The River Rhine, questions.
The River Rhine William Laycock 9EM 6/01/03 Humanities Activity 1 .The Rhine is considered hugely important to European trade as it flow through a large section of Western Europe so many countries can receive produce via the river. Also there are numerous numbers of factories along the river so they need a quick an affective way to ship there produce out of the country. Finally the Rhine flows into one of the worlds largest commercial ports at Rotterdam. 2a. Most of the Rhine's tributaries meet the Rhine in low areas of the river valley. 2b. This could cause problems in period of heavy rain as these low areas of ground just become giant flood plains causing millions of pounds worth of damage. 3a. Rock and hardcore earth are the most frequently carried, then comes ores and scrap metals which is closely followed by mineral oil products, then there are chemical products iron and steel then food and animal products, agricultural products fertilisers and machinery and vehicles. Finally with very little trade on the river is coal. 3b. Companies chose to export there produce via river barges as they contain a lot more than lorries so one boat load may take three times as long as a lorry but it carries three times as much 3c. It takes four days more as when travelling towards Basel the boats have to go against the current, and the Rhine's current I extremely
River study - Burbage Brook,
Plateau The plateau is the source of Burbage Brook, which is a fairly large are of high flat land. This is formed by heavy rainfall soaking into the peat, which then filters into the brook. Upper Burbage Brook The upper area of Burbage Brook is a 'V-shape' with very steep sides. This is caused due to the steep gradient of the riverbed that then leads to a high velocity of the river causing rapid vertical erosion to take place (refer to the bar chart to explain the velocity of upper Burbage Bridge.) This combined with weathering creates a 'V-shape' valley. Deposition here is very minimal, as it is only the first flowing currents. The type of weathering that you are likely to find at this area of the valley is 'freeze-thaw weathering'. This is when water gets into the cracks in the rock, expands (freezes) which then puts pressure on the rock eventually causing chunks of the rock to break off leading to a form of mass movement (Rock Creep). Middle Course of Burbage Brook The middle course of Burbage Brook is a 'V within a V' shape. The valley is slightly wider here than the upper course of Burbage Brook also the valley sides are much gentler. It also meanders side to side caused by interlocking spurs (look at the diagram below about a meander). The valley sides widen due to lateral erosion. Lateral erosion takes place here because the velocity of the river is much
The Oleta River Preserve
THE OLETA RIVER PRESERVE The Oleta River Preserve is a small but important protected site along the Oleta River near Snake Creek. Historically, the Oleta River connected the northern Everglades to the Atlantic Ocean allowing freshwater to reach the sea. Today the Oleta River is the only natural river in Miami-Dade County that has not been dredged and channelized. Its seven miles of shoreline are largely undeveloped, making the Oleta River Corridor a vestige of wilderness in a matrix of urbanization. The extinct Tequesta Indians canoed the waters of the Oleta River over 400 years ago and today, the river still offers a peaceful wilderness experience for modern-day canoeists. A Tequesta village and midden site is preserved nearby as a reminder of the river's past human history. This area now represents one of the last wilderness areas available to wildlife in northern Miami-Dade county and is home to the endangered West Indian manatee and American crocodile. The site was purchased by the Environmentally Endangered Lands program and the Florida Communities Trust in 1995 to expand adjacent coastal resources bordering the Oleta River. Miami-Dade County employees removed exotic pest plants from the site, supervised removal of fill material, and replanted red mangroves and other shoreline vegetation. This will help begin the slow restoration of uninterrupted natural mangrove
Geography Field Trip, Tal-y-bont, Wales, River Study.
Geography Field Trip, Tal-y-bont, Wales, River Study David Goldie 11JK On the 3rd March 2002 my geography class of 19 students left Parmiters School in Garston for Tal-y-bont in west Wales. During the 3 days that we spent in Wales we studied 5 points on the course of the river Einion, 3 beaches on the west coast and a town study in Aberystwyth. The focus of this project will be the 3 beaches afore mentioned. These beaches were at Ynyslas, Borth and Clarach Bay (2 studies were carried out at Clarach Bay) Our aims on this trip were to: .) Put geography learned in the classroom into practice. Such as identifying geographical features, which I have studied from a text book in the classroom but never in the outside world. 2.) To test my hypothesis written below. 3.) To learn about rivers and their geographical features. These will hopefully include river cliff, wetted perimeter, meanders, ox-bow lakes etc. Hypothesis. .) The larger the width of the river the slower the river will flow. I believe this because if the river is wider then it should have a larger wetted perimeter and so more friction should result causing the river to flow slower as more of its energy is used to fight the friction meaning less of the gravitational energy of the river can go to moving the water. 2.)The river will flow faster at the centre of the river. I believe this because at the centre of
Case Study: Guadiamar River.
Case Study: Guadiamar River On April 25, 1998 At the Los Frailes Mine, owned by the Swedish/Canadian Company Boliden, The dam burst which was holding back the toxic mining waste. Boliden claim that this was due to Seismic shift but other people said that local authorities have received warnings that the Dam was unstable and likely to break. The Wave contained approximately 5 cubic metres of Toxic sludge including the poisonous lead, arsenic, zinc and mercury. The sludge flowed into the Guadiamar River, the marshlands and the Intramurals. The toxins destroyed all life in the stretch of the river. The river of Sludge was finally stopped at the entrance to Doñana National Park, thanks to the hasty construction of an emergency Dam. There were then huge delays due to the inefficiency of the public administrations board and a lack of a driving political force. The cleaning up project finally started at the beginning of the year 2000. The job was a massive 6000 contaminated hectares. The waste has been replaced at the mine with permission from the Geomining institute of Spain. The project has come under scrutiny from the WWF for using methods which it did not approve of and it has recorded mutations of certain animals in The Doñana National Park. Many Wildlife organizations want the mine shut down permanently. There were also a lot of effects; I have divided them into short term
Variations in River Discharge
Variations in River Discharge River Regime This is the annual pattern of a river's discharge in response to the region's climate. The average regime is represented by the average daily/ monthly figures. These figures are mainly determined by the climate e.g. the amount/ distribution of rainfall, plus the rates of evaporation and snowmelt. Variations in River Discharge These variations are very important, as they influence the river's energy and landforms. Factors affecting river discharge may produce the following: Temporal variations (changes over time): * Short term fluctuations in discharge e.g. increased discharge following heavy rain or snow melt. * Medium-term variations e.g. seasonal variations such as less discharge when interception is higher in a deciduous forest in summer. * Long term changes in discharge e.g. as a result of climate change or a change in land use. Spatial variations (changes from place to place): * Rivers in different geographical locations have different patterns of discharge. The discharge is affected by the climate of the region and many other factors. Temporal Variations Rivers have seasonal fluctuations in their discharge. They are mist pronounced in climates with a wet and dry season e.g. countries with Mediterranean/ monsoon climate and where glaciers feed streams. In Britain there is a maximum winter discharge and a minimum
A Walk by the River.
A Walk by the River The sudden, swift, severe summer storm caught me totally unaware. I was walking down Old Salem Road when the clouds started to build. I looked around as I huddled under a large, dead oak tree. Almost all of the houses on this abandoned street were too badly damaged for me to take shelter in, except for one. The house loomed impressive and morbid in the greenish-black sky. A flash of lightning briefly illuminated the house. The windows were broken, but the superstructure seemed sound. I was becoming soaked as I pondered my dilemma. Should I stay under the tree and risk getting hit by lightning or should I go into that old house, not know who, or what, might be in there? The storm decided for me. Lightning hit the tree, filling the air with the sent of scorched sap. I dashed onto the porch and pounded on the door. It was open. What was that? I thought, my heart in my mouth. I slowly turned around. I didn't see anyone, but that didn't mean that there couldn't be someone else in the house with me. It was a large house. I hesitated before I went into the living room. My lantern, my best friend at the moment, showed off ancient paintings of a red-haired man with angular features and a host of antiques. Over a marble fireplace, in the far side of the room, hung a silvery mirror with plump, little cherubs surrounding it. Crash. I jumped and almost dropped the
Film criticism - Mystic River.
C.T.I.F.S FILM CRITICISM - 9TH FEB. 2004 MYSTIC RIVER By STEPHEN DE VILLIERS Set to clean up at the Oscars this year, Mystic River is a dark, social-realist drama/whodunit set in contemporary Boston. This book, turned movie, directed masterfully by Clint Eastwood, omits very little in so far as the story goes, and leaves the audience, blindly guessing, right up to the end of the intense and brilliantly constructed final climax. Perhaps one of the elements within Mystic River that make it such a successful and engaging story is the fact that, ironically, the major elements of the story are so subtle and creatively constructed that they appear almost non-existent. I.e. the story is constructed with much originality and vision, giving it sufficient depth to make the classic stereotypes of story structure and story elements, refreshingly difficult to spot. As an audience we are left trying to work out exactly whose story we are witnessing and within that, who the goodies and who the baddies are. The strength of a story like this is it's a more accurate depiction of reality; that, as within all life, within each character exists elements of both good and bad, black and white. Much of the time the characters experience themselves, and thus depict themselves in the grey, as can happen in reality. Having said that, let's explore in more detail the elementas of story. Firstly,
Case Study: The Mississippi River Flood of 1993
Case Study: The Mississippi River Flood of 1993 This project describes the characteristics of the most devastating flooding disaster in U.S history, the 1993 Mississippi River flood after reading this case study you should know: * What is the definition of a flood? * Facts about the Mississippi River * How large an area was affected by the 1993 Mississippi flood? * Why did flooding occur? * How was the flood event related to regional weather patterns? * What is the difference between the upper and lower Mississippi? * What is the difference between prevention and adjustment? * How were levee systems affected by the flooding? * How are dams used for flood control within the Mississippi River basin? * Did most of the residents of the floodplain have flood insurance? * How did flooding affect people and the economy of the Midwest? Introduction A flood is defined as the temporary overflow of a river onto adjacent lands not normally covered by water. The most devastating flood in U.S. history occurred in the summer of 1993. * The Mississippi River at St. Louis, Missouri, was above flood stage for 144 days between April 1 and September 30, 1993. * Approximately 3 billion cubic meters of water overflowed from the river channel onto the floodplain downstream from St. Louis. * All large Midwestern streams flooded including the Mississippi, Missouri,
With references to either one river or one river flood event, examine the causes & consequences of flooding. 'River basin management schemes can reduce but not eliminate the risk of flooding' Elaborate and comment on this statement.
a) With references to either one river or one river flood event, examine the causes & consequences of flooding. b) 'River basin management schemes can reduce but not eliminate the risk of flooding' Elaborate and comment on this statement. A) A flood is a devastating natural hazard that severely affects the lives of people, each year all over the world floods will be ruining the lives of someone by causing damage to their houses or crops or by killing them. Around 5 million people, in 2 million properties, live in flood risk areas in England and Wales. An example of a river that floods quite often is the River Severn in the United Kingdom. The Severn is known for rising quickly. Being a long river there are many tributaries feeding in, helping to increase the amount of water in the Severn. On October 31, 1998, many towns and villages along the River Severn were badly flooded. There had been a lot of rainfall over three days. Forty flood warnings had been issued to areas along the river Severn. Ten of these were severe flood warnings. This meant that people should be ready to evacuate their homes. The centre of Shrewsbury was completely flooded. The causes of the floods in the Severn Valley in 1998 can be split into two sections: human and physical causes. The human causes are urbanisation; by concreting over the land humans have increased the rate of surface runoff and
