopping mall, a strip mall, or an outlet mall. In a traditional mall, individuals are entirely enclosed and surrounded by a variety of merchants in a contained and secure shopping environment. These
Reort on the Colorado River
The Colorado River The Colorado River is a principal river that runs through southwestern USA. It flows for 1,450 miles (2,330 km) from the Rocky Mountains to the Gulf of California, running through 7 US states and 2 Mexican states. It is a main source of water for agricultural and urban areas and an important source of hydroelectric power. As the Southwest's only significant source of water, the Colorado River was heavily developed in the twentieth century by a system of dams, reservoirs and canals. It supplies a population of 40 million people and over 29 major dams and hundreds of miles of canals serve to supply thirsty cities, provide irrigation water to around four million acres (16,000 km2), and generate more than 12 billion KWh of hydroelectricity each year. The Course The source of the river begins high in a wet meadow at la Poudre pass in the rocky mountains of western Colorado around 10’000 feet above sea level. In the upper course, it initially flows south towards Mexico and is joined by many other streams and rivers before Colorado River, southwestern USA it enters the state of Utah. Here, the river starts to widen and meander which the Colorado is famous for doing. Meanders are a series of bends in a river which are formed when the moving water in a river erodes the outer banks and widens its valley trying to find the
Explain how the problems of visitor pressure are being coped with in the Lake District National Park
Explain how the problems of visitor pressure are being coped with in the Lake District National Park. (8 marks) In national parks such as the Lake District in Cumbria, visitor numbers can be a major problem, high visitor numbers can also help the area, higher numbers of visitors’ causes there to be more money in the area and therefore the area can be developed and protected further. It’s a kind of catch 22 situation where the visitors cause the problems but they also help to prevent the problems. But what are these problems? High numbers of walker’s cause’s soil erosion and mountain bikers worsen this effect this causes land loss to farmers and flooding can be made worse by these channels where paths run funnelling water like rivers and streams. There are many ways that the Lake District national park choose to deal with this, one example of this is the use of different paths, they run one path for a couple of weeks and then close it allowing grass to regrow and the path to become stronger, in the meantime another path is opened and walkers use this instead. Another way that path erosion is dealt with is by crating zones for different users. Mountain bikers running on a footpath causes it to be eroded in a much swifter and more damaging manner to combat this Lake District national park has created certain areas especially for these users with added protection to
Will a future without oil be a terrible one?
Oil is a fossil fuel. It is usually found deep beneath the sea and is formed from the bodies of dead plants and animals. Oil has lots of different uses. For example, it is used to make plastic and as a fuel for powering cars and generating electricity. This means that oil is very valuable. It is sold for large sums of money on the international market. Saudi Arabia produces more oil than any other country, but is not the biggest consumer of oil by any means. The USA is completely oil dependant, and is by far the world’s largest consumer, every year it consumes over 6.87 billion barrels of the so called black gold for use in transport, generating electricity, and cooking their disgusting foods. However, the USA isn’t the only country which consumes more electricity than it produces however, China consumes over 3.56 billion barrels a year which it uses primarily for manufacturing, which you could argue is actually the consumption of the countries which buy China’s goods. Peak oil is when the demand for oil outstrips supply. It is not known when we will reach peak oil, and it is not a fixed point in time, we can reach peak oil multiple times, for example if our demand fluctuates or we find more available oil. However many experts believe we are at peak oil at the moment. Reaching peak oil can mean disaster for some countries. It means that much of it’s infrastructure
