To what extent could Khrushchev's actions precipitating the Cuban Missile Crisis be described as "reckless adventurism", & how true is it to say that "Kennedy's statesmanship won the conflict"?
A. Plan of Investigation To what extent could Khrushchev's actions precipitating the Cuban Missile Crisis be described as "reckless adventurism", & how true is it to say that "Kennedy's statesmanship won the conflict"? The Cuban Missiles Crisis in 1962 was a pivotal point in the Cold War. The highest state of tension was present at this time. Was it Kenney's statesmanship or Khrushchev's recklessness that really contributed to the peaceful outcome of the crisis? My goal is to find out whose character really decided the final outcome. My first paragraph in part B would give the overall picture of the competition between the Soviet Union and the U.S.A. The second part would revolve around the events concerning the Breakdown of Peaceful Coexistence that lead up to the Cuban Missiles Crisis. The final section would center on the crisis itself. I will also evaluate two sources in Part C and analyze the actions of each leader in part D whether or not Kennedy was a statesman or whether or not Khrushchev was a reckless adventurer. I will then draw my conclusion from the analysis and decide which leader had a greater influence on the outcome. B. Summary of Evidence . The Cold War After World War II, a struggle for ideological, economic & military global supremacy between the USA and her allies, & the U.S.S.R and her allies emerged. The struggle, known as the Cold War, was never a
Assess the contribution of local grass root activists in the civil rights movement
Assess the contribution to the civil rights movement of local grass-roots activists The American civil rights movement is perhaps one of the most significant and influential movements of our history. For decades in America the African-American population suffered severely from discrimination, however it was a sequence of events which sparked an entire black nation to demand change. The fact that the country was found on the basis of freedom spoke out to many of the African-American's but it was perhaps after World War Two that the African-American population acted on their feelings, especially as they felt obliged to share the same rights as the white people who fought alongside them. Regardless of the actual reason as to what started this movement it is the variety of factors which contributed to the civil rights movement which are significant. When analysing the effects that the local grass-root activists had on the movement it is also as important in discussing other significant factors such as the influences of Malcolm X, media coverage and government involvement. Martin Luther King Junior and Rosa Parks could be considered two of the biggest names when discussing the Civil Rights movement in America. They both stood for the same idea, equality, as well as their connections with local grass-root activists allowed them to become heavily involved in the movement. It can be
Changing racial attitudes in Colonial and Apartheid South Africa. This piece explores the changing racial attitudes of the white communities of South Africa towards the Coloureds and Blacks, between British take-over and independence.
This piece explores the changing racial attitudes of the white communities of South Africa towards the 'Coloureds' and Blacks, between British take-over and independence. Race will be defined here as "a group descended from a common ancestor"1 This period is interesting as different "groups were brought into contact that had not had contact, or at least, simultaneous contact before"2 Firstly, the resentment of the Boers to the transplantation of European liberal ideas of the time about race to the South African Cape Colony shall be explained. Secondly, the period between the Great Boer Trek commencing in 1836 and the end of the Natalian Vortrekker Republic in 1945 will be outlined as its fundamental to the romantic or ethnic nature of Afrikaner nationalism. Thirdly, the development of segregationist and racial discriminatory policies between then and independence and how these were indicative of the racial attitudes of the time. Even though "the need to 'civilise inferior natives' became part of the justification for the scramble for Africa"3, Britain's main reason for taking control over the Cape Colony in 1806 was economical: to secure a key port on the trade passage to India. In 1833, however, the colonial administration, following having already abolished the slave trade and in line with existing Enlightenment thinking of the time, proceeded to grant equal
To what extent did Great Britains administration of Sudan influence the start of the First Sudanese Civil War, 1955-1972?
To what extent did Great Britain's administration of Sudan influence the start of the First Sudanese Civil War, 1955-1972? Word Count; 1,998 Section A. Plan of Investigation To what extent did Great Britain's administration of Sudan influence the start of the First Sudanese Civil War, 1955-1972? The civil wars of the Sudan are most famously attributed to religious differences between Muslims and Christians, and the uneven distribution of natural resources between the North and South; however as demonstrated in other African countries (namely Rwanda, Angola, and Cameroon), European imperialism is a common cause of instability on the continent. Noting the above, the investigation will strive to see if this byproduct of imperialism holds true in Britain's colonial administration of the Sudan and the subsequent first civil war. It will investigate the origin of British involvement in Sudan, its administration decisions and documents pertaining to the country and reactions of the Sudanese people; particularly regarding the Southern region. The study will then further analyze the publication Sudan: A Country Study and a copy of the proceedings of the Juba Conference, June 1947 for their origin, purpose, value, and limitation in order to add clarity and validity to the argument. To narrow the scope, the paper will not focus on Egypt's effect on the colonial administration, the
What are the major factors that led to the end of the cold war?
What are the major factors that led to the end of the cold war? The Cold War was the "extended worldwide conflict between communism and capitalism that begun in 1947 and concluded in 1989 with the collapse of Soviet power in Europe" (Baylis & Smith, 2007: 770). The Cold War was ended as a result of internal factors such as Gorbachev's reforms, the weak economy of the USSR and the Satellite States breaking away from the USSR, and external factors such as US-Soviet diplomacy, and various treaties being signed that limited arms. In this essay it will be argued that all these factors are important but it was systemic problems that became systemic crises due to Gorbachev's radical reforms that unwillingly initiated the break-up of the USSR, along with the end to the Cold War (Crockatt, 2007: 115). Gorbachev was different to his predecessors, probably because he "wasn't as beholden to the Stalinist Legacy as his predecessors" (Crockatt, 2006: 114). The big reforms of glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) were arguably the most important reforms for ending the Cold War. Glasnost reduced censorship and allowed true popular opinion to emerge, enabling the citizens of the USSR to see how the West was living, making many in the Soviet Bloc unhappy with the comparable living standards and lifestyle (LaFeber 1991: 328). Perestroika was aimed at reforming the economy by
The Cold War was at its most dangerous in the years between 1947 and 1963. In 1962, the Cuban Missile Crisis took place, and became the 'high' point of the Cold War.
Section Assignment 3.2 Part E The Cold War was at its most dangerous in the years between 1947 and 1963. In 1962, the Cuban Missile Crisis took place, and became the 'high' point of the Cold War. In the 19th century the United States had developed a special relationship with Cuba. The United States had supported and sympathized with the Cuban efforts to free herself from the then dominated Spanish Rule. Throughout the early twentieth century, Cuba was ruled by consecutive leaders that had American support, however, following 1952 when Fulgencio Batista came to power in Cuba, there was very little American support, as he executed his enemies and misused the American monetary aid. On the 1'st of January 1959 Batista left Cuba, after continuous fighting with Fidel Castro. Fidel Castro assumed power in Cuba. Castro requested aid from the United States and was denied. Eisenhower considered Castro's actions to be Communist driven, and in January 1961 the United States broke diplomatic relations with Cuba. The problems between Cuba and the United States furthered when John F kennedy became president of the United States in 1961. John F Kennedy had inherited president Eisenhower's scheme to invade Cuba, he authorized the attack in April of 1961. Shortly after nearly fifteen hundred Cuban's who were trained by the CIA as well as supported by the US bombers came ashore at the Bay of
Discuss the role of the United States in European integration initiatives following the Second World War. In what ways did European integration further US self interest?
Julie Jones N0053679 Discuss the role of the United States in European integration initiatives following the Second World War. In what ways did European integration further US self interest? This essay will discuss the involvement of the US in European integration initiatives post World War Two. It will consider the implementation of the US's Marshall Plan, also known as the European Recovery Programme, which as its name suggests, sought to aid Europe's recovery. Further it will explain how the implementation of the Marshall Plan required co-operation between European states and was responsible for the emergence of European institutes such as the OEEC (Organisation for European Economic Development), the ECSC (European Coal and Steel Community) and the EDC (European Defence Community), which promoted European integration. Finally, we shall consider the benefits gained by the US as a result of the Marshall Plan and the fact that these benefits were not only economic but also political. The Marshall Plan was "the most unsordid act in history" according to Winston Churchill (see Harvey Sicherman, 1998 [online]). It was a response to a Europe that had been devastated not only by war but also by the poor harvest and winter of 1946. The US President, Harry Truman, delivered a speech on 12 March 1947 whereby he outlined the terms of US aid known as the Truman Doctrine, and
Leadership Qualities: Fidel Castro.
Brandon Dewald December , 2004 Professor ____________ Business ____________ Leadership Qualities: Fidel Castro Fidel Castro was born on August 13, 1926. As a child, he lived on a farm in the town of Mayari in the province of Oriente. His father was the owner of a 23,000-acre plantation. While he was young, Castro worked in his family's sugar cane fields. He was raised a Catholic, and attended Catholic schools throughout his childhood. In 1945 he enrolled at the University of Havana. During his schooling, Castro expressed his academic interests in politics, sociology, history, and agriculture. Fidel Castro excelled in many areas of academics. However, Fidel graduated in 1950 with a law degree. While in college, he married Mirta Diaz-Balart in 1948, but they soon divorced after a short lived marriage six years later in 1954. A year after they were married, they had a son, Fidel Castro Diaz-Balart, born in 1949. After a callous end to the marriage that resulted in divorce, Fidel had his son kidnapped and taken to Mexico. During the 1940's Fidel Castro became exceptionally knowledgeable of Cuban politics. In 1951 he was a leader in the growing populist political movement led by the Partido del Pueblo Cubano, an anti-Communist nationalist group. At this time, Fidel was expecting to gain the presidency through an election, and planned to run for Congress.
To what extent was nationalism in Africa and Asia in the early 20th centaury a mass movement
To what extent was nationalism in Africa and Asia in the early 20th centaury a mass movement? Answer with reference to at least two regions. Following the end of the Second World War a rapid decline in the world empires had been initiated. As a result numerous nationalist movements arose in various regions which had long been under the influence of an imperialist ruling nation and where now demanding independence from there rulers. This was particularly witnessed in Arab nationalism which emerged in the Middle East and North Africa as well other surrounding regions and so there is no doubt a strong nationalist vibe existed. However the question remains whether or not this idea of nationalism was a mass movement and did this ideology have the backing of the people? In the Middle East the idea of Arab nationalism emerged in the early years of the 20th centaury beginning in west Asia and then spreading to North Africa. One of the primary goals of Arab nationalism was to bring an end or reduce the influence of the western governments on there Arab counter parts, and displace Arab governments who hold western interests. Pan-Arabism is the concept, which calls for the creation of a single Arab state. This idea was held my vast amounts of contemporary Arabs who strongly believed the Arab world should united under one state as it would be much more economically and military
Out of this furnace
Linh Manh Nguyen HIST 1301 Baines Alton February 18, 2009 Out of this furnace "Out of this furnace" is Thomas Bell's most compelling achievement. The author, Thomas Bell grew up in the steel mill town of Braddock, Pennsylvania. His novel reflects the hardships faced by his family during the time when the mills ruled the area. All events in Bell's novel are fictional, however, they create a very realistic plot and are based somewhat upon a true story. "Out of This Furnace" is the story of a Slovak family's immigration to America, it focuses on the life of immigrant workers struggling to survive in the "new country." In this novel, the author refutes capitalistic ideals and the lack of a republican form of government by showing the struggles and success of immigrant steelworkers. The story of three generations of the Kracha family is given in the novel from the first immigrant in the family, George Kracha to the third generation represented by Dobie Dobrejcak. This story still stands as a fresh and extraordinary accomplishment. The reader follows the family as they make their way in America. The story begins in the 1880s with the ingenuous career of Djuro Kracha, the first generation immigrant of the family from Austria-Hungary, who sails to the US to find work and start a new life. He began as a worker in a steel mill - at ten cents an hour. George truly was full of
