"Explain And Discuss How The "Ideologies Of Welfare" Explored In This Module Can Be Used To Understand The Political Legitimation And Debate Within The UK Social Policy From 1979 To The Present Day".
"Explain And Discuss How The "Ideologies Of Welfare" Explored In This Module Can Be Used To Understand The Political Legitimation And Debate Within The UK Social Policy From 1979 To The Present Day". "The Economic Shift In UK Social Policy Since The Era Of Thatcherism" In this essay I aim to explain and discuss the ways in which 'ideologies of welfare' can be used to understand political legitimation and debate within UK social policy from 1979 to present day. I shall approach this question by initially offering an explanation of the concept of political legitimation and ideologies. Having expressed these definitions I shall move on to explain and discuss social policy surrounding the Conservatives party's moves to 'role back the welfare state' during Mrs. Thatcher's reign of the 1980's. In order to express an ideology of welfare thoroughly, my writings shall scope the economic structure of the British welfare state and the social policies surrounding it. I shall draw upon political and welfare ideologies that support and counter policies surrounding economic distribution during the 1980's. My writings shall also include reference to the changing political leaderships of the Conservative party from Margaret Thatcher to John Major in 1990 and the new labour government and leadership of Tony Blair in 1997, and their subsequent policies upon British economics in an attempt to
To what extent has "new" Labour abandoned traditional socialist principles
To what extent has "new" Labour abandoned traditional socialist principles Many consider "New" Labour to be operating under a deceptive title due to the fact that the party has abandoned so many of the principles traditionally associated with Labour policies. The foundation of the long-established socialist principles, which formed the basis of "old" Labour policies, was clause IV of the 1918 Labour constitution. "Common ownership of the means of production, distribution and exchange" was the single socialist slogan which underpinned the ethos of old Labour; equality. The welfare state was a major component of old Labour's manifesto. Clement Attlee who won labour its first overall majority in 1945, was responsible for implementing the "cradle to grave" welfare system which aimed to ensure the poor had equal access to basic public services. It was as part of this system that benefits for the unemployed and the National Health Service were introduced. Since Old Labour was set up and funded by the trade unions, close relations with the trade unions were essential. Resultantly, the Labour party argued for policies which benefited the working class, such as better working conditions and the establishment of a minimum wage. Another policy supported by old labour and introduced by Attlee was nationalisation of the major industries such as iron, steel, gas and coal. This policy
To what extent has the UK political system become more democratic in recent years
To what extent has the UK political system become more democratic in recent years In recent times the in the UK we have seen the more frequent use of referendums. These are votes where the electorate votes on a specific issue such as devolution. It is thought of as a good way of including elements of direct democracy in our representative system. Although this method does seem to infringe on the principal of parliamentary sovereign if in the UK our representatives our supposed to put forward the views of the electorate it cannot be seen as bad idea. However some critics of referendums argue that its frequent use in recent years has actually detracted from the democratic process. They argue that the questions used can be worded to influence voters, no matter how carefully they are phrased they will always have an element of bias to them. Also they argue referendums are expensive and disrupt the government. Others argue that because referendums are held at a time of the ruling party's choice, they have the biggest influence on the outcome of the vote. If these criticisms are true then obviously the use of referendums are actually degrading from the democratic process, however others disagree. Supporters of referendums argue that there use in our political system will re-connect voters, after having participated in this process they will take more notice of real issues, rather
Is war Inevitable?
What is war? Many people think of it as fighting for something and others think of it as a struggle. War is defined in the Oxford English Dictionary as a quarrel usually between nations conducted by force. In my opinion war is never going to end, it is inevitable. If war comes to an end it will be from failure of human wisdom. As far as we know, war has always been part of our human history, and it probably occurred from time to time, in one form or another, even throughout our prehistory, that is, for as far back as humans existed. Why do people have war? My answer is so that they can accomplish political objectives, such as to move borders or move them back to acquire land or get it back, to acquire resources or get them back. Also they may join a war to protect an ally. I feel countries get involved in war for benefit for themselves. The reason why wars start is the exact same thing: where countries want other countries land, or resources. Or perhaps another country's government wronged them. There are also wars of religion. Then there are civil wars, usually occurring because the people are not happy with the government (not always though). Then there are people like Hitler, who have personal reasons. Adolf Hitler was an Austrian-born politician and the leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party, also called the Nazi Party. He was the ruler of Germany from 1933
Democracy in Colonial Wethersfield, Connecticut
David Faulkner Period 4 Democracy in Colonial Wethersfield, Connecticut In the years before the Revolutionary War, America and its people started to change, becoming more independent and more Democratic. From the example of Wethersfield, it is possible to see that the American society was becoming more Democratic in the later1700s but was also still very much influenced by the Christian church. From an assortment of evidence, such as the increase in voters and the decrease in slaves, we can see the change that was going on. In the social structure of Wethersfield, we can see how they are becoming more Democratic because of how there are less slaves than there previously was according to document A. Something that is shown by documents B, D, and E is the unfairness in land holdings. It would seem that by becoming more democratic in some areas, the rich are finding ways of making themselves richer, shown by the unfairness in the taxes of property and the chart comparison of how the same people stay in the top percentage of the wealthiest. Along with that, in document E, we can see how the houses, although very similar, have highly different tax assessments; maybe certain people of those houses had a little more influence than the others. The politics of the new world had shown to have more participation in the voting and electing of officials. In document G there is
"A small, unpopular party whose success was due solely to the determination of the leader to seize power" Examine this assessment of the Bolshevik party's success in the USSR 1917-1924.
"A small, unpopular party whose success was due solely to the determination of the leader to seize power" Examine this assessment of the Bolshevik party's success in the USSR 1917-1924. This assessment of the party is based around one of many views on how the Bolsheviks gained power and consolidated their rule. This particular assessment focuses on the "brutalisation" of the party and Lenin's constant concessions in the face of danger despite contending his ideology. The Bolsheviks came to power in October 1917, after the capture of the Winter Palace; the consolidation of their rule included the calling of a constituent assembly, signing of the Brest-litovsk and the introduction of the NEP after War Communism. What I now have to analyse, is the validity of each point in the above assessment, was the party small? Or unpopular? And if so why? Firstly the size of the party has to be considered, before the February revolution the party's size in comparison with other parties was relatively little. The largest parties were those who directly contended the Tsarist regime in towns and villages, one party in particular was the Social Democratic party, as written by Susan Hasler (1989) "Nevertheless, Marxist theories did spread quite widely in Russia, especially through The Social Democratic Party," This shows how the Marxist ideology spread to the common people of Russia,
"Assess the sociological contribution of Karl Marx to an understanding of contemporary society"
"Assess the sociological contribution of Karl Marx to an understanding of contemporary society" This essay will discuss how the Karl Marx contributed his knowledge to the understanding of contemporary society. Karl Marx is often referred to as the 'intellectual father of modern day Marxist economics'. Karl Marx was a philosopher, a social scientist and also a historian. He is also known as a revolutionary whose ideas and theories are known as scientific socialism or Marxism. Marxism helps us to understand society and the way in which individuals within society behave and the reasoning behind this behaviour. Marx explained how employers can exploit and alienate their workers; this is described in more detail and is known as 'the labour theory of value'. Marx also goes on to explain how in a business falling rate of profit can lead to an inevitable crisis, revolutions can emerge and then finally leading to the socialist state. Marx also goes on to explain that if workers start to earn more money and gain more wealth then he becomes poorer in values and the more his production increases in power and range of materialistic substances. One of Marx's sayings to support this theory was "The worker becomes an ever cheaper commodity the more commodities he creates". Karl Marx was largely ignored by his scholars during his lifetime; however his theories and ideologies came to surface
"At the heart of liberalism is a fear of unchecked power."
"At the heart of liberalism is a fear of unchecked power." "An illiberal tendency of our new government is the move towards government by regulation. Our government is determined to draft legislation which imbues the relevant minister with wide and unchecked powers to make regulations which have the force of law. In practice, this amounts to government by executive decree. We know this odious creature well, as a particular favourite of the old National Party. The ANC are not naïve to the fact that delegated legislation removes the scrutiny of Parliament and opposition parties from the law-making process." Tony Leon, South African liberal A simple definition of power could be the ability both to demand that people do something, and to say how a thing should be done or organised. Authority, however, is where power is granted by consent; and when an individual or committee is said to have authority, the reason that justifies this authority is known as legitimacy. In general, the government has authority because it has legitimacy through: tradition, as Parliament has existed for hundreds of years; charisma, as many people may follow present PM Tony Blair through the strength and attraction of his personality; and democratically through the people, as they vote in elections for the MP or party they wish to form the government. An example of an organisation that has power but
"At the heart of New Right thought, lies the paradox of libertarian and authoritarian belief". To what extent do you support this quotation?
"At the heart of New Right thought, lies the paradox of libertarian and authoritarian belief". To what extent do you support this quotation? The New Right is a form of conservatism which formed in the 1980s and took a very different view of elements of society such as family, education and crime. In the United Kingdom, New Right more specifically refers to a strand of Conservatism that the likes of Margaret Thatcher and Ronald Reagan influenced. Thatcher's style of New Right ideology, known as Thatcherism was heavily influenced by the work of Friedrich Hayek (in particular the book, The Road to Serfdom). Margaret Thatcher said in her 1995 memoirs, The Downing Street Years; "The most powerful critique of socialist planning and the socialist state which I read and to which I have returned so often is F.A.Hayek's 'The Road to Serfdom'". They were ideologically committed to neo-liberalism as well as being socially conservative. Key policies included deregulation of business, a dismantling of the welfare state or 'Nanny State', privatisation of nationalised industries and restructuring of the national workforce in order to increase industrial and economic flexibility in an increasingly global market. The paradox of New Right thought is that it combines both liberal views and conservative views into one coherent ideology. As the New Right supports both these views it is hard to
"Enterprise Development and Behavior including Corporate Governance and Restructuring"
Political Determinants of Private Sector Growth in Eastern Europe Thematic Area: "Enterprise Development and Behavior including Corporate Governance and Restructuring" Researcher 1: Razvan Grecu Tel: +40.21.326.11.85 E-mail: [email protected] Researcher 2: Laurentiu Stefan Tel: +40.21.326.11.85 E-mail: [email protected] Administrating Institution: Romanian Society of Political Science, Agricultiori Str., No 128 Bis, Sector III, Bucharest, Romania Tel/Fax: +40.21.326.11.85 Web site: http://www.srsp.ro E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The research we propose analyzes the impact of political institutions (broader defined) on the growth of private sector in Eastern Europe. While a large amount of scholarly researches focused on the influence of economic policies and indicators on the extension of private sector in Eastern Europe, the political factors that supported or hindered such development have been often neglected. Using a comparative approach and statistical analysis based on linear regression, our research gives account of the impact of such political factors on the development of private enterprises in Eastern Europe. Relevance of the Project Fifteen years after the breakdown of communist regimes in Eastern Europe, we notice important differences on the development of private sectors in countries of Central and Eastern Europe. One major question
