Data Analysis - Osmosis in Potatoes
G.C.S.E. Biology Data Analysis - Osmosis in Potato Chips Contents Page . Aim.............................................................................................................. 3 2. Results........................................................................................................ 3 2.1 Tables 2.2 Graphs 3. Analysis....................................................................................................... 5 4. Evaluation................................................................................................... 6 5. Conclusion.................................................................................................. 7 6. Bibliography................................................................................................ 8 . AIM The purpose of this experiment was to analyse the effect of osmosis in potato chips (cut slices) and then be able to explain the significance of this in the human body. I predicted that as the concentration of the solute was increased, the mass of the potato would decrease because of osmosis. 2. RESULTS 2.1 Tables Potato No. Concentration (M) Start mass (g) Finish mass (g) Change in mass (g) % change in mass Average % change in mass A1 0.0 .79 2.01 0.22 2.29 9.68 A2 0.0 .79 .94 0.15 8.38 A3 0.0 .79 .94 0.15 8.38 B1 0.5 .79 .86 0.07 3.91 5.40 B2 0.5
p1: explain the purpose and role of research for the health and social care sector
P1: Explain the purpose and role of research for the health and social care sectors. Research is an intellectual investigation to get a greater knowledge or understanding of events, behaviours and theories. Research is very active and systematic process of inquiry aimed at revising, discovering and interpreting facts and also for law establishment and theories. Many organisations have research as an essential tool, though it is exceptional in the health and social care industry. Research in health and social care is for: * Demographic. Prior to planning the delivery of services. Establishing population patterns and statistics. * Epidemiology. Exploring patterns of disease. * Quality assurance. Feedback from service user about service. * Hypothesis. Exploring theories. * Knowledge. To extend understanding of theories * Reviewing and monitoring changes in practice. When health and social care practitioners are planning a new service they need to do research which focuses on the demographic data such as: population size, age, gender etc. This is so the practitioners can predict and plan for the future. Epidemiology investigates the cause, prevalence and spread of disease. Therefore the feedback from this research is very important and it is to help develop strategies to prevent and treat diseases. An example of this research is the United Kingdom Childhood Cancer
To determine the amount of ammonia in a sample of household cleaning product, 'cloudy ammonia', in the form of NH4OH through the process of volumetric analysis.
Volumetric Analysis of Ammonia in Household Cleaning Product Aim: To determine the amount of ammonia in a sample of household cleaning product, 'cloudy ammonia', in the form of NH4OH through the process of volumetric analysis. Introduction: Neutralisation refers to the process whereby an acid reacts with a base in stoichiometric proportions to each other to form a salt and water. In this experiment, the neutralisation reaction can be summarized by the following equation: HCl (aq) + NH4OH (aq) NH4Cl (aq) + H2O (l) In this prac, the primary standard is Na2CO3. Primary standards are substances that possess certain properties (i.e. it is soluble), which enable it to be made up into a solution of a known concentration with distilled water to high degree of accuracy. A secondary standard on the other hand, is any solution that has an accurately known concentration. In this experiment, HCl acid is the secondary standard. The standardising of HCl can be summarized by the following equation: 2HCl (aq) + Na2CO3 (aq) 2NaCl(aq) + CO2 (g) + H2O (l) Since sodium carbonate is deliquescent, it is kept in a desiccator to prevent it from absorbing water vapour from the atmosphere. The equivalence point of a titration is the point where the reactants are present in stoichiometric proportions to each other. The end point of a titration is the stage at which the chosen
Biology CourseworkTo determine if the distribution of flora across Ellerbeck is due to chance. The valley containing Eller beck possesses a huge variety of different species of plant life, particular species are often found in specific places
Biology Coursework To determine if the distribution of flora across Ellerbeck is due to chance. The valley containing Eller beck possesses a huge variety of different species of plant life, particular species are often found in specific places across the valley, to find out why these particular plants grow in the particular places I mean to investigate where different species of plants are located and what the conditions in those particular places are, investigating the effects of several factors on the distribution of these different species across a specific area of the valley. I believe that the varied distribution of the different species investigated is directly related to, and can be explained by the differences in the factors I will be measuring, that certain plants will grow in certain places in the area because they are more suitably adapted, in whatever way to the conditions in that specific place. This is a rough diagram of Ellerbeck. I plan to perform my investigation using two information gathering techniques, after first establishing a straight line across the valley by taking a bearing using a compass from one point at the top of the South side of the valley and following that bearing down the valley, across the beck and up the other side whilst performing both a line transect and an interrupted belt transect. I also plan to perform an interrupted belt
Preparation of propanone from propan-2-ol
Date: 11/10/2011 Exp. No.: 23 Title: Preparation of propanone from propan-2-ol Aim: The aim of this experiment is to prepare propanone by oxidizing propan-2-ol with acidified potassium dichromate solution. Introduction: Ketones and aldehydes are important series in preparation of other compounds and they are commonly prepared by oxidizing alcohol which is done in this experiment. The experiment is an oxidation reaction where a secondary alcohol (propan-2-ol) is oxidized by acidified potassium dichromate. The reaction does not need to be heated but should be placed in an iced water bath as the reaction is highly exothermic. The product is propanone and no catalyst is needed for the reaction. The propanone is serparated from the reaction mixture by simple distillation and is purified using anhydrous cacium chloride. The equation of this reaction is as follow: Chromic acid is produced in situ by adding potassium dichromate (VI) with sulphuric acid and water. K2Cr2O7 + H2O + 2H2SO4 ? 2 H2CrO4 + 2 NaHSO4 The term chromic acid is usually used for a mixture made by adding concentrated sulfuric acid to a dichromate, which may contain a variety of compounds, including solid chromium trioxide. Chromic acid features chromium in an oxidation state of +6. It is a strong and corrosive oxidising agent. Apparatus and chemicals: Apparatus: Quick-fit distillation setup,
Biology lab - transpiration
AP Biology Lab 9: Transpiration Introduction Most of the water a plant absorbs is not used for a plant's daily functioning. It is instead lost through transpiration, the evaporation of water through the leaf surface and stomata, and through guttation, which is the loss of water from the vascular tissues in the margins of leaves. There are three levels of transport in plants: uptake and release of water and solutes by individual cells, short distance cell to cell transport at tissue and organ levels, and long distance transport of sap by xylem and phloem at the whole plant level. The transport of water is controlled by water potential. Water will always move from an area of high water potential to an area with low water potential. This water potential is affected by pressure, gravity, and solute concentration. Water moves into the plant through osmosis and creates a hydrostatic root pressure that forces the water upward for a short distance, however, the main force in moving water is the upward pull due to transpiration. This pull is increased by water's natural properties such as adhesion and cohesion. Transpiration decreases the water potential in the stele causing water to move in and pull upward into the leaves and other areas of low water potential. Pressure begins to build in the leaves, so to prevent downward movement, guttation occurs. Guttation occurs through leaf
Exploring the genre and style of the Political Interview - Paxman and Galloway interview
Exploring the genre and style of the Political Interview Introduction Politics is an area in society which is accepted as an important aspect of our lives. It governs our country and, as a result, affects how we conduct our everyday affairs. Since the commercial availability of television, politicians have had the opportunity to express party views, promote their manifesto and justify controversial actions. Live interviews have allowed the nation to put forward questions they want answered, significantly progressing the basis on who we decide to vote for to govern our country. These interviews are perhaps most notable on Newsnight, hosted by Jeremy Paxman. Paxman became a presenter of Newsnight in 1989 and has since been a pioneer in the interrogative style used to unnerve his interviewees. This topic is of particular interest due to the nature of the interaction between a representative of the audience (the interviewer) and the politician. In many cases, it is evident that politicians adopt a tactful stance when answering questions in order to prevent perceptions and retain popularity. Interviews often gain entertainment value when questions are put forward that place the interviewee in a difficult stance, and more so when an attempt is made to divert the topic to suit the interviewees position. This is a typical method used in order to gain control of conversation, and
Heat of Neutralization. Objective: To investigate the enthalpy changes () of various acid-base neutralizations.
Title: Heat of Neutralization Objective: To investigate the enthalpy changes () of various acid-base neutralizations. Chemicals and Apparatus: .0M hydrochloric acid, ~1.0M sodium hydroxide solution, one thermometer, one polystyrene foam cup with lid, two pieces of 50.00 burette, two filter funnels, one piece of 25.00 pipette, pipette filler and a 100 beaker. Background: All chemical reactions involve energy changes. The study of energy changes is an important part of chemistry. Fundamental to the thermo-chemistry is the law of conservation of energy, which states that energy is neither created nor destroyed, but can be converted from one form to another. An exothermic reaction is one in which stored chemical energy is converted to heat energy (heat is released to the surroundings), conversely an endothermic reaction is one in which heat energy is converted to chemical energy (heat is absorbed into the system). The enthalpy (H) of a substance, sometimes called its heat content, is an indication of its total energy content. The equation for calculating the enthalpy change (heat change) is given by ?H = -m x c x ?T where m is the mass of the sample, c is the specific heat capacity of the sample and ?T is the change in temperature. The sign for ?H indicates the direction of heat flow, positive for endothermic processes and negative for exothermic processes. In this
Experiment investigating hydrogen bonding in different chemicals.
Tsuen Wan Public Ho Chuen Yiu Memorial College Form 6 Chemistry Practical Experiment 8: Hydrogen Bonding Date of experiment: 27-1-2011 Objective: A. To discover the existence of hydrogen bonds between ethanol molecules B. To measure the strength of hydrogen bond formed between ethanol molecules C. To investigate the formation of hydrogen bonds between molecules of ethyl ethanoate and trichloromethane D. To measure the strength of hydrogen bonds formed between molecules of ethyl ethanoate and trichloromethane Introduction: A hydrogen bond is the attractive interaction of a hydrogen atom with an electronegative atom, such as nitrogen, oxygen or fluorine, that comes from another molecule or chemical group. The hydrogen must be covalently bonded to another electronegative atom to create the bond. These bonds can occur between molecules, or within different parts of a single molecule. The hydrogen bond (5 to 30 kJ/mol) is stronger than a van der Waals interaction, but weaker than covalent or ionic bonds. This type of bond occurs in both inorganic molecules such as water and organic molecules such as DNA. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding is responsible for the high boiling point of water (100 °C) compared to the other group 16 hydrides that have no hydrogen bonds. Intramolecular hydrogen bonding is partly responsible for the secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures
Discuss the relative importance of physical and human factors in accounting for changes to vegetation over time within ecosystems in the British Isles
Discuss the relative importance of physical and human factors in accounting for changes to vegetation over time within ecosystems in the British Isles The British Isles is an example of a Lithosere succession, in that it began as bare rock from glacial retreat. The plant succession started with the pioneer species which were algae and bacteria. Both began to broke down rock surface through weathering. Then lichens and mosses began growing in the area which helps with water retention and provides a base for soil. The next stage of primary succession is herbs/grasses/flowering plants/ferns. These add nutrients and organic matter to the ground which provided soil. Next, shrubs invaded and colonised the area. Shrubs dominate and shade out the sere below them. Small trees such as birch and willow were the following sere which invaded and colonised the area. They produced humus from leaf fall which provided nutrients for the soil through nutrient recycling and encouraged new growth of the sere. The last sere is the larger trees which are oak and ash which dominate the area and shade out smaller trees. This sere is the climax community in that it is stable and no further succession happens after. The climax community is the deciduous woodland biome we know today. The main characteristics include the location in which they are found, which is in temperate maritime climate such as
