Resistance Aim: my main aim is to investigate the factors that affect the resistance in a conductor, in which here I am using a nichrome wire.
What factors affect the resistance of wire? Aim: my main aim is to investigate the factors that affect the resistance in a conductor, in which here I am using a nichrome wire. The focal factors that affect the resistance in a conductor are: * Length * Temperature * Cross- section area * Material Hypothesis: I think that the more the cross-section area, the lower the resistance in the conductor or the nichrome wire will be. This is because the resistance happen due to the movement of the electrons through the material ( once a voltage has been applied ) they collide with the atoms in the material and as a result lose some of their energy. The idea of resistance is simply how difficult it is for the electrons to move through a material. The more difficult it is, the more energy they lose in the material on their movements. The definition of an electrical resistance is the ratio of voltage to current. The equation we use to find the resistance from the current and voltage is: Resistance (R) = Voltage (V) / Current (I) To put it in a simpler way, it is the number of volts difference across the object when one amp of current flows. It should be remembered that voltage is the number of joules of energy transferred by one coulomb of charge, and that current is the number of coulombs of charge passing a place each second. Now what the object is made of this means its
Draw stress and strain graphs for the metal copper and the alloy constantan. Calculate the figures of young's modulus for copper and constantan. Discuss the physics involved.
AS Physics Data Analysis coursework This coursework assignment requires me analyse and evaluate data on copper and constantan given to me. It entails investigating the young's modulus of the metal and alloy. Thus I will use many methods during to complete my investigation. Aims: . To draw stress and strain graphs for the metal copper and the alloy constantan 2. To calculate the figures of young's modulus for copper and constantan 3. To discuss the physics involved Plan: In this investigation I have received results for extension of copper and constantan for certain forces applied to it, for which I will analyse and calculate the young's modulus. The results I have been given are forces applied to copper and constantan, three sets of results for the metal and alloy and this can be used by averaging data to give more accurate results thus these results given to me will be used to create graphs, calculate young's modulus and analyse data for both metals so I can complete my investigation. I will need to draw a force and extension graph for both copper and constantan, the extension shown will be the averaged value for each metal. I will also calculate the stress and strain values and plot this on a graph for both copper and constantan, I will plot these on the same graph and analyse the graph, hence I can find any patterns from the data and this will require me to draw
The factors affecting the resistance of a metalic conductor.
INVESTIGATION: THE FACTORS AFFECTING THE RESISTANCE OF A METALLIC CONDUCTOR Metals conduct electricity because the electrons in the metal can move about inside the structure. These electrons are called free electrons. Electricity is conducted through a conductor by means of free electrons. Atoms consist of protons, electrons and neutrons. The protons and neutrons make the nucleus of an atom while the electrons circle the outer area of the atom. Electrons in metal are able to move freely and are used as current in an electric circuit. This is because they carry a charge and can move all around the circuit with this charge. While these electrons are travelling around the circuit, atoms are sometimes in the way, causing the two to collide. This takes out some of the energy from the electron and transfers it to the atom. This is how resistance occurs. The number of free electrons depends on the material and the more the free electrons in a substance the better the material as a conductor. All conductors offer resistance to the flow of current. The conductor's atoms determine this resistance. For example copper atoms offer negligible resistance to an electric current because a significant proportion of its electrons are free to move from electron to electron. Thus copper is commonly used as a conductor. Current, is the flow of electrons around a circuit. Those materials,
To investigate how the resistance, R, of a length of wire, l, changes with diameter, D and determine the resistivity of the material the wire used.
Resistance of a Wire Aim To investigate how the resistance, R, of a length of wire, l, changes with diameter, D and determine the resistivity ? of the material the wire used. Introduction In this experiment, I am investigating the resistance, length and diameter to find the resistivity of a wire. Hence, we use the resistance formula to calculate this: R is the resistance of the conductor in Ohms (?) A is the cross sectional area in m2 l is the length of the wire in metres (m) ? is the resistivity of the material in Ohm metres (?m) Three external factors influence the resistance in a conductor. Thickness (cross-sectional area of the wire), length, and temperature all have some effect on the amount of resistance created in a wire. The fourth factor is the resistivity of the material we are using. The wires which are available for use are: Constantan (mm) Nichrome (mm) Cross sectional area (x 10-8m2) 2.d.p 0.19 2.80 0.23 4.10 0.28 0.28 6.10 0.31 0.31 7.50 0.37 0.37 0.70 0.40 2.50 0.45 0.45 5.90 0.56 24.60 0.71 39.50 0.90 63.50 .25 22.20 I found that it would be better to use the constantan wire because of the range of diameters, hence a wide range of cross sectional areas of wire are available. The temperature coefficients of the resistance for a constantan and nichrome wire are shown in the table below: Substance Temperature
Investigation in resistance in wires
Investigating Resistance in Wires Aim In this investigation I will be looking into the theory of resistance and current in wires; this theory is called Ohms Law. By doing the experiments I will be hoping to prove Ohms law correct, and testing to see if it remains constant as the voltage, and wire lengths vary. Related Theory Resistance is measured in ohms (), resistance can be calculated by using the formula V = I × R V = voltage measured in volts (V) I = current measured in amps (A) R = resistance measured in ohms () This is the formula called Ohms Law. Ohms law is the relationship between voltage, current and resistance. For a metal conductor at a constant temperature the current is directly proportional to the voltage. This means that if the current increases the voltage will also increase in the same proportion. For example: If a cell provides a voltage of 1 volt and the circuit has a resistor of 1 ohm connected to it an ammeter would read 1 amp. If the cell was replaced with a 2 Volt cell the ammeter would read 2 Amps. Resistance is caused by electrons bumping into ions. If the length of the wire is doubled, the electrons bump into twice as many ions so there will be twice as much resistance. If the cross-sectional area of the wire doubles there will be twice as many ions and twice as many electrons bumping into them, but also twice as many electrons getting
Investigate young's modulus behind Constantan and Copper.
AS LEVEL PHYSICS COURSEWORK ON DATA ANALYSIS In this physics coursework, I have been asked to investigate young's modulus behind Constantan and Copper. I will produce the stress strain graphs showing the young's modulus for both the metals. I will after when constructing the graphs, I will discuss the physics behind my results and I will compare the young's modulus for both materials. Aim: * To draw the stress-strain graphs for a metal and an alloy. * To work out the figures for young's modulus for both metals. * To discuss the physics behind my results. Plan: For this particular investigation, I have been issued with the results and have been asked to analyse the results finding the young's modulus for two materials, which are: Copper and Constantan. From the results given, I will construct the necessary graphs, analyse, and compare the materials so I can successfully compare the young's modulus of the given materials. I have been provided with the following information: the force applied to the material, three results for the extension, which will help me gain accuracy when averaging this out. I will produce a graph showing the stress-strain from the data, which has been provided. This will present me the young's modulus of the metal (alloy), and subsequently I will create a second graph, which will show Force-extension, and I will average out the
Investigation into Energy Released From Burning Various Alcohols.
Investigation into Energy Released From Burning Various Alcohols Planning In this investigation, I will investigate the energy released from different alcohols when they are burnt. I will be using the following alcohols: Methanol Ethanol Propan-2-ol Butan-1-ol Pentan-1-ol I will be burning the alcohols in spirit burners, with a beaker of water above. I will use the temperature of the water, change in mass of the spirit burner and the specific heat capacity of water to work out the amount of energy released. The reaction that occurs when burning alcohols is exothermic, and so the water in the beaker will absorb this heat energy. The variables that could affect the investigation are listed here: * Types of Alcohol * Isomers of Alcohols * Type of Container (I.e. glass, plastic) * Time left for Alcohol to Burn * Height of Water above flame * Wick length on spirit burner An alcohol has the general formula of: Cn H2n+1 OH So, for example, the formula for Ethanol is C2H5OH, and the formula for Propan-1-ol/Propan-2-ol is C3H7OH. Each alcohol has a different amount of Carbon (C) and Hydrogen (H) atoms, and this will affect the energy released by each separate one. The different isomers of each alcohol may also affect the results. An isomer is another variation of an alcohol, which has the same chemical formula, but a different molecule structure, and different
Investigating how the length of wire affects its resistance
Investigating how the length of a wire affects its resistance Aim: To find out how changing the length of a wire will affect its resistance. Introduction Electricity is conducted through a conductor by means of free electrons. An electric current is made up of charged particles that flow called electrons. They move through a conductor, e.g. wire. The more free electrons in a conductor there is, the better it will conduct electricity as more mobile electrons mean more flow. Conductors of different materials have different amount of free electrons, therefore, some conductors conduct electricity better than others. Resistance is what opposes the flow of current, (obstruction offered by the wire) and is measured in ohms, with the Greek symbol: ?. Resistance makes it difficult for the flow of electrons through the conductor. It can be caused electrons colliding with atoms in a conductor, obstructing the flow. Electrons will also collide with each other if there is little free space in a conductor, and so resistance will increase. Resistance can be affected by several different factors, such as light, temperature, width of wire, cross section area of wire, as well as the length of wire. In this experiment, I am going to investigate how the length of a wire will change its resistance. I will be using a range of wire lengths to test this. Formula: Resistance=
Resistance of a wire coursework. In my experiment I shall be using different types of wires with various lengths and widths. Through these I shall be testing the resistance which is caused by electrons.
Coursework: Resistance of a wire Introduction: I plan to do an experiment on the resistance of a wire. In my experiment I shall be using different types of wires with various lengths and widths. Through these I shall be testing the resistance which is caused by electrons. The electrons lose energy as they try to move past atoms. The effects are as follows: . The current is reduced and energy slows them down. 2. The potential difference of the electricity in the wire increases as it loses energy. 3. The wire is heated up by the energy that is lost from the electrons. A correlation between the length and the width of the wire is that the longer and wider the wire is, the more atoms there are. The resistance is larger wires should be higher. You can calculate the resistance by using Ohms law. This is the equation for Ohms Law: Resistance (R) = Voltage (V) / Current (I) This equation can then be rearranged to give voltage or current. Variables: Temperature: Atoms in the wire will vibrate as the temperature increases. The vibrations increase along with the temperature. This makes it more difficult for the electrons to avoid the particles in the wire. This causes the resistance to increase as the electrons spend more energy in collisions or trying to avoid atoms. Length: The longer the wire is, the more atoms there will be for the electrons to pass. This makes
electomagnet lab
PHYSICS LAB REPORT STRENGTH OF AN ELECTROMAGNET AIM: To investigate the factors that affects the strength of an electromagnet. THEORY: An electromagnet is a magnet that runs on electricity. Unlike a permanent magnet, the strength of an electromagnet can easily be changed by changing the amount of electric current that flows through it. The poles of an electromagnet can even be reversed by reversing the flow of electricity. An electromagnet works because an electric current produces a magnetic field. The magnetic field produced by electric current forms circles around the electric current, as shown in the diagram below: If a wire carrying an electric current is formed into a series of loops, the magnetic field can be concentrated within the loops. The magnetic field can be strengthened even more by wrapping the wire around a core. The atoms of certain materials, such as iron, nickel and cobalt, each behave like tiny magnets. Normally, the atoms in something like a lump of iron point in random directions and the individual magnetic fields tend to cancel each other out. However, the magnetic field produced by the wire wrapped around the core can force some of the atoms within the core to point in one direction. All of their little magnetic fields add together, creating a stronger magnetic field. As the current flowing around the core increases, the number of aligned atoms
