Is "greed" the explanation for both professional and corporate crime? If not, what else do we have to consider? Can we apply traditional criminological theories to our understanding of white-collar crime?
Criminology Crime In Context Is 'Greed' the explanation for both professional and corporate crime? If not, what else do we have to consider? Can we apply traditional criminological theories to our understanding of white-collar crime? st March 2006 Samantha Harsant Is "greed" the explanation for both professional and corporate crime? If not, what else do we have to consider? Can we apply traditional criminological theories to our understanding of white-collar crime? In 1939 Edwin Sutherland first brought white-collar crime to the forefront of the criminological study. He first coined the term white-collar crime for crimes specifically performed by those in high positions in both society and in business. These were those classed as white-collar employees and included crimes such as fraud, bribery, insider trading, embezzlement, computer crime and forgery. Sutherland's definition of crime states that the white-collar crime is committed by a person of high status and is committed in their place of work. Sutherland conducted a great deal of research into white-collar crime, including "white-collar criminality (1940)" and "white-collar crime (1949), all of which is still highly regarded today and seen by some as controversial. Many criminological theories suggest that an individuals motive for committing crimes are due to class and suggest that the lower classes commit
Crime and violence is a problem that affects all areas of the world, but in the Caribbean region, especially Jamaica, crime and violence has reached endemic proportions.
The University of the West Indies Name: Toni-Jan Pryce Course: Social Psychology Code: PS21D CRIME AND VIOLENCE IN THE CARIBBEAN Crime and violence is a problem that affects all areas of the world, but in the Caribbean region, especially Jamaica, crime and violence has reached endemic proportions. Crime can be defined as an act punishable by law, which is an activity going against the laws of a country. Crime constitutes things like murders (homicides), kidnappings, drug dealings and use, domestic violence and manslaughter among others. Violence on the other hand, is the undue exercise of physical force. This social problem is significant because it is important to evaluate crime, to know how it is generated, why it happens, what its consequences are and how it affects society, so that it can be dealt with in a proper manner and hopefully can decrease it over time. Violent crime in Jamaica has been given wide attention from policy makers and the general population. The sharp increase in crimes of violence in Jamaica has continued without decreasing in strength for two decades. The physical and social landscape of the country has been altered by this violent crime wave. Barbed-wire fences and burglar bars have become a norm in the architecture of the urban areas. One of the fastest growing sectors in Jamaica is the private security sector (Phillips 1988). Phillips also
Biological Perspectives of crime
Biological Prospective of Crime The aim of this essay is to assess biological prospective of crime from a critic point of view. In this essay I will discuss a little background on what is biological criminology and role it plays in our society. I will then critically assess historical theories that explained crime and the emphasis of such theories on biological study of criminology. Discuss genetics and to what extend heredity is accountable for crime. Ague whether this kind of explanations leaves any room for free will. I will also critically examine harmonic and neurotic theories. After looking at various theories I will examine to what degree biological criminality help us understand crime, whether this kind of study leaves any room for free will or if its determinism as well as critically viewing nature or nurture. Born to be criminal was proposed by Franz Gall in early 18th century marking the beginning of biological approach to study of crime. Most work conducted in understanding crime revolves around sociological theories however biological theories continue to play a vital role and important work continues to be done by biological researchers. Modern biological research on crime deals with genetics, neurology and physiology. Fundamentally modern biological research in study of crime proposes variation in biological strengths and weaknesses, and that individuals with
How can research and evidence based practice inform effective interventions with substance misusing offenders?
Student ID No: 481211 How can research and evidence based practice inform effective interventions with substance misusing offenders? This essay will evaluate the application of research findings to the relationship between substance misuse and offending and effective interventions. Following a detailed consideration of government policy and legislation the application of evidence-based interventions in a number of areas will be considered finishing with concluding observations. Government policy, initiatives and legislation The Government launched the Updated Drug Strategy 2002 builing upon, Tackling drugs to build a better Britain, launched in 1998 which briefly involves: prevention measures targeted at young people and suppliers; reducing drug-related crime and its impact on communities; reducing drug use and drug-related offending through treatment and support; reducing drug-related death through harm minimisation. Recognition is given to the input required from many different agencies including criminal justice, health, education and the development of social and economic policy. At present, however there still appears to be over-reliance upon Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 in an unfortunate waste of recources to criminalise and imprison many low level cannabis users and dealers. However, there are positive signs with the proposed declassification of cannabis and
Be Careful this Christmas!
Be Careful this Christmas! It's that time of year again. The trees are up, the children are writing their wish lists, the shops are open those crucial extra few hours, the supermarkets are stocked up with turkeys and salted peanuts, the battle for the Christmas number one is afoot, the nights are getting colder and colder, the Christmas parties loom, the little black dress is due for its annual appearance...and you are due for a drunken night out. With all the planning, shopping and drinking, have you ever stopped and thought about your safety this Christmas? Do you always travel alone? Do you always know exactly what you are drinking? You will be surprised to know that in one club at any one time, 10 drinks could be spiked with drugs. Date rape is on the increase due to an increased availability of the date rape drug. In Preston alone over the last year there have been 61 cases of drink spiking reported, and 6 reported cases of date rape, there may also be just as many unreported incidences. These figures are set to rise dramatically unless more care is taken while drinking. What to Spot! Rapists will be on the prowl this Christmas, so take extra care while downing those drinks. The most popular drug used by rapists is Rohypnol. Rohypnol (or flunitrazepam) is a prescription only tranquilliser which, when mixed with alcohol, sheds ones inhibitions, creates a
What the relationship between drugs and crime?
Kevin(Tingjun Ye) What the relationship between drugs and crime in other words,does the use and misuse of mind-altering substances cause crime In the modern society,the news about "crime" and "drugs" apear in the media in the high frequency.We need to have definitions of crime in order to find out the causes of it and manage to get the solution."Crime" is defined as an action or an instance of negligence that is deemed injurious to the public welfare or morals or to the interests of the state and that is legally prohibited."Drugs" is defined as chemical substances that affect the central nervous system, such as opioids or hallucinogens. They may be used for perceived beneficial effects on perception, consciousness, personality, and behavior.Some drugs can cause addiction and/or habituation.This essay will discuss what is the relationship between drugs and crime. As globalization today,the economic relationship between countries are much closer than the old time.In the meanwhile,it also cause the rampant drug trade all over the world.The worldwide trading provide a plenty of chances to smuggle the illegal drugs or chemicals for drug dealers.These are the people who recognize the commercial profit of illicit drug product and most likely do no use the product they deal in, concerning the personal harms that it can cause.Their offending is seen by the government as serious
Crime and Its Costs, Community Reactions to Crime, & Social Control and the Commitment of the Law
Crime and Its Costs, Community Reactions to Crime, & Social Control and the Commitment of the Law Sirisha Jala SOC 305 David Shield November 29th, 2010 Conventional crime, white-collar crime, organized crime, and victimless crime have enormous financial, physical, and social costs. Among the financial costs of crime are the direct loss of property and its transfer from an owner to a thief. Victims of criminal violence suffer lost wages and hospital expenses. Expenditures on illegal goods and services can be treated as a cost of crime because they divert money from the legitimate economy. Also important are the costs of enforcing the law and the money that people spend for prevention and protection. Conventional crimes of violence include murder, forcible rape, robbery, and assault. Murder often occurs between an offender and a victim who were previously acquainted. Forcible rape and assault also usually occur between a victim and an offender who know one another. Robbery, the use of force or threat of force to steal property, typically involves strangers. In large cities, where crime rates are often high, people frequently assign the task of crime prevention to the formal control agents of the criminal justice system. There is, however, much variation among urban communities, with people most willing to play an active role in crime prevention in socially integrated and
Can terrorism ever be stopped? The existence of terrorism is a threat to civilization but there are ways to discourage terrorism and limit or minimize the destructive consequences of terrorism.In its entirety, though I would tend to say that its h
Can terrorism ever be stopped Terrorism may be well considered one of the most controversial topics today. Since the turn of the century, the postmodern world has seen increasing levels of political, cultural, military and socio-economic disruption, much of these due to a series of terrorist attacks. Terrorism is defined as two styles,the old-style and the new-style.Old-style terrorism is most often associated with nations without states.New-style terrorism draws on globalization and differs from old-style terrorism in its scope,organization structure and means.(Giddens)Before attending in such a discussion one must first consider terrorism as an act of widespread violence, whether on the part of a state or individual, against another state or society, with the ultimate goal of forcing the latter party to give up the formers demands."Terrorist acts constitute an attack equally upon the individual separately considered; the society in which he lives; the state which he belongs; and the international community if which he forms part. "(Robert A. Feary; Los Angeles California, 1976)With such a definition we find that terrorism is unacceptable in majority of occurrences,but we cannot be sure that is the case for a few but highly controversial situations. The existence of terrorism is a threat to civilization but there are ways to discourage terrorism and limit or minimize the
The Threat of Nuclear, Biological or Chemical Weapons and Terrorism.
THE EFFECTS OF LEADERSHIP STYLE ON RECRUITING Abstract: Less than 18 pounds of plutonium or 55 pounds of highly enriched uranium are sufficient to make a nuclear bomb, and these materials circulate in civilian nuclear commerce by the ton. A study prepared for Nuclear Control Institute by five former U.S. nuclear weapons designers concluded that a sophisticated terrorist group would be capable of designing and building a workable nuclear bomb from stolen plutonium or highly enriched uranium with potential yields in the kiloton range. A 1 kiloton (KT) nuclear weapon is equal to 1,000 tons of TNT, while a 1 megaton (MT) is equal to 1,000,000 tons of TNT. Reactor grade plutonium, which is stored and circulated around the world in civilian nuclear commerce, can be used to make effective and devastating weapons (nci.org). There have been documented attempts by al Qaeda to acquire nuclear material and unclear weapon design information. Dirty bombs are also known as radiation dispersal devices (RDDs) are weapons that use conventional explosives to disperse radioactive materials, thereby augmenting the injury and property damage caused by the explosion. The capability of an RDD to cause significant harm is strongly dependent on the type of radioactive material used and the means used to disperse it. Previous terrorist attempts at weapons of mass destruction (WMD) production
This essay will look at why do youth justice professionals argue for a reduction in the use of incarceration for young people and why has it been unsuccessful.
Young people and Crime This essay will look at 'why do youth justice professionals argue for a reduction in the use of incarceration for young people and why has it been unsuccessful'. Muncie believes that "Youth justice is an area of social control prone to conflict, ambiguity and unintended consequences" (2004, pg 155). This confusion stems partly from the historical dual purpose of care and punishment. It is also related to the pivotal position 'troublesome youths' hold in politically-inspired law and order discourses. Burrell (2002) states that "The number of children behind bars has risen above 3,000 for the first time and the government's youth crime chiefs have warned ministers about the rise in those aged 12 and 13 years old being locked up". The youth justice board revealed that there are 10 children aged 12, 75 children aged 13 and 175 aged 14 now being incarcerated in England and Wales. Burrell (2002) stated that "The number of children in custody under 14 has risen by 75 per cent since last year". Arnold (2008) believes that "If an individual is under the age of eighteen, he or she should still be considered a child and treated appropriately by the legal system". Arnold (2008) argues that "Contrary to current beliefs, children should not be treated as adults because juvenile justice system proves more beneficial to helping children". This is true as children