A developmental study of two Arab countries, both historically abundant in political and economic turmoil and major upheavals in economic development strategies - Egypt and Turkey.
This paper will undertake a developmental study of two Arab countries, both historically abundant in political and economic turmoil and major upheavals in economic development strategies. Egypt's and Turkey's developmental experience was chosen to be compared in this paper as the histories of these two countries exhibit a remarkable coincidence of their major turning points. Namely they both gained independence in 1923, their present political systems were initiated around 1950s after fundamental political changes. Moreover, they have historically been of similar policies and comparative levels of development. They both suffered from political turmoil, Islamist resistance, war, military regime, and external manipulation. They both swung changing fronts from pro Arab cooperation to externally, pre western or eastern, oriented policies. This study in order to identify developmental changes will disaggregate the society rather than analyse it as a whole. Moreover, development will be analysed from many angles. Namely, apart from the study of GDP growth in different political periods, distribution of wealth, exports, health and literacy rates will be traced. Other phenomena accompanying development like land reform, enclosure, urbanization, resistance will be observed. The analysis of similarities and differences of Egypt and Turkey's developmental experience will be explained
Evaluate the effectiveness of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) as a means of achieving economic growth and economic development in a less developed country.
(b) Evaluate the effectiveness of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) as a means of achieving economic growth and economic development in a less developed country. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is long-term investment in a foreign country by multinational corporations. Inward foreign direct investment (IFDI) refers to FDI coming into a country. Outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) is FDI leaving a country. FDI involves either setting up factors and expanding their operations in the new country or the purchase of at least a 10% share of a foreign company. A multinational corporation (MNC) is a firm that has production facilities in more than one country. The economic growth means an increase in the country’s real output through time which is often measured in real GDP. The economic development refers to a qualitative measure of the country’s standard of living. It is a more multidimensional concept than economic growth since it involves reducing widespread poverty, reducing income inequalities, and increasing employment opportunities. The involvement of China in Kenya has been increasing in recent years. China’s investments in Kenya are still impacting the Kenyan economy significantly. The China Road and Bridge Corporation (state-owned) funded a Kenyan rail line connecting Mombasa and Bairobi that opened in 2017 and it continues to fund other infrastructure
15 Historical Economic Questions on Mercatilism and the Development of European Countries.
Austin Lazar Prof.Kypraios Economics in Historical perspective 2/7/2012 5 Historical Economics Questions, Answered What explains the rise of the Dutch Republic? In nineteen fifty-six the seven provinces of the Dutch Republic started a rebellion with the vision of freedom against Philip II of Spain. This rebellion in turn resulted in the start of the Eighty Years War. The war took tremendous financial effort to win but the Dutch Republic was in better financial shape than ever before and was poised to take over Europe. In 1585 the Anglo-Spanish war breaks out between England and Spain. The end result forced Spanish troops to halt their advances and left them in control of important trading centers like Bruges, Ghent, but without control of Antwerp. Antwerp, one of the largest trading centers of the time was soon to be seized. The seizure of Antwerp brought labor from the trading port of Antwerp to the Dutch Republic, but mainly Amsterdam. This of influx of skilled labor would be beneficial to the Dutch East India Companies, established two years prior to the seizure of Antwerp. The Dutch East India Company was a chartered company established in 1602, and was considered to be the first multinational corporations of all time. Received a monopoly on Asian trade and was permitted to keep it for two centuries. The Dutch East India Company was specializing in the spice trade
To what extent is the oil crisis of 1973 a turning point in postwar economic development?
Chin Ying Lin Olivia (2) 6L 07/02/2010 To what extent can the oil crisis of 1973-4 be regarded as a turning point in the development of the international economy? The 1973 oil crisis was an event when the members of Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) proclaimed an oil embargo in response to the U.S. decision to re-supply the Israeli military during the Yom Kippur war and lasted until March 1974. In this essay, a "turning point" is defined to be a landmark- an event marking a unique or important historical change of course or one on which important developments depend. While acknowledging that the oil crisis certainly had dramatic and lasting impact on the development of the international economy: in terms of signifying the start of a worldwide shift in power away from the U.S for the first time, bringing about catastrophic repercussions on the international economy and also leading to the formation of the G-7 ; to regard it as a " turning point" would be an overstatement, due to the temporary nature of the crisis, as well as preceding events such as the collapse of the Bretton Woods System, and the continuity of dominance of the US in the global economy, albeit with lesser power than before the oil crisis. All these suggest otherwise: either that other events qualify more as a "turning point" than the oil crisis, or that there remained continuity of
Discuss the view that poor road network is a greatest hindrance to economic development of Malawi.
DISCUSS THE VIEW THAT POOR ROAD NETWORK IS A GREATEST HINDRANCE TO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF MALAWI . An efficient and well-integrated transport system is paramount to the development of any country, especially a land-locked country like Malawi, which is heavily dependant on external trade, using a complex of transport systems.1A good quality road infrastructure is paramount to a country's economy. But a poor road network, not only in Malawi, but also in other developing countries, is a hindrance to economic development. "In adequacy or absence of such infrastructures and existence of bottlenecks frustrate economic development of a country by inhibiting some activities that contributes to a country's development."2 2. Without transport, development is impossible. Transport simply means; infrastructural networks and means of locomotion as to the economic activity represented transporting of goods and passengers. Development refers to growth, understood as an increase in national wealth as may be defined by nations accountants. The building of a road or railway, the making a way of means of moving about makes possible to export the produce of local production operations to other markets. These outlets allow intensified production, increased income for population, diversification of consumption and thereby contributing to economic development of a country. 3. Road transport
![Describe the Harrod-Domar model of growth and With the use of economic theory, discuss the policies a government might introduce to promote economic development. [14]](https://mbt-essays-prod-public.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/12897/listing/12897_1.jpg)
Describe the Harrod-Domar model of growth and With the use of economic theory, discuss the policies a government might introduce to promote economic development. [14]
Elizabeth Wood Describe the Harrod-Domar model of growth [6] With the use of economic theory, discuss the policies a government might introduce to promote economic development. [14] The Harrod-Domar model was developed in the 1930's. The suggestion is made that high levels of savings are important to growth as savings provide funds, which can then be borrowed for investment purposes. The economy's rate of growth therefore depends on the level of saving and the productivity of the investments that were made. The productivity of investments can be summarised by the economy's capital-output ratio, e.g., if $5 dollars worth of capital equipment was required for $1 of annual output, the capital-output ratio 5:1 would exist. A lower ratio is more favourable, 4:1, would indicate that only $4 of capital equipment was needed to produce $1 of annual output. The model itself shows long-term growth. It tends to show that there will be no natural tendency for the economy to have a balanced rate of growth. Growth is split into different types and analysed accordingly. The overall conclusion of the model is that the economy does not naturally find a full-employment equilibrium. The policy implication of the conclusion is that the government has to intervene to try to manage the level of output with its policies. The above production possibility frontier summarizes the importance of
Describe the influences of genetic, environmental and socio - economic factors on the development of the individual
Describe the influences of genetic, environmental and socio - economic factors on the development of the individual P5 - There are many factors that can affect an individual's life, and in this report I will cover the influences of genetic, environmental and socio-economic factors on the development of an individual. Genetic influences Steve Jones (1993) explains that genetics is a language, "a set of inherited instructions passed from generation to generation'. Jones argues that genes are like the words in a language. The way genes are arranged can be seen as the rules for language much like grammar. Genetics also have a literature, 'the thousands of instructions needed to make a human being'. Genes contain the information needed to make living organisms. This information is held in the DNA. Each nucleus in each cell of a living person contains this genetic material. To be alive, you will have had to have a code of genetics to guide the construction of your body. This body could not have been built if there were no materials and no environment to build it in. some individuals may have the genetic potential to grow tall but will not be able to if they do not have substantial amounts of protein in their diet. The environmental and genetic influences interact. Every gene contains ten thousand cells and if their is a fault in any gene it can lead to serious illness and
Do you accept the argument that research and development is the central cause of economic growth?
Chosen Question 2 of 2: "Do you accept the argument that research and development is the central cause of economic growth? Explain how innovation systems at the national and corporate level have contributed to the development of major industries." Introduction: Every nation strives to increase its level of economic growth for several reasons. It is favourable from a political stand, as the increased standard of living will result in higher tax revenue and less money needed to be spent on social security as well as boosting civilian morale. Corporations will also benefit from economic growth, as it will mean higher sales as peoples disposable income increases. Economic growth is represented by an increase in national output for example over a twelve-month period. But what we have to consider is what role does research and development play in this process, and whether there are any other factors that have to be considered. Since the post-war period the spending on research and development (R&D) has increased dramatically in every industry. At first it was concentrated in the manufacturing sector but since then it has moved into other industries for example the pharmaceutical industry, which is all research orientated. Certainly increased expenditure on R&D was key to the government increasing its national output levels after war. If industries grow then national
Analyse the reasons for and the consequences of the economic development of polar and subpolar regions.
Analyse the reasons for and the consequences of the economic development of polar and subpolar regions (30 marks) High latitude areas of the polar and subpolar regions have growing economic developments as they are rich in such natural resources as fishing and mining, developments like these have caused controversy due to their consequences. The polar areas are the regions around the north and south poles. The subpolar regions are the areas just outside the poles but above 60 degrees North and South. Mining has been an economic development. The reasons for this are that areas like the Arctic and Antarctic are rich in deposits of minerals like iron-ore, nickel, copper and uranium. In the twentieth century there was planned investment by large companies and governments the reason for this was mineral wealth. Even though these regions are so remote and have harsh operating systems they are still commercially viable due to the huge amount of money to be made. An example of controversy over mining is in Voisey's Bay, North-central Labrador, Canada. Here in October 1994 a massive sulphide ore deposit was discovered, it was one of the richest deposits in the world. There was pressure to mine as there were potential reserves of 150 tonnes and could be extracted using low-cost methods as the deposit was near the surface. Other reasons were that the mining could offer the people of
What are the stages in economic development? Discuss this in reference to at least two countries.
What are the stages in economic development? Discuss this in reference to at least two countries. “Economic development usually refers to the adoption of new technologies, transition from agriculture-based to industry-based economy, and general improvement in living standards.” At one time it was believed as proposed by Malthus in his supposition known as Malthusian catastrophe that within a few centuries the mushrooming population of the world would consume all the food resources, and would reduce humanity to the brink of starvation. But the Malthusian catastrophe failed. All countries, excepting, a few have shown a significant development and transformation in the fields of producing means of sustenance, utilizing resources, creating employment and increasing the per capita income. To show how economic development has coped with the crisis of great depression and recession from time to time, I would like to follow “Ruston’s and Jeffrey Sachs’” models particular with reference to the development of economies in Britain and India-a place where I am studying and where I initially belong to, respectively. In his 2008 book Common Wealth, economist “Jeffrey Sachs” postulates that an “impoverished country moves up from one stage to the next just like a person climbing up the rungs of a ladder, gradually achieving more and more prosperity.” The journey begins
