Extended Essay
Adam Szakal An investigation of the Hungarian natural gas market What effect will the recent government reforms have on the price of natural gas in Hungary and the dependence of the gas market on the Russian supply? International Baccalaureate Extended Essay in Economics September 2009 Word count: 3937 Abstract The Hungarian natural gas price subsidy was ineffective and a huge economic burden for the state budget. The market has been uncompetitive and dependent on Russian supply. The government has made some changes to reform the system. This essay provides an analysis of these changes focusing on the question: What effect will the recent government reforms have on the price of natural gas and the dependence of the gas market on the Russian supply? In order to respond this question I made references to many economic concepts: price, elasticity of demand, price discrimination, monopoly, oligopoly, privatization, liberalisation, externalities and market failure. Theories are compared with results taken from previous questionnaires filled out by local people from different parts of Hungary, an interview and government publications on the changes implemented between 2006 and 2009. This essay focuses on the subsidy system and the liberalisation of the Hungarian natural gas market. A conclusion was drawn from the ensuing analysis as follows. The liberalisation of the
Effect of Light intensity on the Anaerobic Respiration of Pygmy Chain Sword
Extended Essay Research Question: What is the effect of decreasing light intensity on the photosynthesis rate of Echinodorus tenellus within a twenty four hour time period? Subject: Biology Supervisor: Mr. Van Wijk Candidate Name: Darryl Soh Candidate Number: 002786 - 030 Table of Contents . Abstract.........................................Page 2. Introduction....................................Page 4 3. Equipment /Apparatus........................Page 7 4. Method / Procedure...........................Page 8 5. Results..........................................Page 10 6. Analysis and Evaluation......................Page 33 7. Conclusion..................................... Page 36 8. Bibliography....................................Page 38 Abstract The process of altering the amount of photosynthesis a plant carries out can be altered using an external light source or stimulus. In this essay, the effect of the intensity of external light on the rate of photosynthesis is carried out and investigated through a series of experiments. Firstly, the Pygmy Chain Sword plant was placed in normal sunshine, with a light intensity of 2.62 lux, and the rate of photosynthesis was monitored (measured by the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water) for one day to see how much dissolved oxygen was produced in normal conditions of light intensities. Then, the plant was exposed to
Estrategias de Impacto. En sus inicios, el mercado de la cerveza en Lima se encontraba dividido entre la Pilsen Callao y Cristal. Mientras que en provincia se encontraba la Cuzquea y Arequipea.
INTRODUCCION En sus inicios, el mercado de la cerveza en Lima se encontraba dividido entre la Pilsen Callao y Cristal. Mientras que en provincia se encontraba la Cuzqueña y Arequipeña. Cada cual tenía su sabor, sus dueños y su espacio. Más adelante, en los años noventa empezó una guerra entre las cervezas nacionales que terminó cuando Backus compró todas las cervezas nacionales, convirtiéndose en dueña del Monopolio. En el 2000 Backus fue adquirida por la compañía colombiana Bavaria; el 2003 otro competidor, Ambev, entra al mercado; y este año, el Grupo AJE con su cerveza Franca intenta conquistar el 15% del mercado en mediano plazo. Es así como empieza a generarse una nueva guerra entre las cervezas; y es entre Bavaria y Ambev donde están las principales batallas. La cerveza es el producto relativamente más consumido entre la población, con un alcance que llega a todos los niveles socioeconómicos y rangos de edades aptos para su consumo; mientras que otras líneas como "vinos y champagne" y "whisky" están focalizados a segmentos con necesidades singulares, registrando en los últimos años dinámicas importantes en su consumo. Uno de los principales factores que impulsa la producción es la mayor demanda que hay por este producto. "Pero, adicionalmente, están las promociones comerciales que vienen implementando las diversas compañías cerveceras que
Historia de la Ingeniera La historia de la civilizacin es en cierto modo, la de la ingeniera: largo y arduo esfuerzo para hacer que las fuerzas de la naturaleza trabajen en bien del hombre.
HISTORIA DE LA INGENIERÍA La historia de la civilización es en cierto modo, la de la ingeniería: largo y arduo esfuerzo para hacer que las fuerzas de la naturaleza trabajen en bien del hombre. Los primeros hombres utilizaron algunos principios de la ingeniería para conseguir sus alimentos, pieles y construir armas de defensa como hachas, puntas de lanzas , martillos etc.. Pero el desarrollo de la ingeniería como tal, comenzó con la revolución agrícola (año 8000 A.C.) , cuando los hombres dejaron de ser nómadas , y vivieron en un lugar fijo para poder cultivar sus productos y criar animales comestibles. Hacia el año 4000 A.C., con los asentamientos al rededor de los ríos Nilo, Éufrates e Indo, se centralizó la población y se inicio la civilización con escritura y gobierno. Con el tiempo en esta civilización aparecería la ciencia. Los primeros ingenieros fueron arquitectos, que construyeron muros para proteger las ciudades, y construyeron los primeros edificios para lo cual utilizaron algunas habilidades de ingeniería. Seguidos por los especialistas en irrigación , estos se encargaron de facilitar el riego de las cosechas, pero como las mejores zonas para cosechar eran frecuentemente atacadas, aparecen los ingenieros Militares encargados de defender las zonas de cosecha y las ciudades. Se destaca la importancia que la comunicación a tenido en
IB chemistry revision notes
TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents 1 Atomic Theory 3 The Electromagnetic Spectrum 3 Atomic Emission Spectra 3 Explanation for the Emission spectra 3 Subatomic Particles 4 Atomic Numbers 4 Mass Numbers 4 Isotopes 4 Calculating RAM by example - Lead (Pb) 4 Solutions 4 Periodicity 5 Elements 5 Physical Properties 5 Atomic and Ionic Radii in the Periodic Table 5 Electronegativity (Pauling's) 6 Electronegativity in the Periodic Table 6 Ionisation Energy 6 Successive Ionization Energies 7 Melting Points 7 Chemical Properties 8 Use of Standard Electrode Potentials 8 Test for Halide Ions 9 Trends across the Third Period 9 Bonding 9 Ionic Bonding 9 Covalent Bonding 10 V.S.E.P.R. Theory 11 Intermolecular forces 12 Metallic Bonding 13 Solubility 13 Transition Metals 13 States of Matter 14 Solids 14 Liquids 14 Gases 14 Endothermic Processes 14 Exothermic Processes 15 Diffusion 15 Kinetic Theory 15 Maxwell-Boltzmann Energy Distribution Curves 15 Energetics 16 Energy Profile of Reaction 16 Hess' Law 16 Enthalpies of Reactions 16 Entropy Change, 17 Kinetics 18 Rate of Reaction 18 Collision Theory 18 The Rate Determining Step 18 Catalysts 19 Equilibrium 19 Dynamic Equilibrium 19 The Equilibrium Constant 19 Le Chatelier's Principle 19 Factors Affecting the Position of Equilibrium 19 Catalysts 20 The Häber Process (Production of
Creating a logistic model
Mathematics Higher Level Assignment: Mathematics Portfolio Type II: Creating a Logistic Model School: Trinity Grammar School School Code: Name of Student: Cassian Ho Student Number: Introduction If a hydroelectric project is expected to cerate a large lake into which some fish are to be placed, a biologist estimates that if 10,000 fish were introduced into the lake, the population of fish would increase by 50% in the first year, but the long-term sustainable limit would be about 60,000. In order to estimate the growth rate of the population of fish, it is best to find a linear growth factor for. We do this by finding two ordered pairs in the form (u0, r0), (un, rn). rn is the growth rate when the population is n. since we know from the information given that when there are 60000 fish in the lake, the growth rate is stable i.e. 1, this can be represented as one of our ordered pairs: (60000, 1). We also know that when 10000 fish are in the lake, the growth rate is 50% i.e. population is multiplied by 1.5, so the second ordered pair is (10000, 1.5). from these pairs we have: r10000 = 1.5 r60000 = 1 and since we are trying to search for a linear function of the growth rate, we can also denote rn as: rn = mn + b where n = population of fish. Substituting the two ordered pairs, we have: .5 = m(10000) + b = m(60000) + b Putting this into the GDC, we find
Joe-Clarissa-Jed-ENDURING LOVE. Background information about the character details about family, career
Joe Background information about the character - details about family, career etc Joe is a 48-year-old man living with his girlfriend Clarissa in a small house-apartment in London. The only physical description of him is that he's 'a large, clumsy, balding fellow'. In chapter 1, we learn that Joe has been with Clarissa 7 years. Joe is a rationalist as he analyses human behavior by reason and dislikes religion and finding faith-based explanations. Joe and Clarissa are well off: they drink expensive wine and Joe buys Clarissa a first edition book of Keats for her birthday. Joe has 'a good physics degree and a doctorate on quantum electrodynamics.' Initially Joe wanted to be a scientist and began to develop a part for computers, this failed and having realized he was too old to be a research scientist '...my academic career was sunk...' he began to write science books. Joe is 'a journalist, a commentator, an outsider to my own profession.' although science is still his first love. Joe is frustrated and extremely disappointed for not being the scientist he wanted to be if his idea wouldn't of been stolen by some other researchers. Joe isn't satisfied with his work " I wrote a long and dull review of five books on consciousness." His life is mainly revolved around his work and this is why he often analysis certain events in such depth, always wanting the answers that lie
Hamlet Journal - rewriting key passages from the play
Dylane Jacobs Period 3 Dialectical Journals (The entries that include n have been inspired by words written in no fear Shakespeare. They may be similar to that of the ones on the website but they are my own thoughts with similar wording, because the entries I wrote were assisted by the ones on the internet. They were not copied, but they were used as a reference.) I.ii.a,b,i a. In this scene the king talks about his brother's death and the marriage to the queen. He also discusses the situation that is prevailing with Prince Fortinbras. The prince seeks revenge for his father's death and for the lost land. He is trying to conquer lost land. He sends representatives to go undermine the attack. Then the king's talks to Laertes and Polonius about Laertes request to leave to go to France to continue studying. The king grants his leave. Then the King addresses the situation with Hamlet. Hamlet is upset with the resent death of his father and the marriage of his mother to his uncle. Claudius tells Hamlet basically to get over himself. He also does not allow Hamlet to leave to go to England to study, he must stay with his family who needs him. The procession then leaves and Hamlet is left to wallow in his misery and ultimately considers suicide. Just then Horatio and Bernardo come in and tell of the ghost they have been seeing for the past few nights. Hamlet agrees to stand guard
This paper will concentrate on Apples Apple TV business, and its complementing iTunes business.
Internet Strategy Analysis Apple TV and iTunes Vinay Kamath PART 1 Introduction On January 9th, 2001 Apple Computers Inc. (now Apple Inc.) opened its iTunes music store, thereby revolutionizing the music industry. To complement iTunes they also added industry leading gadgets like the iPod, Apple TV and iPhone. During these 7 years iTunes has evolved into a online media store catering to not only music, but also to podcasts, Movie Rentals, television shows, and Apps for iPhone. The one gadget that brings all these media forms (except Apps) into the consumer's living room is Apple TV. Apple TV is a set-top box that, in addition to content from iTunes, also consolidates content like photos, home movies, etc. wirelessly from the users. Apple TV, therefore, is the gadget that consolidates all the content owned by the user and manages it in one location. In addition, it presents that content on the best display and sound system that the user owns which in most cases today is a large screen TV and a surround sound system. This paper will concentrate on Apple's Apple TV business, and its complementing iTunes business. Background on the business From its infancy, Apple's computer line of products had a cult following. However, it never enjoyed a large market share. true However, iTunes and the iPod have brought Apple into the mainstream unlike any other product. The
Italian Unification Revision Notes. Italian Politics in 1815
Italian Politics in 1815 The Liberals They were generally non-violent, and were against absolute monarchy and a republican democracy. They favoured constitutional monarchy. The Radicals They wanted social reforms and a fairer distribution of wealth. They were prepared to use violence. Many of them were members of revolutionary secret societies and believed that political power should lie with the people, not with a parliament unless it were elected by all men ad not just property owners. Nationalists They believed that people of the same race, language, culture and tradition should be united in an independent nation of their own. Many nationalists went further demanding a republic. Liberals and radicals supported nationalism and unification as the way forward for Italy. Metternich's view of Italy He adopted an entirely negative stance as these views would undermine Austrian control of Italy. He saw the need to maintain the Italian jigsaw of separate states rules by absolute monarchs. Secret societies played an important part in the revolutions in 1820. These societies are thought to be developed from 18th century freemasonry where men formed themselves into groups pledged to mutual protection with secret passwords and semi-religious rituals. In the 1790s similar groups whose main purpose was to drive out the French had sprung up all over Italy. After 1815 their aims
