Using MASTAN2 to investigate the effect of applied forces on structures
University of Edinburgh Computer Methods in Mechanical Engineering 3 Computing Project Neil Gibson 0675180 20/02/09 . INTRODUCTION In the construction of any type of frame structure it is necessary to investigate the effects of any loads that may be acting on the structure and how it reacts against these loads. This is very important to investigate as it determines whether or not the structure will fail or deform in a critical way. MASTAN2 is a program within MATLAB, which allows the user to create a model of the frame to be analysed and apply the loads that will be acting on it to determine important information such as the bending moments, axial forces, shear forces and deflected shape to name a few. The tasks for this project have been split into two questions; the aims of the first question are as follows: * Create a plane frame in MASTAN2 with the specifications detailed in the question under the full factored load (fig. 1) and perform a first order analysis * Determine the size of the joint stiffness matrix K and its partitions KFF, KFR, KRF, KRR * Write the full member stiffness matrix for member 4 and rotate it to structure directions * Draw complete bending moment diagrams for all the members and indicating the maximum bending moment values and the locations of the points of contraflexure * Locate the maximum bending moments along the span of members 3
Is Collective Security Fundamentally Different to Realism?
Is Collective Security Fundamentally Different to Realism? The realist theory of international relations has dominated the discipline since its inception. Yet, this 'pessimistic' view of the world holds out little hope for lasting peace and security. An alternative vision of world politics, collective security, has attempted to devise a system to achieve this peace, but does it substantially differ from its perceived antithesis? This essay shall begin with some necessary definitions; of realism and the 'ideal' form of collective security. The former is identified as the basis of 'power politics' and the dominance of states as international actors. The definition of collective security shows its incompatibility, in its 'ideal' form, with realism. However, the focus of this essay will turn to the practicality of the 'ideal' form. It will be seen that the League of Nations, closest to putting this theory into practice, failed in the face of realism. An alternative version of collective security, the 'concert' system, will then be examined, but it will be seen how this implicitly relies on the realism it purports to deny. This essay concludes that in the transfer of collective security ideals into practice, realism becomes its dominant theory. Realism is the school of thought that sees the international system as one of anarchy, with no authority to provide order amongst
Contract Law
Law - Coursework Assessment 1 Weston LTD v Bloggs & Co This case presents two problems, firstly under the obligations set out in the contract the traders were required to finish all works by a deadline which was set for the end of November. Secondly the paint specified by the customer did not perform as said by the supplier and had peeled away from the pier after a 6 month period, the supplier had specified it would last 10 years. "Contract is distinctively about the voluntary assumption of obligation; it expresses this idea more directly. So for example, the standard modern account of the distinction between contract and tort has it that, whereas in tort the duties are fixed by law and are owed to persons generally, in contract the obligations are fixed by the parties themselves and are owed to specific persons." (Roger Brownsword - Modern Contract Law themes for the 21st century) This situation is generally about Breach of Contract, which concerns the two or more parties involved in the contract to uphold an agreement or promise. A valid contract requires: (1) an agreement; (2) an intention to create legal relations; and (3) consideration (unless the Contract is made by deed). Whilst each of these three requirements receives separate treatment, they must in reality be looked at together. In the case; Ailsa Craig Fishing Co Ltd v Malvern Fishing Co Ltd [1981] It was
I would like to analyse a key social problem such as 'football hooliganism' from a sociological perspective and critically evaluate the proposition that a social problem such as this is created by society.
COMMUNITY AND THE POLICE Introduction I would like to analyse a key social problem such as 'football hooliganism' from a sociological perspective and critically evaluate the proposition that a social problem such as this is created by society. Football hooliganism is very difficult to define, mainly because the media have been extremely flexible and indeterminate in ascribing the 'hooligan' label to different incidents. Football hooliganism occurs at local, national and international levels and is by most to mean disorder involving football fans. Usually this involves criminal activity and in most, but certainly not all, cases occur either at or just before or after a football match. Much football crowd disorder is spontaneous, but a lot is prearranged by gangs (or 'firms') who attach themselves to football clubs and arrange to meet, and fight, firms from other clubs. The seventies and eighties saw some of the most violent and devastating scenes ever witnessed, and these incidents were covered in sickening detail by the media and whether a football fan or not, there can be few people who do not remember the disasters at Hillsborough and the Heysel stadiums where in total 137 lives were lost, 98 at Hillsborough and 39 at Heysel. Having discussed Hillsborough, John Williams of the Sir Norman Chester Centre for football Research (SNCCR) goes on to say, "This was not
Hypochondriasis: Treatment with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and How I'm Getting My Life Back
Hypochondriasis: Treatment with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and How I'm Getting My Life Back Daniel Fontaine Psychology 101 November 2012 The word hypochondriasis is derived from ancient Greek word hypochondria . It is made up of hypo-, meaning “under,” and khondros (khondria is the neuter pleural), meaning “cartilage”, specifically the cartilage of the breastbone. The word reflects the belief that the viscera of the hypochondria was the source of vapor that caused anxiety and melancholy. Hypochondriasis is the modern medical term for the condition and hypochondria is considered the lay term. Hypochondriasis is a disorder in which the patient misinterprets normal bodily symptoms such and a headache, or a cough as much more serious diseases. A typical hypochondriac may interpret symptoms of the common cold as symptoms of lung cancer. He/she may go to the doctor, be tested for different diseases, only to seek help from different physicians when the results turn up negative. Hypochondria is on the spectrum of anxiety disorders, but also has traits of somatization disorders. However, a hypochondriac's chief focus is not symptoms, but the cause of them. Hypochondria has been around since ancient times and is one of the oldest disorders documented. has been considered the male counterpart to hysteria, since hysteria was considered the symptom
"Mildred Pierce" and the changing nature of gender roles in 1940s America
Introduction to Theories of Film MODULE: 2FTP411.2 In which ways does Mildred Pierce (Curtiz, 1945) provide us with an insight into the changing nature of gender roles in 1940s America? The fourth decade of the nineteenth century started on the battlefield, in the middle of a clash for power. The armed conflict strengthened the ideological and political differences between nations, which had been subtly expressed until this point through culture and civilisation. One of the most poignant approaches of revealing or irreversibly distorting the reality of war was through the use of celluloid. Films, apart from being visually arresting, are also capable of framing and sculpting a low-relief of a country's specific. Cinema encloses distinguishable traits which illustrate the social fresco, describing the changing nature of genres within film history and of genders within historical backgrounds. One of the targeted countries during the conflagration was USA, which was influenced by the the aftermath of the war in an unexpected way. The particularities of the American status, which recommended its citizens as cinephiles, sovereignty enthusiasts and aficionados of the idea of “self” were moulded by the unforeseen demands of the war. Besides the crisis which emerged in the emotional sphere, as the ferocious war amputated parts of the family apparatus, the revolution of the
Is it Fair to Blame the Audio-Visual Mass Media For a Lowering of Standards in Society with Regard to Sex and Violence?
Josh F Keeler 30/10/01 Personal Writing: Non Fiction Is it Fair to Blame the Audio-Visual Mass Media For a Lowering of Standards in Society with Regard to Sex and Violence? Ever since modern audio-visual media has become widely available to the general public, there has been a gradual increase in screen sex and violence, which has coincided with a progressive decline in behaviour and attitude towards sex and violence in society today. As new, daring directors perfect their latest scary horror movie, setting new levels in screen violence, content restrictions are sometimes bent and bypassed, setting new standards in content for the film industry. With the ever-changing society, it is difficult to determine what levels are acceptable and which films go beyond the boundaries of decency and morality and should be banned from our television screens. Every so often the debate over the effects of media sex and violence flares up in the popular press, as it did when Michael Ryan went on a killing spree in Hungerford, his mind supposedly warped by idolising the action hero Rambo. Similar consequences are supposedly linked with rape and the viewing of films of a sexual nature. On such occasions the press will call for tighter restrictions on video rentals and greater control on film content. Even so, with the tighter restrictions that the
Compare and contrast any two theories of development. To what extent can you find evidence to support either of these in the contemporary developing world?
DEVELOPMENT THEORIES OCB SOCIOLOGY ESSAY In this essay I have chosen to examine the modernisation and dependency theories of development. These two theories come from completely different ends of the political and economic spectrum. The modernisation theory is basically a functionalist or capitalist theory, supported by Margaret Thatcher amongst others, whilst the dependency theory leans more towards a Marxist or communist standpoint. In this essay I will identify areas in which the theories are similar, if any, and those where they disagree. I will find evidence to show where these theories have been applied in less developed countries. Following the Second World War the world split into communist and capitalist nations. The capitalist nations were known as the 'First World', the communist nations became known as the 'Second World', and the countries that did not side with either ideology became known as the 'Third World'. The capitalist world, broadly speaking lies in the Northern Hemisphere, plus Australia and New Zealand, whereas 'Third World' countries tend to be along the Equator or in the Southern Hemisphere. These 'Third World' countries have tended to be countries that were created by the great colonial powers of the capitalist world including Great Britain, the USA, France, Spain and Portugal. Colonialism exploited and changed the nature and economy of
Gap Analysis: Lester Electronics
Running head: GAP ANALYSIS: LESTER ELECTRONICS Gap Analysis: Lester Electronics Fredrick Marshall Jr. University of Phoenix MBA 540 November 17, 2008 Introduction Mergers and acquisitions are increasingly common in the marketplace as many organizations are combining in order to increase the value of an organization. "A merger refers to the absorption of one firm by another. The acquiring firm retains its name and its identity, and it acquires all of the assets and liabilities of the acquired firm. After a merger, the acquired firm ceases to exist as a separate business entity," (Ross, Westerfield & Jaffe, 2005, p.797). Sometimes mergers are friendly and other times acquisitions occur after the board has rejected the acquisition. Prior to entering into an acquisition organization's must carefully stake out a plan in order to attempt to account for any challenges that might occur. Improper financial planning could be detrimental to both organizations. Situation Analysis Issue and Opportunity Identification Lester Electronics (LEI), a consumer and industrial manufacturer of electronic parts, marketing products to small- and medium-sized original equipment manufacturers, repair facilities, and small local distributors throughout America and Europe. LEI entered into an exclusive agreement with Shang-wa Electronics, a small Korean company, to allow Lester Electronics to
To what extent do the media in Britain determine political attitudes and opinions?
To what extent do the media determine political attitudes and opinions? In a liberal democracy media is the channel through which freedom of speech and the opinions of the public is exercised, in order to provide accountability through criticising the government (Street 2001). Heywood (2007) recognizes that, through a combination of social and technological changes, the media have become increasingly more of a powerful political actor and more deeply involved in the political process. The relationship between politicians and the media is symbiotic: politicians need the media to get their message across, while the media need politicians and their news to sell (Kavanagh 1996). The vast majority of the population attain their information about politics from the mass media, such as radio, press, television and the Internet. The media do not only report, but also propose interpretations of the news. Some argue that the media can help set an agenda, by stressing certain matters and ignoring others, thus influencing general perceptions and images, for instance a "strong" Mrs Thatcher or a "wimpish" John Major. (Kavanagh 1996 pp. 208) This essay will look at how the media has been transformed in Britain, as well as different actors within the media, how they influence politics and the popular opinion, and to what extent this can be argued through different theories. Measuring
