Cisc v risc. To begin this assignment , I will outline the definition of cisc and risc . Cisc stands for complex instruction set computing and Risc stands for reduced instruction set computing . these two concepts are both types of instruction sets used
Cisc v Risc Introduction: To begin this assignment , I will outline the definition of cisc and risc . Cisc stands for complex instruction set computing and Risc stands for reduced instruction set computing . these two concepts are both types of instruction sets used in computer architecture for processors and microprocessors . computer architecture is a way of examining the structure of a computer, we mainly focus on the how the cpu performs internally and how it accesses addresses in computer memory. The objective of the microprocessor is to advance the performance of the machine. Performance can be defined as the amount of work a processor can do in a set time . In order to improve the computers performance we would have to increase the speed of how we process these instructions or else make these instructions more complex so they will perform more work, but we can't have both. Speeding up the instructions (cisc) means changing the clock speed of the computer , while making the instructions more complex (risc) means we will require more power to process them. An real life analogy of this instruction set concept would be to take a bike for example , if we are in a low gear we can pedal really fast to get where we are going but in a high gear we can go the same distance but we require more power to push the pedals. In the following sections I will try and explain the two
Examine the reasons for the existence and localities of biodiversity hotspots.
Supervision 2: Examine the reasons for the existence and localities of biodiversity hotspots "I have never experienced such intense delight... such a plenitude of forms, colours, behaviours-such a magnitude of Life! What explains the riot?" - Darwin (1851) "The current massive degradation of habitat and extinction of species is taking place on a catastrophically short timescale, and their effects will fundamentally reset the future evolution of the planet's biota." - Novacek & Cleland (2001) Biodiversity may be regarded as 'the number, variety and variability of living organisms' (MacDonald, 2003: 406). Whilst global variation in biological diversity has long been a source of fascination, it has recently been the basis for increasing concern (Tilman, 2000). Awareness of the extent and rate of the current biodiversity crisis (or the 'sixth extinction', as termed by Leakey & Lewin, 1996) has led to a significant re-assessment of the role of biodiversity in ecosystem functioning and the scope for policy intervention to enable its preservation, exemplified by the international ratification of the Convention on Biodiversity in 1992. The identification and analysis of spatial patterns of biodiversity has been central to conservation goals of maximum preservation at the least cost (Reddy & Davalos, 2003). The hotspots approach is one of many methods for delimiting areas of
Criminal Justice, Miscarriages of justice
Criminal Justice in England and Wales Miscarriages of justice Everyone agrees that the aim of the law is to achieve justice. Many argue that justice is the ultimate goal to which the law should strive. But what does the word 'justice' mean? Kelson, whose theories were first published in 1911 and further developed in his General Theory of Law and State published in 1945, suggested that it is not scientifically possible to define justice because it is simply a matter of individual preferences and values. However in simple terms, 'justice' means 'fairness'. Clearly what is 'fair' to one person may be regarded as unfair to another but, although it is impossible to agree everything, it is hoped consensus can be reached in a society on many features of a 'just' legal system. There are two basic definitions of justice within the law- formal (or procedural) justice substantive justice. Any state has a legal system through which justice is dispensed. The whole process of enforcing legal rules is formal justice. If someone breaks the legal rules the state takes action. The state dispensing 'justice.' Formal justice may be defined as: 'The following of legal rules and treating like cases alike.' Formal justice is about applying the rules fairly to everyone. It is a fundamental principle that one should be above the law and those who administer the law should do so without
Observation in Magistrate Courts
Magistrates Court Observation This essay will attempt to give a detailed account of an observation in a Magistrates Court. With reference to history from authors such as Skyrme and official web sites, put together by the magistrates association. In the latter part of the twelfth century, in 1195 King Richard I 'commissioned certain knights to preserve the peace in unruly areas' (magistrates-association). Their responsibilities were to the Crown, and included the maintenance of the law and to enforce it as far as possible. From this time on, the Bench, or the Magistrates as we know them now were known as 'Keepers of the Peace'. An Act in 1327, made it law that 'good and lawful' men were to be 'appointed in every county to 'guard the peace'; Justices of the peace still have the power over disruptive and disorderly people. The power and decisions made are not of a punishment, but more as a deterrent to prevent the offender from recommitting the crime (magistrates-association). It was not until 1919 that women were able to become magistrates. This was when the removal of the Sex Disqualification Act came into practice. On the 31 December 1919, Mrs Ada Summers, Mayor of Stalybridge became the fist female magistrate. Then on the first January 1920, at least six other women were appointed to the same post. From year to year this number had significantly increased and
Why did witch hunting become so intensive in late sixteenth century England?
Tessa Eaton Why did witch hunting become so intensive in late sixteenth century England? During the late sixteenth century much was blamed on magic, and those accused of it. In a biblically aware society thy believed evil had to be rooted out. "Do not allow a sorceress to live"1 Bad weather, the death of live-stock, a bad harvest or spoiled butter were many problems blamed on witches, and "cunning folk" or "wise women" were called upon to counter act such curses. There were two types of magic in these times: high magic (black magic) and low magic (white magic). Low magic was generally accepted, as it was used by the cunning folk; while high magic was a capital offence. Why then did the numbers of accused witches increase? Lotherington suggests that witch-hunts were due to the fear of women. He says witches tended to be women past childbearing2, so were of no benefit for their community, and around eighty-percent of those accused of witchcraft were women3. Paul Thomas4 agrees with Lotherington that it was mainly women who were persecuted; large numbers of women were hanged after being accused of maleficium (doing of harm to people or property) by their neighbours. Thomas says that the witch-craze was a "broyle against old women"5. Contemporary evidence supports this, for example George Gifford6, a Protestant priest from Essex, who wrote two books on witchcraft, in
Kearsley (2002) has said that "if this film (Lord of the Rings) achieves half of what is expected, it will be massive for New Zealand - Critically examine the impact of the film of New Zealand tourism policy.
Kearsley (2002) has said that "if this film (Lord of the Rings) achieves half of what is expected, it will be massive for New Zealand". Critically examine the impact of the film of New Zealand tourism policy. The Lord of the Rings was written by J.R.R. Tolkien in 1954 and has become one of the most well known and read books in history. Christmas 2001 saw the long awaited release of the first part of the film trilogy directed by New Zealander Peter Jackson. The films took eighteen months to make and were filmed on location in New Zealand at a cost of more than £200 million (Newsround, 2001). The book itself was a massive hit worldwide and the films look set to be just as successful. The first in the trilogy, "The Fellowship of the Ring" has won four Oscars (Syfy Portal, 2002) and five Baftas (Gibbons, 2002). This essay aims to examine whether "The Lord of the Rings" will be as much of a success for New Zealand's tourism industry as it has been for it's director, Peter Jackson and the impact that the film has already had on New Zealand's tourism policies. New Zealand is about the same size and shape as Great Britain but with a much smaller population. A population of 3.8 million makes it one of the world's least crowded countries (Tourism New Zealand, 2002). New Zealand's landscape varies dramatically from "vast mountain chains, steaming volcanoes, sweeping
Role of The Ombudsman
PUBLIC LAW 1: ASSIGMENT 2 971 Words An essay on the ombudsmen _____________________________________________________ This essay considers the role of ombudsmen in resolving disputes in contrast to the role played by the judiciary. In answering this question it will be noted that the ombudsman system does not overlap with the judiciary, but rather, it closes the gaps created by the judiciary. It will be argued that although the system has advantages over the judiciary, it also has limitations. Though the question refers to ombudsmen in general, the essay will make reference to the Parliamentary Commissioner for Administration in discussing the role played by ombudsmen how this role may be improved. Introduction The ombudsman has emerged as an effective method of dispute resolution in today's world. Its ideologies have been accepted widely as an attractive alternative to litigation. Consequently, it provides the public with remedial action where none is available through courts. Unlike courts, the ombudsman's services are cost effective, flexible, and informal. These qualities have contributed to its success in seeking justice against bad decisions. The origin The ombudsman concept has existed since the 19th century. Sweden was the first country to introduce an 'ombudsman' whose role was to investigate complaints from ordinary citizens.1 However, it wasn't until 1967
CARING FOR CHILDREN. Care arrangements, roles, regulations and responsibilities
Care arrangements, roles, regulations and responsibilities What care is available to a child/young person? How is this care organised to ensure that the child/young person's best interest come first? Foster Care People who would like to become foster carers have to pass rigorous checks and clear an enhanced CRB, They also have to go through numerous tests and interviews. Also there family members and close friends all have to be considered and CRB checked. Respite Care Respite care is a particular type of care which is planned to try and fit in with things such as family holidays and with families to allow them to have a little break with children who require constant attention. This care also has care plans for each and every child/young person who may hold residence there throughout the year, these care plans are updated and they meet the needs of both the child and family. Adoption Before you can adopt parents and family members again are put through different tests and checks. A CRB is carried out and the organisation will interview referees who know you and your family as well as organise for you to have a full medical examination. Once you are consider suitable for adoption you then have to be matched with the right child. This works by making sure that you will meet the needs of a child, this process can take many months and possibly years! Residential care
A look at the Origin, Stigma/Discrimination and Government Involvement with AIDS in the United States of America and African Countries
AIDS Anyone can have it, Internationally feared, Deadliest Sickness A look at the Origin, Stigma/Discrimination and Government Involvement with AIDS in the United States of America and African Countries Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, AIDS, is now known as being one of the most deadliest and incurable viruses in the world. AIDS snuck into America in the beginning of the 1980's, then exploded in what seemed a matter of moments. America would soon learn that this was not just a health problem in the "immoral" cul-de-sacs of American but an international epidemic affecting all types of life. Today's youth see's a constant fight in curing and eliminating AIDS around the world; however, this has not always been the case. AIDS has been most publicized in the United States and African countries. This paper will compare the origin of AIDS, the stigma and discrimination of AIDS and the government involvement with AIDS in the United States and African countries. Individuals who first appeared with AIDS in America during the early 1980's were diagnosed with Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP), which is usually found in people with poor immune systems. 1 However these individuals who were sick did not have poor immune system, but the individuals were homosexuals. As more and more homosexual males appeared to have the disease, it became labeled as GRID (gay related immune
'Repressive and emotionally cold'. Is this a true reflection of relations between parents and children in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century England?
344885 2486 'Repressive and emotionally cold'. Is this a true reflection of relations between parents and children in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century England? In sixteenth and seventeenth century England the parent-child relationship is often considered in emotional terms very different to the relationship we see today. Without doubt there are exceptions, but on the whole we tend to perceive these relationships in terms of altruistic love. Parents selflessly provide love and affection for their children, without exposing them to cruelty or any injustice. In regards to early modern Britain, some historians argue that this has not always been the case and that 'Repressive and emotionally cold' is a statement that can be applied to parenthood in sixteenth and seventeenth century. Scholars from this school of thought understand that parental altruism is somewhat a modern occurrence that began to occur with the rise of the sentimental family amid the industrial revolution. With industrialisation trade and industries began to develop and families tended to work separately. This led to the family no longer having to be relied upon for primarily economic reasoning leaving a whole new space open for love and affection. The supporters of this school of thought advocate the theme of change. 1 Lawrence Stone, for example suggests that children were simply viewed in this period as
