The failure of the US and Australian Governments to ratify the Kyoto Protocol reflects the influence of short- term business considerations. Do you agree or disagree with this statement?
The failure of the US and Australian Governments to ratify the Kyoto Protocol reflects the influence of short- term business considerations. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? The Kyoto Protocol is a document signed by about 180 countries at Kyoto, Japan, in December in 1997. The protocol commits 38 industrialized countries to reduce their emissions of greenhouse gases between 2008 and 2012 to levels at 5.2 per cent below 1990 levels. And each of the participating developed countries must decide how to meet its respective reduction goal during a five-year period (2008-2012), but specific ground rules remain to be worked out at future negotiating sessions (Hunter, Salzman, Zaelke, 2002). Since the greenhouse gases is a term used for gases such as carbon dioxide which are mainly generated as a result of burning fossil fuels such as coal, petrol and diesel and the use of these fuels have helped with industrialization enormously. However, it has correspondingly caused a steady increase in the level of carbon rich gases and other pollutants (Faure, Gupta, Nentjes, 2003). As developed countries and industrialized nations, the US and Australian government with the biggest emissions remained silent about specific targets and timetables. Even if the US announced that the protocol would consider flexible targets and timetables, meaning that all the industrialized parties
VHDL, is it easy, or is it not, is it step forward, or just another complication in achieving the final goal?
Mini - Project Abstract VHDL, is it easy, or is it not, is it step forward, or just another complication in achieving the final goal? Do we need another programming language, even if it is meant to put software and hardware together, or we are much better off with pure electronics, soldering the wires, inhaling the fumes? The following report might clarify one's mind about different approaches in designing digital circuits. A sequential synchronous circuit was designed using VHDL programming method, and then expanded based on the knowledge of the electronic components. Program code has been debugged and simulated. The resulting waveforms confirmed the expected operation. On the other hand, some of the circuit components have been designed from scratch using digital design techniques. The procedure then has been compared to the programming method Even though, VHDL programming approach may be seen easier and faster, it should be noted that to actually be able not just to program, but to program well, one must have an appropriate 'vision' of the problem to be able to implement it in the programming code. And that is not a very transferable skill. Therefore it is concluded that although majority of designers will benefit from the usage of VHDL programming, some may encounter certain difficulties and ought to use less advanced techniques. Introduction VHDL (Very high speed
![Synthesis and Characterization of [Co(NH3)4CO3]NO3](https://mbt-essays-prod-public.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/903097/listing/903097_1.jpg)
Synthesis and Characterization of [Co(NH3)4CO3]NO3
Synthesis and Characterization of [Co(NH3)4CO3]NO3 Introduction In this experiment, the main goal is to study the formation and properties of a coordination compound. A coordination compound is composed of a central atom bound to multiple groups called ligands. There is a wide variety of possible ligands that can bond directly to the central atom, but only two common ones, NH3 and CO3, are to be studied in this particular experiment. In the formation of carbonatotetraamminecobalt (III) nitrate, denoted [Co(NH3)4CO3]NO3, the transition metal which serves as the central atom is cobalt. Its first coordination sphere, or everything directly bonded to the cobalt, is four nitrogen atoms and two oxygen atoms. This coordination sphere is represented in the chemical formula with brackets. Because cobalt is involved in six bonds, its coordination number is six, and the structure around the cobalt is octahedral. It is apparent where the four nitrogen atoms come from, since there are three ammonia molecules in the formed complex. However, there is only one carbonate molecule. This ligand is called a bidentate ligand because two of its atoms were bonded to the metal. Thus, the ammonia ligands are all monodentate ligands because only one of their atoms was bonded to the metal. Because the first coordination sphere does not break apart in aqueous solution, it is considered a
Design Case Study - Loudspeaker Crossover Networks
DESIGN CASE STUDY - LOUDSPEAKER CROSSOVER NETWORKS Introduction: Crossover networks are the circuits used in loudspeakers to split the incoming audio spectrum into different frequency bands, this improves the performance of the speaker. Bass woofers can be designed for optimum low frequency response and treble tweeters can be designed for optimum high frequency response. Thus, there is no intermodulation distortion between bass and treble on a single speaker. As a result, the tweeter is protected from low frequencies and more suitable positioning of the woofer and tweeter can be made (woofer near the floor and tweeter higher). Butterworth Responses: The crossover networks used in speakers have a typical response. This response is called a Butterworth response. A characteristic of a normalised Butterworth response is that a value of 1/?2 of the transfer function corresponds to a frequency value of 1 rads-1. Shown below are Butterworth normalised frequency responses: It should be noted that as the order of the filter increases (it contains more reactive components) the steepness of the line increases. This is a desired property as it means there is less crossover between the low and high pass circuits. Analysis of Low-pass networks: As Hn(s) = 1 /Bn(s), component values can be calculated using Butterworth polynomials. Using this 2nd order Butterworth polynomial:
How useful are the calculations of heritabilities in understanding human behaviour? Historically, the study of heritability (defined as the proportion of phenotypic variance that can be accounted for by genetic variance)
Essay n° 3: How useful are the calculations of heritabilities in understanding human behaviour? Historically, the study of heritability (defined as the proportion of phenotypic variance that can be accounted for by genetic variance) has been typically performed on twins, as it was begun by Galton in the nineteenth-century. The conclusions he draw from his observations on twins remained largely accepted by later studies. He wrote that 'The twins who closely resembled each other in childhood and early youth, and were reared under not very dissimilar conditions, either grow unlike through the development of natural characteristics which had lain dormant at first, or else they continue their lives, keeping time like two watches, hardly to be thrown out of accord except by some physical jar. Nature is far stronger than Nurture within the limited range that I have been careful to assign to the latter'(Galton, 1875), and his assumption expressed in the last sentence has been confirmed by several studies, and some contemporary biologists and psychologists still defend it. In this essay, to analyse the main trends of the heritability debate, I will focus mainly on intelligence and IQ data, for intelligence is a trait that has been intensively studied from the heritability perspective. Twin studies are a classical method in heritability researches because they allow the investigator
Historia del Movimiento
Nombre: Julián Camilo Riveros González Fecha: Mayo 30 de 2006 Curso: Octavo A Asignatura: Física Tema: El movimiento y su historia. Objetivo: Desarrollar un ensayo sobre toda las Historia del Movimiento, que vinculen a los grandes Físicos: Galileo, Aristóteles, Copérnico, Newton y Einstein. Historia del Movimiento El movimiento se descubrió y desarrolló por medio de varias teorías planteadas por varios físicos que justificaron y resaltaron su teoría, estas teorías fueron estudiadas y comprobadas; el resultado fue que todas las teorías estaban correctas, sólo que a cada una le faltaba algo para estar completa. Por supuesto los mejores físicos fueron los que se destacaron en plantear estas teorías. Los cinco más importantes personajes, no sólo físicos, para la historia de la humanidad serán nombrados en el presente ensayo, en el cual también se va a describir cada una de las teorías propuestas por estos grandes físicos. El primer gran físico es Aristóteles, que su teoría dice que el movimiento es el paso de la potencia al acto, es decir que el acto de lo que está en potencia, en tanto que está en potencia. Con esta teoría Aristóteles a divide en dos hemisferios; Movimiento sustancial que quiere decir cuando desaparece una sustancia y da lugar a otra, y en el Movimiento Accidental que quiere decir cuando una sustancia se modifica en alguno de
When you were in Reception class,everyone got taught that the world was made of stuff. People were made of skin,bones, teeth, eyes and lots of other stuff. In year 5 we found out thateverything was made up of molecules. There was Water molecules, ai...
When you were in Reception class, everyone got taught that the world was made of stuff. People were made of skin, bones, teeth, eyes and lots of other stuff. In year 5 we found out that everything was made up of molecules. There was Water molecules, air molecules, and coffee molecules. Year 7, and we're getting into atoms, which are made up of protons neutrons and electrons. Then for 5 minutes at the end of year 11 someone said something about quarks. And that's where it ended. But the trouble is that's not the end of the story. When you asked what everything was made of, teachers used to say atoms, and you said, "What are atoms made of?" so they said quarks, and you said "yeah, so what are they made of?" Then the teacher would tell you to shut up and let her carry on with the syllabus. It's actually amazing to say it, so I'll give a small dramatic pause before I do. [Pause] A trillion neutrinos have just passed through your body, on their way to the other side of the universe! A trillion particles, which are so small they can pass through a nucleus without even changing direction! In fact, they can travel through the earth, and the stars virtually unchanged! What exactly is a neutrino then? It's a tiny particle with about 0.0004 times the mass of an electron. There are three kinds of neutrino. - The electron neutrino is produced as part of Beta plus decay - The muon
Environmental Impact Assesment
.0 Introduction Knox community college is a co-educational institution located in Spalding, Jamaica It operates four campuses, namely, Spalding, Cobbla, May Pen and Mandeville. The College started with three academic programs: Pre-university Arts and Sciences, Secretarial Studies and Farm Management. Today, there are over fifty (50) programs in a variety of subject areas such as Continuing Education, Pre-University, Paraprofessional, Vocational, and offering Certificates, Diplomas, associate and Bachelors Degrees. There are thirty departments and sections with closely structured teams. Each team has a department or Sectional head. The Vice -principal is the Academic dean. Knox Community College is the fastest growing community College in Central Jamaica, and probably one of the fastest growing in the island. The Ministry of Education, Youth and Culture accorded Knox Class A. Knox is regarded as a student - centered institution which is geared to meet the educational needs of all students regardless of academic or socio-economic status. Spalding Campus is the original site of Knox Community College. It was founded in 1975 as part of the Knox Complex of Schools, and culminated the vision of the late Rev. Lewis Davidson, founder of Knox to provide education for the people of the surrounding communities and parishes "from the cradle to the grave". The campus has a cafeteria
Can we have free will?
Can we have free will? Everything that happens has a cause and every cause has an effect. Effect strictly follows cause every time. This is an necessary logical tool for humans in understanding the world around them. Because humans understand the concept of time it means that they can then understand that some things always happen after other things. Spotting these patterns allows them to then deliberately cause certain effects by mimicking or instigating the cause they had previously observed. If effect did not follow cause reliably each and every time then it would become very difficult to survive as we learn from repeated exposure to cause and effect what is likely to happen if we do X. However, there is an issue with cause and effect. If every effect has a cause and those causes in turn have their own causes, then surely you can just keep working back to the point of creation? This implies that the impulse to write this essay was pre-determined at the time of the big bang. If what I am doing now was pre-determined, then surely everything I ever will do and everything that will ever happen was also pre-determined at that time. This implies that fate does exist; that we are all just actors in some vast pre-determined play. Many people find this a difficult conclusion to accept. One of the main reasons for this is that it robs life of meaning and robs the
Identify the underpinning philosophy of Coastal Zone Management and will discuss how the UK is adopting this policy at a governmental level.
In this essay the author will identify the underpinning philosophy of Coastal Zone Management and will discuss how the UK is adopting this policy at a governmental level. The author will use quotes, examples, and definitions where appropriate. "Coasts are dynamic interface zones involving the meeting of the atmosphere, land and sea" (Viles, H and Spencer, T 1995:3) This quote highlights that coasts are in a constant rhythm of adjustment due to natural processes. The tools that shape the coasts include waves, tides and currents, which cause sediment movement to occur, giving rise to erosional or depositional coastal features (Viles, H and Spencer, T). In addition, the geomorphology of the land may give rise to 'hard' and 'soft' rock coastlines. Coasts are also home to unique ecosystems, for instance dune and saltmarsh ecosystems and it is possible to find unique species within these regions. Grasses such as Glasswort and Marram Grass can found as well as many birds such as Curlews and Little Egrets. (RSPB, 2005) Viles and Spencer's quote does not mention the interface with humans. This addition of another factor creates an even more dynamic coastline that is affected by human influences. Thus the coast, with the addition of humans, is often referred to as the 'Coastal Zone'. This is defined as: "...the combination of natural features and human activities which may interact
