Why Do Students Drink?
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY For several decades, binge alcoholic drinking on college and university campuses have been a huge problem. It has caused a huge increase in college deaths and sexual assaults. No effective solution has been made to help decrease these incidents. Instead of trying to ban alcohol on college and university campuses, enforcing alcohol awareness programs for all students will help decrease the number of deaths and sexual assaults. Why Do Students Drink? The main reason to why students drink is to "relieve the stress of school and their personal lives" (Scrivo, 2001). In addition, students drink to get drunk. Students who binge drink have difficultly with their academic performance (Pierce, 2002). On the other hand, to students, alcohol might be consumed in a way to socialize with friends. Fraternities and Sororities Studies have shown that school fraternities and sororities, who "are often viewed as responsible students in positions of authority," have "the highest incident of heavy drinking" (Arenson, 1997) compared to other students who are somewhat and not involved in these groups. About three-fourths of members binge drink every two weeks (Arenson, 1997). Deaths and Alcohol Approximately one-thousand-four-hundred students die every year from alcohol and eighty percent of that is resulted from traffic accidents (Angelo, 2004). Sexual Assaults and
Hybrid and Hydrogen-Based Automobiles.
Hybrid and Hydrogen-Based Automobiles By Table of Contents . INTRODUCTION 1 .1 Purpose .2 Problem .3 Scope 2. DISCUSSION 2 2.1 Hybrids 2.1.1 Process 2.1.2 Parallel and Series Configurations 2.1.2.1 Parallel 3 2.1.2.2 Series 2.1.3 Energy Consumption 4 2.1.4 Environment 5 2.2 Hydrogen 6 2.2.1 Production 2.2.2 Storage 7 2.2.2.1 Hydrogen from Natural Gas 2.2.2.2 Hydrogen from Biomass 2.2.2.3 Hydrogen by Electrolysis 2.2.3 Environment 8 2.2.3.1 Fuel Cells 2.2.4 Safety 9 3. CONCLUSION 10 3.1 Summary 3.2 Future REFERENCES 11 APPENDIX A 12 List of figures and Tables Fig. 1 Parallel Configuration 6 Fig. 2 Series Configuration 7 Table 1 Fuel Efficiency 5 Table 2 Exhaust Emissions 8 . INTRODUCTION .1 Purpose This report provides information concerning two new types of automobiles that have made an impact on oil and energy conservation as well as on the environment. Hybrid and hydrogen-based vehicles are very different automobiles; therefore they will be discussed separately to better describe their characteristics and their impacts on natural
The Importance of the Human Nervous System. The NS is possibly one of the most important systems in the evolution of multi-cellular organisms allowing cells, tissues, organs and even organisms to communicate and regulate both their internal and external e
The Importance of the Human Nervous System Human's ability to survive in often stressful and varying environments directly reflects their ability to maintain a stable internal environment. (1) Human homeostasis refers to the body's ability to physiologically regulate its inner environment to ensure its stability in response to fluctuations in the outside environment. (2) The nervous system (NS) and the endocrine system share responsibility for maintaining homeostasis, their objective is to communicate, control and co-ordinate body activities. (3) The NS regulates this by instantaneous, short-lived and localised response based on electrical impulses as apposed to the endocrine system which responds slowly with long-term processes such as growth and maturation by releasing hormones. (4) Besides maintaining homeostasis, the NS is also responsible for the seat of language, emotion and memory along with voluntary and involuntary movements making it one of the most complex and important systems in the human body. (4) (1) Topographically the NS can be divided into two main subdivisions, the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). (4) The CNS is a massive collection of nerve cells called tracts which are connected in an intricate fashion to sub-serve the higher order functions such as control of movement or the analysis of sensation via integrating and
Effect of exercise on heart rate and arterial blood pressure in young healthy volunteers.
59228 Physiological Basis of Drug Action II |Lab Report Effect of exercise on heart rate and arterial blood pressure in young healthy volunteers. **** **** ? 200636232 Effect of exercise on heart rate and arterial blood pressure in young healthy volunteers. Abstract Background and purpose: The aim of this experiment was to test the effect of mild exercise on heart rate, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in young healthy adults. It was hypothesised that heart rate, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure would increase as it was already known that heart rate increased, pumping more blood throughout the body. It was suggested that the body's requirement for oxygen would cause all 3 values to increase. Experimental approach: Six healthy students had their heart rate and blood pressures read, and then each cycled at a steady pace for 5 minutes. The heart rate and blood pressures were measured immediately after this mild exercise session, and taken again after a 10 minute recovery period. Key results: It was found that heart rate increased dramatically between the rest state and immediately after exercise. After 10 minutes, it had decreased to around the same as the rest state. Systolic blood pressure increased after exercise, and decreased slightly below resting systolic pressure after the recovery period. Diastolic blood pressure
Discuss the use and effects of anabolic steroids on the human body
A Discussion about the Major Components of Punishment and its role as an Effective Behaviour Modification Technique Punishment is a very traditional and frequently used behaviour modification technique; however in the 21st century it is considered to be quite controversial. The factors influencing the effectiveness of punishment are well documented. Although the specific balance required for these components to suppress an undesired behaviour indefinitely is still relatively unknown. The ethical debate over the side effects of punishment is forever ongoing, with little research showing any definite conclusions. In extreme cases, punishment has proven to be a crucial aspect in rapidly decreasing a problem behaviour which may cause serious physical harm. The overall success of punishment as a behaviour modification technique will always be a subjective discussion, which involves one's ethical beliefs at core. The debate surrounding the application of punishment, especially to children, is one that is very topical in the 21st century. However, in the past punishment has been one of the most frequently used techniques in the control and modification of behaviour (Ferster, Culbertson & Boren, 1975). Recent research in this area now disputes many of the traditional viewpoints on the lasting effects of punishment (Parke, 2002). However in certain extreme circumstances punishment
Blood Clotting & Problems
Blood clotting: problems and solutions In today's world blood clotting is known throughout the continent, however the correct terminology would be a thrombus, the clotting of the blood can lead to a variety of problems with the human body, as the human body is an entire physical structure. This essay will explain the threat and problems to blood clotting as well as with many problems with the body there are also solutions, as well as discussing any ethical issues surrounding blood clots. The blood clot was first explained and research by Rudolph carl virchow in 1848, However blood clotting is considered as a very complex process. Below is a basic diagram to show a blood clot: (Blood_clot_diagram.png? (468 × 295 pixels, file size: 77 KB, MIME type: image/png / Author: en:User:Persian Poet Gal / date produced: 2006-12-14) The blood is very important to humans as it is just like oil in a car engine. The blood contains: * Plasma - makes up about 60% of the blood's volume in the body. Plasma is mainly made from water, but contains many different proteins and other chemicals, an example would be hormones. * Blood cells - make up about 40% of the blood's volume. Blood cells are made in the bone marrow by blood 'stem' cells. The blood cells that are in the body are different types; they are red cells and white cells. * Red cells - give blood the red color. A constant new
Comparing and and contrasting the endocrine system with the nervous system in their control of homeostasis.
________________ Homeostasis ________________ ________________ Comparing and and contrasting the endocrine system with the nervous system in their control of homeostasis. Introduction Homeostasis is a process of regulating and constant internal environment in respond to external factors and takes place through biological processes (Thibodeau & Patton 2008). These processes naturalize changes that affect metabolic equilibrium. For life system parameters to be regulated and monitored for its current status it is important for the body to have sensor mechanism (Thibodeau & Patton 2008). The status can be checked against the “set ideal point” and response then would be initiated to restore to normal condition- balance (Thibodeau & Patton 2008). The most important properties, which are regulated, are: temperature, blood pressure, plasma osmolality, oxygen levels and metabolite levels (Bradley & Calvert 2011). Balanced internal environment allows cells to function appropriately. In a situation where plasma potassium level wouldn’t be controlled to set limits, this would affect membranes in excitable tissues which in result lead to hart failure or even death (Bradley & Calvert 2011). Homeostatic processes are based on a feedback loop, which allows to constantly monitoring level of substances or parameters (Bradley & Calvert 2011). Any change of the levels away from
amylase enzyme
Name Simon Henry Opio-Emuna Module: TEP061N Date: 29th. October 2008. Title: The experiment to determine the effect of temperature on the activity of amylase enzyme. Abstract: The rate of reaction was found to increase as the temperature of the environment was raised. As the temperature was raised from incrementally to 4°C, 22°C, 37°C and finally 80°C the rate of reaction followed this trend and also increased. However as predicted in the hypothesis of this experiment when the temperature was raised too high the enzyme would denature. In this experiment the value which the enzyme denatured at was 80°C. To summarize, the temperature of the environment was increased the reaction rate increased until the enzyme denatured. Introduction: Amylase is an enzyme found in the human body and is an important metabolic enzyme. Its function is to catalyze the hydrolysis of starch into glucose. This particular enzyme, which is found in all mammals, speeds up specific digestive processes which take place along the digestive track running from the mouth to the small intestines. Most enzymes are specific, meaning that they only work on a particular reaction or class of reactions. Enzymes are structural proteins which can catalyze a reaction. They cause an increase in the rate of the reaction, while not being consumed in the reaction (Campbell et al., 2002). The amylase enzyme is
What Limits if any should be placed on the use of the following Biotechnologies. Cloning and Embryonic Stem Cell in Research and Treatment
Controversies & Ethical Dilemmas In Science & Technology Department of Humanities Imperial College London What Limits if any should be placed on the use of the following Biotechnologies. Cloning and Embryonic Stem Cell in Research and Treatment In this paper I will discuss the moral issues surrounding Cloning and Stem Cell research biotechnologies and whether appropriate restrictions need to be enforced to address many of the controversial aspects regarding the conduct of research. The use of human embryonic stem cell (hESC) research is associated with many ethical controversies, as during the stem cell harvest process many embryos are destroyed. Many consider the destruction of nascent human life immoral and unethical. [1] To address this issue, the hESC policy debate in the United States focused on enforcing appropriate limits on the use of public dollar contributing to hESC research. [2] Many opponents to embryonic stem cell research believe it is morally unacceptable to fund what they perceive as being a highly controversial area of science. However, during the debate there was little disagreement on the legality of the research, and on August 9th 2001, President George W. Bush favored funding of stem cell research. [3] The guidelines set out by Bush agreed that the federal government should not fund hESC research, which required further destruction of embryos [2]
Isolation and Purification of Egg White Proteins
Title : Isolation and Purification of Egg White Proteins Date : 10 May 2011 Session : Morning (9 a.m. - 12 p.m.) Demonstrator's Name : Yan Qi INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVE The aim of this experiment was to isolate and purify ovalbumin, conalbumin, ovoglobulin present in the egg of the domestic fowl for the first week. In week two, the ion exchanger, carboxymethylcellulose column was used to purify the lysozyme at alkaline pH. Besides that, the effect of pH and heat on the state of tyrosine was investigated. In week three, the determination of protein content of conalbumin, ovalbumin, lysozyme A, B C and D was done by a using a standard curve obtained from the Biuret test on a standard protein solution containing bovine serum albumin. Next, the iron binding capacity of conalbumin will be determined by titrating 'iron-free' conalbumin with Fe3+. In week four, the enzymic activity was measured by its action on Micrococcus lysodeikticus using a spectrophotometer. Furthermore, the point of saturation of the conalbumin with iron was determined. RESULTS Week 1 Volume of egg white collected (mL) 64 Volume of egg used for isolation of ovalbumin and conalbumin (mL) 62 Volume of saturated ammonia sulphate added (mL) 62 Volume of 0.25 M H2SO4 added to supernatant (mL) 9.5 Volume of supernatant