What is a species?
What is a species? "Species is a Latin word meaning 'kind' or 'appearance.'" (Campbell and Reece, 2005, p.473). However, clarifying what actually constitutes a species is controversial, as Biologists cannot agree on a specific definition of the word. Species is a term used by humans in attempt to place different 'kinds' of organisms into distinct groups using taxonomy - biological classification. A scientific name in the form of a binomial nomenclature is used to describe these groups. It is always written in italics with the capitalised Latin genus name followed by the species name. Species, therefore, is a fundamental category in taxonomy and important in the scientific naming of organisms. It is therefore essential for us to have a proper understanding of species. However, as a consequence of Biologists being divided in opinion on the nature of species, several concepts have been proposed to define the term. Therefore the answer to the question 'what is a species?' differs depending on which species concept is applied. The biological species concept (BSC) is the most frequently used and widely accepted definition of species. This concept was originally proposed in 1942 by biologist Ernst Mayr. Ernst Mayr stated that "species are groups of interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively isolated from other such groups." (Ernst, 1963 cited in Ridley,
influences of genetic, environment and socio economic factors on the development of the individual
Lifespan Development Assignment describing the influences of genetic, environment and socio economic factors on the development of the individual. There are lots of factors that can influence development, for good and bad. The environment around us can affect our development. So can socio economic factors. Genetic factors can influence development also. I will be exploring these in my essay. Each individual will be affected differently by influences on development. Some will be affected more, some will be affected less. Genetics Down's Syndrome Down's syndrome affects one in 1,000 babies born. Down's syndrome occurs when there is one extra chromosome present in the gene makeup. Down's syndrome is the most common chromosomal disorder, and one of the most common causes of learning difficulties. Some are more severely affected than others. It is not known why Down's syndrome happens. Women born with Down's syndrome will generally have a shorter lifespan then men. (This is the opposite to people not born with Down's syndrome) There is no cure for Down's syndrome but a range of support and treatment is available to improve the quality of their life. With treatment and support the average lifespan of someone with Down's syndrome is about sixty years. Physically, babies will look slightly different to other babies - e.g. Their eyes may slant upwards and outwards,
Letter to daniel
"Letter to Daniel" Critical Essay "Letter to Daniel" by Fergal Keane is a non-fiction text that triggers an emotional response in the reader. Keane uses effective language, word choice, structure, setting and tone to reflect on his own personal experience which he uses to address the wider themes of the importance of family, forgiveness and the fallibility of man. The text takes the format of a letter from a new father to his newly born son. Keane uses this to reflect on his life experience as not only a new father but also a war correspondent. It also reflects on the horrors of child suffering he has witnessed, his relationship with his alcoholic father and how fatherhood clearly changes his outlook on life. Keane effectively uses language and structure in the opening paragraphs to evoke an emotional response from the reader. The fact that the text is written in letter format highlights that it is something personal. It includes first person thoughts and feelings of the reader which are usually meant for the person the letter is addressed to only. Kean's use of the vocative " My Dear Son" at the beginning of the first paragraph immediately emphasises the feelings he has towards his son and it makes the reader think that the letter is written from the heart. Throughout the letter Keane uses repetition. He says, " We had wanted you, and waited for you, imagined you and
The cloning of Dolly.
Contents Subject Page No. Introduction 2 Definitions of Terms 3 - 4 Arguments for and against 5 - 10 What the law states on the subject 1 Case studies 2 - 14 Islamic Perspective on Cloning 5 - 17 Personal Evaluation 8 Bibliography 9 Introduction Cloning On the 23 February 1997, the world woke up to news of a new technological advance. This advance was embodied in a "little lamb" going by the name of Dolly. At first glance, one could be forgiven for wondering what was so special about this white-faced sheep. Dolly looked like hundreds of the other lambs that dot the hills and fields of Scotland; and indeed for six months this lamb had grazed quietly and unnoticed among them. Dolly appeared positively ordinary. However, Dolly, despite appearances, had a most unusual conception. She was not the end result of a fusion of sperm with egg, which had been cloned from a single cell taken from the breast tissue of an adult sheep. It was the idea that this technology could be applied to humans. The cloning of Dolly raises serious ethical questions, particularly with respect to the possible use of this technology to clone human embryos. Religious groups across the world wondered if this is a miracle was to which we can thank God for, or to ignore it as an ominous way of playing God ourselves. Ethical choices must also have to be made. The public response to
HOW DOES FITZGERALD TELL THE STORY IN CHAPTER 1 OF THE GREAT GATSBY?
"HOW DOES FITZGERALD TELL THE STORY IN CHAPTER 1 OF 'THE GREAT GATSBY'?" The opening chapter of any novel is fundamental in setting the tone for that which follows it: Fitzgerald therefore ensures that the first chapter of the 'The Great Gatsby' firmly imprints certain key themes into the mind of the reader, using a variety of devices to do so. The very first thing that Fitzgerald makes clear to the reader is the perspective from which the novel will be presented. From the first sentence, it is plain that there is a first person narrator, meaning that the narration will opinionated and cannot be taken as fact. The narrator is a man called Nick Carraway, and the first thing the reader learns about him is something which his father told him when he was younger, which he has been "turning over in (his) mind ever since" (i.e. something essential to our understanding of his views and actions: a core part of his psyche). This turns out be his father telling him that "all the people in the world haven't had the advantages that (he has) had". As a consequence of this advice, Nick tells is, he has always been "inclined to reserve all judgements", showing the reader that he will not tend to present his views on a person before he has had a chance to learn more about them. This appears to make him an ideal narrator for a story, because all of his views will be given after
Still I Rise vs I Too Sing America
Black civil rights campaigner, Jesse Jackson, once said, "I am black and I am beautiful...so I must be respected." In their poems 'Still I Rise' and 'I, too, Sing America', Maya Angelou and Langston Hughes also illustrate the idea of celebrating black pride to overcome racism. Through the use of metaphor, repetition and symbolism in their respective poems they show the reader the significance of the African American struggle for equality. In 'Still I Rise', Maya Angelou illustrates how the black race are battling to overcome the racism and hardship of their past. She employs the extended metaphor of the wave, "I'm a black ocean", to show how the black race have been oppressed, just like a tide is pushed back; but they have come back stronger, like waves that crash back to the shore. The rhyming line, "welling and swelling", symbolises the "past that's rooted in pain" of the black people - how they have been hurt, bruised and destroyed by the "hatefulness" expressed towards them, and the "swelling" of these bruises has still not fully faded. Black history is "welling" over with tales of injustice - in The Hurricane, a true film directed by Norman Jewison, Rubin 'Hurricane' Carter was sentenced to 30 years imprisonment for a murder he didn't commit just because of the colour of his skin, and there are many more victims of racism just like him. Angelou concludes the wave
"So we beat on, boats against the current, borne back, ceaselessly into the past". What significance do these closing lines have for our understanding of the novel as a whole?
"So we beat on, boats against the current, borne back, ceaselessly into the past". What significance do these closing lines have for our understanding of the novel as a whole? The main theme of this novel is "dreams", the achievement of dreams and what effect that has on the characters. All the characters in "The Great Gatsby" have a dream - some have achieved their dream and accepted this, some have achieved their dream and "like boats against the current" try to recapture their dream. However, this is unrealistic as explored throughout the novel is the fact that once dreams are achieved, they are corrupted and can never be achieved again. The first example of this we see is Tom who reached "acute excellence at twenty-one". Everything after is described as an "anti-climax" and that he would "drift on forever seeking...some irrecoverable football game". Tom has no dreams left and the image of Tom's character we get is due to this lost hope, his controlling nature and violence is because of this vanished aspiration. Tom and Daisy are linked with broken things and phrases such as "broken fragments" often appear about situations Daisy and Tom find themselves in. Speech from Tom and Daisy often breaks out from them; "civilisation is going to pieces" broke out Tom violently", and Tom's affair with Myrtle is breaking Tom and Daisy's marriage. This violent, broken, careless
Explain how arteries, veins, and capillaries are adapted for their functions. Describe what happens in coronary heart disease and explain how lifestyle may contribute to the development of this disease.
Explain how arteries, veins, and capillaries are adapted for their functions. Describe what happens in coronary heart disease and explain how lifestyle may contribute to the development of this disease. The human circulatory system is an essential network of tubes designed to transport a continuous flow of blood throughout the body delivering nutrients to and removing waste from every cell. Contemporary society is experiencing an increasing number of people suffering from an often preventable disease that occurs in this circulatory network named coronary heart disease. (Boyle, M., Senior, K. 2002). (www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/public/heart/other/chdfacts.htm). This essay will explain how the circulatory systems' arteries, capillaries and veins are adapted for their functions, what happens in coronary heart disease, and how some contemporary lifestyles may contribute to the condition. The main organ of the circulatory system is the heart, situated in the chest between the lungs. It is a hollow muscular structure consisting of four main chambers. The lower left and right ventricles have thick muscular walls to pump blood, and the upper left and right atria that have thinner walls and receive blood. This is effectively a double circulatory system as both ventricles pump blood and both atria receive blood simultaneously. The pulmonary system starts in the right
Is the European Union a State?
Is the European Union a
The Effect of Temperature on Amylase
The Effect of Temperature on Amylase Planning Independent Variable: -Temperature of the solution (°c) Dependent Variable: -The time taken for the amylase to digest the starch (mins) / The rate of the enzymatic reaction (1/min) Aim: The aim of this experiment is to investigate how temperature affects how well amylase works. Prediction & Hypothesis: Amylase is an enzyme which breaks down starch to glucose. Enzymes are globular protein molecule that accelerates a specific chemical reaction. Enzymes lowers the activation energy (-the minimum amount of collision energy required to get the reaction going) and when the temperature increases, the enzymes work faster. ?As the temperature increase, the rate of the enzymatic reation will also increase- The time for the amylase to digest the starch will also be faster as the temperature increase. This is because the higher the temperature, there are more collisions required for the activation energy to get the reaction going. Rising the temperature makes the substrate (in this case, the starch molecules) collide more often with the active site (in this case, the amylase) which results in faster rate of enzymatic reaction. ?The best temperature range for the amylase to work best at is 35-40°c- This is because if the temperature is too low (0-5°c), there will be less collision between the substrate and the active site
