Photosynthesis Investigation
Photosynthesis Investigation AIM: As part of my coursework my aim is to produce a detailed investigation showing you what affects photosynthesis and how fast a plant can photosynthesise. To do this I will place pondweed in a bottle and by using a lamp, I will move the light closer to the plant, and count how many bubbles the weed release after a certain amount of time. INVESTIGATION: Photosynthesis is a method in which plants use to produce food. Plants do this by converting light energy to make food from carbon dioxide and water. Inside the leaf is a green substance called Chlorophyll. This Chlorophyll helps to trap the energy from the sunlight, where as the carbon dioxide is trapped through tiny hole in the leaf. The water is absorbed through the roots and up through the stem. The trapped sunlight helps the carbon dioxide and water react. This makes a sugar called glucose. It also makes a waste product called oxygen, which humans use to breathe. The factors that will affect photosynthesis are darkness and this is why they don't photosynthesis at night. At night thought the plants take in oxygen and then give at their carbon dioxide as a waste product. FAIR TESTING: The variables in which I believe will affect my investigation are the following: * Light Shining through from other experiments. This will affect my experiment because the extra light will cause the plant
Photosynthesis Lab
Photosynthesis Lab Jillian Wilson Framingham State College March 29th, 2002 Introduction Photosynthesis is a very important process. It uses sunlight, Carbon dioxide, and water to make food, and gain energy. The process occurs in three stages: the capturing on energy from sunlight, the formation of ATP (from that energy), and the synthesis of CO2 (by use of ATP). The equation for photosynthesis can be written as: 6CO2 + 12 H2O + light energy --> C6h1206 + 6O2 + 6H2O But why is it important? By releasing oxygen and consuming carbon dioxide, photosynthesis has transformed the world into the hospitable environment we know today. Both directly and indirectly, photosynthesis fills all of our food requirements and many of our needs for fiber and building materials. The energy stored in petroleum, natural gas and coal all came from the sun via photosynthesis, as does the energy in firewood, which is a major fuel in many parts of the world. This being the case, scientific research into photosynthesis is vitally important. In this lab, we studied the effects of light intensity on photosynthetic rate, and the relationship between color (essentially light wavelength) and photosynthetic rate. This was an interesting process as it involved the measuring of bubbles released from a plant under water, thus determining the rate of photosynthesis by the amount of oxygen released. The
Nuclear Power
Nuclear Power Nuclear power plants create electricity using the energy released by splitting atoms to boil water and create steam which turns a steam turbine driving a generator. Since no fuel is burned, there are no gases or pollutants released into the air. The water used to create steam is isolated from radiation and any hot water to be discharged is cooled down in ponds or in tall cooling towers. Nuclear waste is the only byproduct of nuclear power and is packaged and stored rather than released into the environment. Unlike other fossil fuels, nuclear power plants release almost no emissions into the environment. Two different light-water reactor designs are currently in use, the Pressurised Water Reactor (PWR) and the Boiling Water Reactor (BWR). Diagram of a PWR In a PWR, the heat is removed from the reactor by water flowing in a closed pressurized loop. The heat is transferred to a second water loop through a heat exchanger. The second loop is kept at a lower pressure, allowing the water to boil and create steam, which is used to turn the turbine-generator and produce electricity. Afterward, the steam is condensed into water and returned to the heat exchanger. Diagram of a BWR In a BWR, water boils inside the reactor itself, and the steam goes directly to the turbine-generator to produce electricity. Here, too, the steam is condensed and reused. How a
Investigate the effect of changing light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis.
Aim My aim is to investigate the effect of changing light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis. Introduction This is an investigation into how the amount of light provided to a plant can affect the rate of photosynthesis in a plant when it has a constant supply of reactants. The reactants in this experiment are H2O(water), CO2(carbon dioxide) and light. The products are glucose and oxygen. The glucose is stored in the plant as starch and also used for respiration and growth of the plant. The oxygen is given off into the surroundings, this is what we will be measuring. The word equation for this process is: sunlight 6CO2 + 6H2O-----C6H12O6 + 6O2 There are several factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis- Temperature- the warmer the surroundings the higher the rate of photosynthesis. This is because this is an enzyme based process. This will happen only if the plant is given an adequate supply of water and carbon dioxide. But if the temperature becomes to high the structure of the cells unravels and they become denatured. Carbon Dioxide Concentration-The higher the concentration of carbon dioxide the higher the rate of photosynthesis. There is an upper limit but too much carbon dioxide will have no damaging effects on the plant itself. Water- The amount of water must not be too high because this can cause the plant to become waterlogged. This stops
Investigation into Cress Seeds
Investigation into Cress Seeds PLAN Aim:coec ecr seececw orec eck inec foec ec; I will be investigating into the 'height' characteristic for each of the six cultivars of cress. I have chosen height because I want to choose a characteristic with continuous variation. A characteristic with discontinuous variation will not provide any readable results, therefore with a continuous variation characteristic, I can compare the differences in variation more easily. From this, I can also compare the selective breeding. Here is a diagram to explain what I mean by this: Heidegger obfuscated ronen's functionalism . SELECTIVE BREEDING E.g. height of carrots Height (mm)coee eer seeeeew oree eek inee foee ee. Selective breeding is the crop which is only allowed to breed. For example, Carrots wih highest lengths are required. To achieve this farmers have tried to overcome by this by controlling the two factors, which influence this characteristic, the environment and genes. A plant may have inherited genes for tallness HH, but has not got enough of the three main elements needed to grow, water, minerals and sunlight from its environment.cofd fdr sefdfdw orfd fdk infd fofd fd. Therefore, farmers first grow cress in ideal environments with sufficient light, water and minerals. Only the tallest crops are then selected to breed together. A new crop is grown. From that crop another
Investigation into how light intensity affects the rate of photosynthesis.
Investigation into how light intensity affects the rate of photosynthesis. Background information Photosynthesis: Photosynthesis is the process that plants use to convert available chemicals into compounds used as food. It is the most important endothermic reaction on earth for life to exist. Although photosynthesis consists of a series of reactions, this is the overall equation: (light) Carbon dioxide + water ? glucose + oxygen 6CO2 + 6H2O ? C6H12O6 + 6O2 Carbon dioxide from the air is absorbed within the air spaces in the leaf, having entered through the stoma, tiny pores in the leaf. Water is taken in by the roots by osmosis, and light is absorbed by the green pigment in the leaves called chlorophyll. The carbon dioxide and the water is converted to glucose, which is used by the plant in various forms or stored as starch, while oxygen gas is released though the stoma. Photosynthesis occurs in two stages; the 'light dependent process' (light reactions) and the 'light independent process' (dark reactions). The light reactions use the direct energy of the light absorbed to create 'energy carrier molecules' which are then used to form covalent bonds of carbohydrates (glucose) in the dark reactions. All of these reactions take place in the chloroplasts in the leaves. In the light reactions, the energy form the light
Investigation into the factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis in Elodea
Investigation into the factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis in Elodea Introduction Photosynthesis is the chemical process, which takes place in every green plant to produce food in the form of glucose. Plants use the suns energy to join together water and carbon molecules to make the glucose, which is sent around the plant to provide food. Cells in the root or stem can use the glucose to make energy, if the plant does not need to use all the glucose immediately then it is stored which is difficult because glucose is hard to store in water. Plants solve this problem by joining hundreds of glucose molecules together to make starch. Starch does not dissolve in water very well so it makes a better food store. Photosynthesis takes place mainly in leaves and depends on an important green pigment called chlorophyll, which is found in chloroplasts. To obtain the most sunlight as possible, leaves have a large surface area and the more sunlight the plant receives, the better it can photosynthesize. Chloroplasts are found in palisade cells in large numbers and to allow as much light to get in as possible, the cells are arranged like a fence. This helps the energy entering the surface of the leaf to travel a long way through the palisade cells. Glucose can provide energy or carbon, which can manufacture other molecules in the plant. Which can make new living matter and
Investigating the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis.
Investigating the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis. Aim: We are going to investigate the effect of changing light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis on Eloden pondweed. Factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis. . Heat-high temperatures can destroy enzymes. Very low temperatures slow enzymes down. 2. Light intensity- high light intensity increases photosynthesis. 3. Carbon dioxide-high levels increase rate of photosynthesis. Variables- things can change. What will we measure? * The number of oxygen bubbles produced in a given time. * Variables- distance from the lamp, measure the temperature of the water, volume of water, length of the plant. Range of five measurment, 5 repeats, average results. Method. The equipment I will need is: beaker, thermometer, glass rod cotton pondweed, boiling tube containing dilute hydrogen carbonate, lamp and a meter ruler. I will make it a fair test by having range of five measurements and 5 repeats. To make the experiment safe I will where safety goggles. Things I could change. What I will keep the same. * The amount of pondweed. * The amount of sodium hydrogen carbonate. * I will not change the 5 measurements. * The amount of water. I can make the results as reliable as possible by doing more than 3 repeats and a range of 5 measurements. To make sure I have enough results to make a graph, I
Sensor Project
Sensor Project Liquid level based on flotation and a rotary potentiometer Plan By using a rotary potentiometer connected to a cylindrical float plastic, measure the water level in a tank filling with water, as the water level moves up, the float attached to the rotary potentiometer will moves accordingly as it floats on top of the water. Find out the relationship between the volume of water and the voltage using the potentiometer as it move accordingly with the level of water. Rotary potentiometer - Movement to cause change of voltage Float arm - Connect the polystyrene to the potentiometer Circular Polystyrene - Moves as level of water goes up Measuring Cylinder - Measure the amount of water added Digital Meter - Measure the voltage across the potentiometer Clamp - Hold the potentiometer above the tank Tank - Contain water Power pack - Supply power to the potentiometer Protractor - Measure the angle of the float arm movement The Sensor Potentiometer - A variable resistor that functions as a voltage divider. Measurements to record in the experiment: Volume of Water added each time Angle of Movement of the float arm Voltage across the Potentiometer I am going to take these three measurements to investigate the relationship of the volume of water and the voltage of potentiometer when water is added to the tank. As the tank
The role of water in the lives of organisms
The role of water in the lives of organisms Water is perhaps the most important molecule for the survival and life of all living organisms because there is a wide spectrum of roles that it plays. The fact that the earth's surface consists of 70.8% water shows its significance and importance. Firstly, water has the chemical formula H(0 (two Hydrogen atoms to one Oxygen atom), the covalent bonds between which create cohesive forces. Water has a very high specific heat capacity, measuring 4,200 Joules, creating a stable environment for organisms to live in. This means that water does not heat up or cool down too rapidly due to the difficulty in breaking the hydrogen bonds, which restricts the movement of the water molecules. This property of water is beneficial to aquatic organisms (e.g. Fish, Jellyfish), as they do not have to keep adapting their own body temperatures for survival. Another property water has is its insulating nature in lakes and rivers. As water cools toward 0°C, the water molecules slow down to form the maximum number of hydrogen bonds. As this process continues, water molecules must give enough space for all four hydrogen bonds to fit, causing the water to expand as it freezes to form ice. Ice is less dense than the liquid form and therefore floats, a property very significant to the survival of fish as this layer of ice insulates the liquid water below
