What Effect Did World War II have on Eastern Europe?
CANDIDATE NUMBER History What Effect Did World War II have on Eastern Europe? Candidate Name: Word Count: 3517 Session: ABSTRACT This essay will explore the political, social, and economic attributes of three countries in Eastern Europe after World War II compared to before World War II. This essay will explore the political, social, and economic attributes of three countries in Eastern Europe after World War II compared to before World War II. The essay will go in depth to focus on the different aspects in Romania, Poland, and the Soviet Union before, during, and after World War Two. The insight gained through this essay will cover the consequences and the impact that World War Two had on the populations of the aforementioned nations due to the change of the political, social, and economic aspects of everyday life. TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION When the words "World War Two" are mentioned, one may automatically think about the millions of lives lost; the Holocaust; or the D-Day invasions of Normandy - all of which have been recounted numerous times in books, films, and video games. But what is less commonly discussed about World War Two is the significant political, social, and economic impact that it had on the countries of Eastern Europe. In this essay, I will explore the social, political, and economic effects of the war on three countries in the region:
Egyptian Influence Extended Essay
Abstract The Ancient Egyptians were a marvelous people with the ability to change the entire world just by being themselves and using their primitive tools. Egyptian art, design, architecture, and culture have profoundly affected the outcome of contemporary society by acting as models. With their art, Egyptians were able to depict their religious beliefs and tell stories. The men were drawn handsomely and muscular and the women were young and vibrant. Their artifacts usually depicted cats and gods, which were mostly given to pharaohs. Each section of an artifact meant something different. For example, a crown on a cat-like artifact meant that it was for the higher classes. They would use tools that we still find today. Egyptian fashion is very interesting. Just like today, the Egyptians would wear make-up and jewelry. Like in Indian culture, Egyptians would wear jewels in the middle of their foreheads. They would wear beautiful earrings and necklaces, depending on their class. The women would create garments and other clothing made from linen cloth to protect them from the desert heat while giving them a nice breeze. They would use paint for eye shadow, and tattoos. Egyptian architecture greatly influenced the way we build today. They would use the "Divine Proportion" called Phi, which was used to measure the perfect angles and edges to build pyramids. Today, we still use
Crisis and Collapse in Spain between 1793 and 1808
Crisis and Collapse Charles III died in late 1788, leaving Spain and the empire peaceful and reasonably prosperous. The Crown’s normal income was almost adequate for routine expenditures, and the royal debt was modest. By January 1, 1808, however, the imperial panorama looked very different. Except for occasional interludes of peace, Spain had been at war since 1793. Its costly naval fleet had been destroyed in the battles of Cape St. Vincent and Trafalgar. Napoleon was exacting financial tribute and largely determining Spain’s foreign policy. Colonial trade increasingly benefited neutral shippers rather than Spanish merchants and producers, and a rapidly growing debt burdened the royal treasuries in Spain and the colonies In addition, the prominence of the powerful royal favorite Manuel Godov, grandiloquently entitled duke of Alcudia, prince of the Peace, and admiral-general of Spain and the Indies, had discredited the royal family. Yet despite the numerous difficulties of these years, almost no one in Spain or the colonies expected that in less than two decades the entire mainland empire in America would be independent of Spanish rule. The Cost of War The execution of the French King Louis XVI on January 21, 1793, led Spain into the coalition of countries fighting against the spread of revolution. The nation was united against regicide, and initially the war
Outline the reasons for the rise of Chinese Nationalism after 1919. Discuss the impact of the Sino-Japanese War (1937-45) on Chinas relationship with the two new superpowers.
First Half of 20th Century China Outline the reasons for the rise of Chinese Nationalism after 1919. Discuss the impact of the Sino-Japanese War (1937-45) on China’s relationship with the two new superpowers. Up until the 20th century, China had been ruled almost exclusively by dynasties who managed to build and consolidate a significant empire in eastern Asia. The last of these dynasties was the Qing dynasty. Following the destruction of China’s “treasure fleet” in the 15th century by the Mandarins of the Ming dynasty, China’s trade (which reached all the way to the Eastern shores of Africa) with foreign nations slowly disappeared. By the 19th century, China, which had once been at the forefront of scientific advances in the ancient world, was seen as a backward nation, but still a lucrative market for Western nations to tap into. The British sold opium to the Chinese, who smoked it with tobacco after the practice had been introduced to them by Europeans, and slowly the population became addicted to it. Faced with this, the Emperor took action and suppressed the sale of opium, resulting in the First Opium War (1839 to 1842) which saw the modern British expeditionary force crush the Chinese. From this, the Treaty of Nanking was signed: the first of the unequal treaties. Hong Kong was ceded to the British, low tariff rates were fixed and foreigners were given
Revson notes on the Middle Ages + their Heritage the Idea of Unity of Christendom
Middle Ages + their Heritage - the Idea of Unity of Christendom - common markers for the Middle Ages - 800 A.D ( crowning of Charlemagne) - 1449 (Council of Basle which had come together representing all of Catholic Europe...never again afterwards) - Why call them the Middle Ages? - within this period - Latin (Western) Europe regarded itself as a single society w/common authority (same would say an united republic) - but, the question of ultimate authority = Emperor or Pope? - Charlegmagne's Empire = Elbe to Barcelona + beyond Pyrenees and from French Channel coast to Rome - Slavs (Czech + Avars (Hungary) acknowledge him as 'overlord' - only Br was outside - to East of 'Germany' = Xian Kingdoms of Bohemia + Poland - to the north = Xian Kingdoms of Denmark, Norway + Sweden - to the south = southern Italy + Sicily was reconquered by Xian (from Islam) - to peoples of the Mediterranean basin "Rome" provided the standard of political, cultural + commercial unity - the restoration of worldwide dominion of Rome was the dream of medieval popes + emperors, as well as subjects. - so called barbarians in West set-up Kingdoms relying on local resources during 500 - 800 A.D but, they didn't question continuing authority of 'Rome' - rulers enforce both Roman law + local law - looked to East Empire + Constantinople for conferring of titles - with the crowning of Charlemagne, thus
History Internal Assesment
"The League is very well when sparrows shout, but no good at all when eagles fall out" - Benito Mussolini Table of Contents Preface..............................................................................1 Part A: Plan of Investigation................................3 Part B: Summary of Evidence..............................4 Part C: Evaluation of Sources..............................7 Part D: Analysis...............................................9 Part E: Conclusion...........................................11 Part F: List of sources and word count..................12 Appendices.....................................................14 A. Plan of Investigation Topic: How significant a factor was Italy's invasion of Ethiopia in the failure of the League of Nations to act as an effective peacemaker in the inter-war years? Plan of Investigation: In order to find the significance of Italy's invasion of Ethiopia I will focus mainly on the international relations and affairs of Italy, Ethiopia, and other countries that were involved with the League of Nations. I plan to learn about Italy's foreign policy and how this affected Mussolini's decision to invade Abyssinia (present day Ethiopia). Then I will analyze Ethiopia's call for help to the League of Nations and the response. I also plan to analyze the attempts that were made to keep Italy and Ethiopia from
Investigation: The Cuban Missile Crisis as a Thaw in the Cold War
Completed in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the IB Diploma Programme John Paul Chunga IB History Internal Assessment 2011-2012 Candidate Number: 0345-006 IB Instructor: Nicholas Investigation: The Cuban Missile Crisis as a Thaw in the Cold War Word Count: 1,963 Section A I want to know more about politics in the 1960s at the height of the Cold War when John F. Kennedy's New Frontier combats Soviet ambition. The United States and the Soviet Union were the superpowers of the world with two competing ideologies. With this competition came fear of that the other would best them in technological advancement. The nuclear arms race had begun after the Second World War and on October 16, 1962 culminated with the Cuban missile crisis that had the world inches from destruction. After this event the arms race did not flex its power as the Cold War thawed, however what evidence supports this supposed thawing in the Cold War? In other words, to what extent did the Cuban missile crisis lead to a thaw in the Cold War with the Soviet Union? To reach a conclusion for the research question, the conditions leading up to, during, and following the Cuban missile crisis will be assessed. The lessons learned from the administrations following will be used to assess whether a thawing occurred. The sources Thirteen Days by Robert F. Kennedy and The Fog of War directed by Errol
How did the Black Death of 1348 impact on the rivalry for political power and social and cultural dominance between the Irish and English in Ireland?
Introduction The Black Death has been called one of the deadliest pandemics to have ever ravaged humankind . The first outbreak of the bubonic plague in Europe, was in fact around 540 A.D. , however this essay focuses on the 14th century outbreak which is usually called the Black Death. Originally from the East, the European outbreak of the Black Death began in the spring of 1348 when it reached the shores of Italy by ship . This outbreak lasted approximately three years and is estimated to have killed between 25% and 50% of Europe's population . This essay will be focussing on the Black Death in Ireland, which reached the country in late July 1348 . Despite the fact that the country was obliterated by the pestilence , little historical sources exist today which detail the number of casualties. It so happens that the Black Death mainly ravaged the more populated, colonised areas of Ireland . Some historians believe that this led to the strengthening of the native Irish in relation to the ongoing race-war at the time between them and the English-Norman colonisers. However, this specific area in the history of Ireland is never thoroughly detailed, and its actual influence is rarely definitely stipulated, making it worthy of study. This therefore prompts the research question: How did the Black Death of 1348 impact on the rivalry for political power and social and cultural
Notes on the history of Communist China
Rise and rule of single party states China, Cuba, Germany, Italy, Spain, USSR, Yugoslavia Nation: China Time period: 30s-60s Origins (conditions which produce single-party states) a. political . History of warlord rule - warlords control administrative state . rule is arbitrary and capricious 2. political advance is based on patronage 3. safety and well-being dependent upon whims of leaders 2. Imperialism . invaded by Western traders and military - do whatever they want, no unified Chinese will or power to restrain them – 2. local governors strike their own deals with foreigners - one last attempt by the Dowager empress to expel the foreigners in the Boxer rebellion fails - governors of the provinces refuse to participate - the foreign powers then converge on Peking 3. 1904 - Japanese move into Manchuria . civil war begins in 1911 vs. the empress 2. won by Yuan Shikai (Southern military lord) and Sun Yat-sen (foreign-educated political philosopher) 3. constitution, 2 house legislature set up 4. election held in 1913 - multiparty including those of ancient regime and former revolutionaries 5. only 4-6% of the population allowed to vote! 6. victory for KMT - controlled both houses of parliament - President was Yuan 7. huge problem was lack of funds for govt - central govt relied on loans from foreign govts, but had had control of port revenues and
Ancient China
Civilizations are a group of humans living together in an organized way and have made advances in arts, science and technology, law or government.1 China is one of the world's oldest continuous civilizations; it is the only ancient civilization that has continued to this very day.2 The lifestyles that the ancient Chinese had is extremely different then the lifestyle that the Modern Western Civilization which includes North America and Europe currently has because of the different way that people thought and made decisions. When comparing the first two imperial dynasties of China, Qin and Han dynasty with the Modern Western Civilization, differences can be exemplified by the family roles, political structure, law and justice system, religious beliefs and institutions, and technological achievements In Ancient China, family was the most important thing to a point where it was nearly sacred.3 Each family member has a specific role.4 The oldest male is always the head of the family and looked over the finances and the property. Children obeyed and honoured their parents.5 It was very important for the Ancient Chinese to respect the elderly. People usually get married at a very young age sometimes before puberty and it was often arranged to create or strengthen a union between families.6 Women would move into their husband's house when they got married and break all the ties to
