Social Identity and Social Comparison in a Collegiate University System
Social Identity and Social Comparison in a Collegiate University System Introduction The traditional collegiate system of Durham University is unique to just three universities with in the UK: Cambridge, Oxford and Durham. In total there are 15 colleges at Durham University, 13 of which are in Durham city, the remaining 2 based in Stockton at the Queens Campus. Once becoming a member of a college a student will remain in that college for their period within the university, graduate in the college gown, have the opportunity to attend college social and formal events and participate in college societies and sports teams. The college a student becomes a member of will inevitably become a major part of their university life and identity. The Stockton campus was established in 1992 and was opened by the Queen in 1993, with the two colleges, George Stephenson and John Snow, opening within the first 6 years, therefore making them the most similar in age out of the total 15 colleges. They are also very similar in size, George Stephenson having 900 members and John Snow 850. Students applying to colleges at the main Durham campus have the opportunity to apply to specific colleges on application; however those applying to the Stockton campus do not have this option and are assigned to either of the colleges once accepted into the university. Background theory Henri Tajfel
This assignment will analyse critically key ethical, attitudinal, political issues and historical development of sexuality in relation to people with learning disabilities and services. This assignment will explore Task B, which is based on a young man w
Introduction This assignment will analyse critically key ethical, attitudinal, political issues and historical development of sexuality in relation to people with learning disabilities and services. This assignment will explore Task B, which is based on a young man with learning difficulties experience of sexual education or rather lack of sexual education at his school. The young man called Simon experienced exclusion from sexual education, his headmaster advised other pupils to speak to him about anything they were unsure of regarding sexual health; however when Simon approached him to discuss sexual health he advised him to speak to his support teacher called Mrs Hewitt. Mrs Hewitt advised him that he did not need the knowledge of condoms, Simon, who is gay wanted to speak to Mrs Hewitt about his sexuality who inadvisably replied he could not be gay "because it wasn't nice" (Carson, 2002; P207). In relation to task B this assignment will look at the headmaster Mr Bentley and Simon's support teacher Mrs Hewitt's approach to working with Simon. It will also look at ethical implication of Mrs Hewitt's advice to Simon. The assignment will conclude by exploring philosophical and policy changes that is needed in mainstream schools to ensure that young people like Simon had a more inclusive experience of sexual education. Historical issues of sexuality Mr Bentley and Mrs
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POVERTY AND SOCIAL EXCLUSION IT'S THE POOR WOT GETS THE BLAME (song, Anon). CONTENTS 'It's the poor wot gets the blame' (song, Anon). How might this be reflected in recent debates about poverty? 3 REFERENCES 15 BIBLIOGRAPHY 19 APPENDICES 20 APPENDIX 1 21 APPENDIX 2 22 WORD COUNT 3363 'It's the poor wot gets the blame' (song, Anon). How might this be reflected in recent debates about poverty? In order to highlight the actual meaning attached to living in poverty, for both individuals and families alike, this paper will steer the reader through the somewhat complicated arena of the poverty debate. It will offer various definitions of poverty and challenge the many assumptions of the actual levels of poverty currently seen in Britain. It will look at the cost of poverty, both public and private and, finally, it will review the issues raised through the ongoing poverty debate. In our technology rich world of video conferencing, open government and the Internet can we continue to claim that there are those who fall by the wayside and somehow carry on living in poverty in Britain today? Have not recent government initiatives, targeted at reducing poverty (national minimum wage, working tax credits and children's tax credits) reduced poverty and the effects of poverty? Should we not simply be in agreement with the then Secretary of State for Social
Discuss both the 'how' and 'why' of addiction, focusing on the main models that sought to explain the process of addiction, as well as the reasons why certain individuals, unlike others, finish up victims of a severe drug dependency.
Introduction Peele, Brodsky, and Arnold (1991:133) cited in Dowieko (1993:11) maintain that '[addiction] is not an all-or-nothing thing, but a continuum from moderate excess to severe compulsion'. With this citation in mind, I will attempt to discuss both the 'how' and 'why' of addiction, focusing on the main models that sought to explain the process of addiction, as well as the reasons why certain individuals, unlike others, finish up victims of a severe drug dependency. Nonetheless, I will start this essay by briefly exploring the terminology and provide a definition of those concepts that by their very own nature are central to the conceptual understanding of the process of chemical dependency - chemical use, abuse and addiction. I will finish off this essay by pointing at the way drug addiction would typically act upon both the individual and society. Definitions of Chemical Use, Abuse and Addiction As a starting point, it might be important to keep in mind that even if chemical use, abuse and addiction are distinctive concepts, yet there is hardly any consensus concerning their definitions or diagnosis. Indeed, Fishbein and Pease (1996) explain how definitions of various forms of chemical use and abuse vary among cultures and how the distinction between chemical use and abuse, for instance, can be confusing and biased by subjective value judgments and personal
"Discuss the notions of exclusion and inclusion and relate these to the increase or decrease in local crime rates".
"Discuss the notions of exclusion and inclusion and relate these to the increase or decrease in local crime rates" Through the ages of philosophy, philosophers tried to find out why poverty divides people into separate groups. The discussion about poverty, but in the new shape, continues until now. Books are written, conferences are held about new social evil, recently discovered - social exclusion. Poverty, unemployment and social exclusion are separate issues but tend to go hand in hand with one another. So sometimes I will be focusing at one of the issues but always with social exclusion in mind. First of all I am going to look at the definition of 'social exclusion', then go on to look at who and how many people fall into this category, government initiatives and the impact that being socially excluded or included has on crime, the individual and society. Exclusion I am aware of the difficulty of defining social exclusion due to its complex nature. The governments early definition is quite broad and limited. Their definition of social exclusion is "linked problems such as unemployment, poor skills, low incomes, poor housing, high crime environments, bad health and family breakdown". By 2001 the Governments definition has broadened considerably. They said that "social exclusion is something that can happen to anyone. But some people are significantly more at risk
Marx Vs. Weber
Marx Vs. Weber During the nineteenth century, Karl Marx and Max Weber were two of the most influential sociologist. Both their views on the rise of capitalism have various similarities and differences. They believe that capitalism is relatively new to the modern world. Their views differ on the rise of capitalism. Regardless of Marx and Weber's differences, both theorists agree that capitalism is a system of highly impersonal relations. Karl Marx was born on May 5, 1818 to the father of a Jewish lawyer. As a young student Marx often read works written by Hegel. From school, Marx wrote to his father of his feelings on Hegel. He had found a disliking for those Hegelians who sought to "draw atheistic and revolutionary conclusions from Hegel's philosophy" (Granat Encyclopedia, pg.153) In order to better understand the views of Marx we must look at the philosophy of Hegel. German philosophy in the nineteenth century was dominated by the ideas of Hegel. Hegel's philosophy was based on the concept of idealism. By looking at prior philosophers one will see that Hegel's philosophy was similar to that of Immanuel Kant. Kant was interested in the study of knowledge. Kant had argued that ideas or concepts are apriori. Apriori ideas are one which exists before one's knowledge of the world, which is ideas are not empirical. Hegel's philosophy was an expansion on the
The scientific field of microbiology.
Science has made incredible progress in the last few centuries. The accelerated pace of discovery is clearly visible by the difference in the relative numbers of scientific disciplines today compared to the number back three or four hundred years ago. Many scientific discoveries have paved the way for the either the blending of scientific fields or the specialization of a scientific field. Microbiology, or the study of microorganisms and their effects on living creatures, is of the latter type. Closely related to pathophysiology and the origin of disease, microbiology is a relatively new science. The advances and discoveries made by early microbiologists were so revolutionary that they clearly changed the way physicians and pathologists viewed the disease process and the living world. The revolutionary aspect of these discoveries can be compared to Newton's discoveries or Einstein's theories of relativity. However, it was many years before the fundamentals of microbiology were accepted by a wide majority of scientists. By examining the history and advancements in the field of microbiology, we can identify the individuals whose work had the greatest impact on the public acceptance of microbiology and the disease process in Europe in the 18th and 19th centuries. Early Beliefs The scientific field of microbiology actually has two separate origins; research into the
The importance of classes.
Introduction: The important of classes According to Pulzer who write an analysis of British politics in the 1960s: "Class is the basic of British Party policits; all else is embellishment and detail." (Bentley. R, Dobson.A Grant. M, Roberts. D, 2002, British Politics in focus, second edition) In recent years notions of urban underclass and social exclusion have been increasingly used in discussions of poverty, inequality and justice. This is apparent in both political philosophy and sociology. This paper identifies the variety of ways in which 'urban underclass' and 'social exclusion' has been conceived. Definitions, debates, and the policy issues that arise are systematically dealt with. Finally, the urban policy relevant of the 'social exclusion' paradigm are discussed and further policy implications are identified. Section 1: The conept of "urban underclass" The term "underclass" was first used as an economic concept by G Mydal in 1962, referring to those being marginalised and exclude of the labour market as a result of structural economic change: the chronically umempolyed, the underemployed and the unemployables because if servere disability or long term sickness. Although the underclass concept was first used by liberals, it was taken over in the earlt 1980s by the American New Right and it was used to blame the poor people for attacking welfare programmes.
How has the modern welfare state responded to the needs of working class women, and why?
UNIVERSITY OF WALES COLLEGE NEWPORT BA (HONS) COMMUNITY STUDIES TUTOR: ROB GRIFFITHS STUDENT: 10021929 SOCIAL POLICY AND SOCIAL RELATIONS HOW HAS THE MODERN WELFARE STATE RESPONDED TO THE NEEDS OF WORKING CLASS WOMEN, AND WHY DATE SUBMITTED: 15.4.2002 How has the modern welfare state responded to the needs of working class women, and why? Post war society has undergone profound changes.The move away from the post war consensus of welfare services towards the mixed economy of welfare that we see today, began under the Labour government in the late 1970's but was hugely influenced by the incorporation of' new right' ideology into main streamConservative party politics when they came into power in 1979. This essay will attempt to examine how recent and current policies affect women in the area of employment and health. The impact of these policies specifically on working class women will be considered in relation to their needs and aspirations. The reason why such polices have been pursued and implemented will be analysed to include changes of approach that may have been accepted. Finally the impact of factors such as the interaction between gender and social class and how that determined the experience of welfare state provision for women will be judged The structure of the British workplace saw huge changes in the post war decades. Across the nation more and
Can we predict which infants will grow up to offend?
Can we predict which infants will grow up to offend? Positivist criminology's vision was to become so advanced that criminologists could differentiate a criminal before they committed crime. Positivism emerged in the late 19th century and endeavoured to utilise scientific methodology to explain crime and criminals. Early positivist thinkers such as Cesare Lombroso 1836-1909, who originated the theory of `criminal type', suggested that criminals had physical attributes that could identify them. This crude evaluation of criminals has evolved, positivist scientific approaches now, centre on the root causes of crime while an individual may commit offences they suggest that the causes lie in social conditions. This paper will discuss Control Theory, while focusing on social control, informal controls and why is it that some individuals do not commit crime, in answering that question this paper aims to answer the essay question Can we predict which infants will grow up to offend? Control theory is a general label given to those approaches to crime that, rather than seeking to explain why people commit crime, ask, why it is people do not commit crime. This is in parallel contrast to most other theories whereby the interest is on the causation of the offender. The basis for this approach is a cynical view of human nature, the belief that we are by nature inclined to commit criminal
