Eyjafjallajkull - the Icelandic volcano eruption
Eyjafjallajökull Evacuations About 500 farmers and their families from the areas of Fljótshlíð, Eyjafjöll, and Landeyjar were evacuated overnight (including a group of 30 schoolchildren and their 3 teachers from Caistor Grammar School in England), and flights to and from Reykjavík and Keflavík International Airport were postponed, but on the evening of 21 March, domestic and international air traffic was allowed again Inhabitants of the risk zone of Fljótshlíð, Eyjafjöll, and Landeyjar area were allowed to return to their farms and homes after an evening meeting with the Civil Protection Department on 22 March and the evacuation plan was temporarily dismissed. Instead, the police closed the road to Þórsmörk, and the four-wheel-drive trail from Skógar village to the Fimmvörðuháls mountain pass, but these roads and trails were reopened on 29 March, though only for suitable four-wheel drives. When the second fissure appeared, the road was closed again because of the danger of flash floods, which could have developed if the fissure had opened near big ice caps or other snow reservoirs, but the road was again opened at around noon on 1 April. (1,800 °F) up to 150 metres (490 ft) into the air. The lava is alkali olivine basalt and is relatively viscous causing the motion of the lava stream to the west and east of the fissure to be slow. The molten lava has
Report on an Under-Developed Country. Nepal.
Nepal Have you ever been to a country where our past is in the present and our present is going to be in the future? Nepal is an undeveloped country and it is one of the “ten unprosperous countries” (Tessa Feller) in the world. Nepal is one of the most religious countries and is the only official Hindu state in the world. Nepal was only introduced to the world in 1951. Before that, Nepal was under the rule of the Rana’s, who did not allow any tourist to enter. Now, Nepal is once again a monarchy. Since then, Nepal is being introduced to many modern equipment and settlements. It is very depressing for Nepal, having to face this situation when it has many tourist attractions, and many people would like to visit a society completely different from their own. The poor economy of Nepal is holding its true potential from shining. By donating, the economy can grow and children can have a proper education. Since, tourists live in poor conditions when in Nepal, companies can invest to make hotels and make a large profit from it. Tourism is Nepal’s most important industry, although it has “suffered from the Maoist conflict” (Tessa Feller). Nepal’s tourists range from two-hundred thousand to four-hundred thousand every year. The main reason why people visit Nepal is because it is a completely different society than their own. Since Nepal was only introduced to the
Shanty towns in Brazil; why they arise and mitigation strategies
For an LIC city you have studied, discuss the attempts to manage the shanty towns Ed Martin In Sao Paolo, shantytowns, also known locally as favelas are everywhere. There have been many mitigation strategies over the past few years, some of which have been considerably more successful than others. At first, the government thought that they would be able to remove people from their makeshift accommodation and move them into proper housing. The living conditions of all the people would improve, and as the land they live on is often dangerous for a number of reasons, they would be much safer too. The first and only place in which this idea was attempted was Paraisopolis. Unfortunately, it backfired massively. The government thought that the funding supplied would be enough to move most of the people out, and improve the living conditions of the rest, but as most of the people don’t have any money at all, they could not nearly afford the move into the new buildings. Some felt a strong emotional attachment to the area, and therefore did not want to leave. This was due to the strong sense of community that they felt whilst living through hardship together, and they thought they would lose this if they left. Many charities have been set up specifically to target these areas of the city, and many large charities such as unicef do huge amounts of work and pour resources into to
Shanty towns- fact file
Shanty towns- problems and solutions Shanty towns are mostly found in developing countries, where there is an unequal distribution of wealth. Problems . Overcrowding: settlements have very high pop density, which means that there are too many people within the area. 2. Fires spread quickly 3. Overpopulation: This is due to the fact that the area does not have enough resources to support such a vast growing population. 4. Competition for jobs 5. Disease: this happens because of the poor sanitation and the limited health care, which can lead to the spread of diseases. 6. Lack of space: This can lead to the newest and poorest arrivals being forced to live in the worst quality land. 7. Infrastructure: services are bad, there is hardly any public transport and connections to the electricity supply can be limited and sometimes dangerous. In addition, the governments might not have sufficient funds available to improve the facilities or even to maintain them. 8. Increasing levels of pollution: polluted air, land and water are one of the major problems in most developing world cities such as Rio de Janeiro in Brazil. Trying to industrialise a country often comes with inevitable problems, especially as there is a lack on any legislation to protect environment. Unlicensed industries are also sometimes set up in people’s homes or rooftops, releasing their pollutants into the
Brazil Case Study LEDC Rio de Janeiro
Brazil Case Study – LEDC – Rio de Janeiro Brazil is a country situated in the North–Eastern part of the South American continent. Brazil has a population of 193 million which therefore makes it the largest country in South American and in the Latin American Region. It is the fifth largest and one of the most densely populated countries in the world. One of the largest cities in Brazil will be hosting the next Olympics which will take place in the summer of 2016. Rio de Janeiro, the second largest city of Brazil, has a rapidly increasing rate of urban growth which is one of the many reasons as to why Brazil is so densely populated. There are many reasons why people to choose to move from rural places to towns and cities. This is known as rural to urban migration. An example of rural to urban migration could be of people moving from the rural village of Caatinga to the city of Rio de Janeiro. Pull factors are the good things that encourage one to move to a specific area. Push factors are the bad things that force people away from a certain area. The push factors, which cause people to move away from places such as Caatinga to places like Rio de Janeiro are things such a drought in the land which would lead to soil becoming decreasingly fertile and therefore making farming difficult. Drought is because of the unreliable rain fall in certain areas like Caatinga. Farmers
Why did so many people die in the 2010 Haiti earthquake?
On the 12th January 2010, a tragic 7.0 magnitude quake on the Richter scale struck near Port au Prince in Haiti. This devastating earthquake was caused by a conservative plate boundary which had not caused an earthquake for 200years. 3,500,000 people were affected by the quake, 220,000 were estimated to have died, and over 300,000 people were injured. Over 188,383 houses were badly damaged 105,000 were destroyed by the earthquake (293,383 in total) and 1.5m people became homeless. After the quake there were 19 million cubic metres of rubble and debris in Port au Prince which was enough to fill a line of shipping containers stretching end to end from London to Beirut (The capital of Lebanon). Furthermore, 4,000 schools were damaged or destroyed and 60% of Government and administrative buildings, 80% of schools in Port-au-Prince and 60% of schools in the South and West Departments were destroyed or damaged. The impact of this was one of the most devastating anyone had ever witnessed. However, why did San Francisco earthquake (Loma Prieta) in 1980 which was magnitude of 6.9 in the Richter scale only cause 69 deaths compared to the death toll of 220,000 in Haiti? The area with the most damage, Port-au-Prince, was built on loose sedimentary rock, which amplifies the seismic waves and intensifies them. We can see how much extra damage the loose sediment does as houses that were
What is the issue with energy in the UK?
________________ ________________ What is the issue with energy in the UK? ________________ In the UK and in the rest of the MEDC (More Economical Developed Countries),use enormous amounts of energy that we need for our every day lives. We use a lot of electricity to light up our homes, heat our homes and cook foods. Our entire transportation system is heavily reliant on oil. Figure 1 Energy use has increased significaly since the start of the industrial revolution. This die to increase in the human population, increased production of consumer goods and increasing use of intensive such as washing machines, televisions and cars. Figure 2 The planet is running out on fossil fuels. Due to the fact most countries depend on There is a huge demand for energy worldwide (Fig 2) because countries are using it too quickly. ________________ How can families be more energy efficient in their transport choices? ________________ ________________ Walking and Cycling ________________ Half of all UK car journeys are for fewer than five miles. Short distances lies can be expensive, because cars can use twice as much fuel as when engines are warming up. Walking and cycling can be practical substitute, especially in a town or city. They’re certainly cheaper, saving on parking fees as well as fuel. Also the health benefits are huge! Public transport ________________ For
Should 3rd world debt be cancelled?
Should third world debt be cancelled? I am writing about the third world debt and why they should be cancelled, for numerous reasons. Third world debt is the poor developing countries of the world repaying loans borrowed by their leaders around the 1970’s to MEDCs (more economically developed countries). An example of a country with third world debt is Ghana, just one of the countries from the 32 in Sub-Saharan Africa which are in debt. Ghana borrowed a huge amount of money from another country to build the Akosombo dam. They are in debt because they thought it would make them a lot of money out of which they would repay the other country, but it isn’t going as good as they assumed it would and left them hanging in debt. I think they should cancel the third world debt because debt is the thing keeping LEDCs poor. E.g. Kenya spends as much on debt payments as it does on water, health, agriculture, roads, transport and finance combined together. Because of this, Kenya can’t keep any money for themselves to develop the country, but instead have to keep giving all their earned money to MEDCs. Another reason why the third world debt should be cancelled is people born now are spending their lives repaying debts for their corrupt leaders in the 1970’s even-though it’s not their fault; this is clearly not fair! Because of loans from the past, they can’t get on with
Fold Mountains case study - Andes
Fold Mountain Case Study – The Andes The Andes Mountains run the length of the West Coast of South America, rising in the North in Colombia and finishing in Chile and Argentina in the South. They are world's longest mountain range running for over 7,000km and covering 6 countries. The mountains have been formed as a result of the convergence of the Nazca plate and the South American plate. The heavier oceanic crust of the Nazca plate is pushed towards the South American plate, and because it is denser is subducted underneath. The South American plate is less dense so sits on top of this subduction zone, but the rocks of the South American plate have been folded upwards and crumpled into Fold Mountains. There are also Volcanoes and earthquakes along this destructive plate boundary - earthquakes caused by stresses building up as the 2 plates try to move past one another, and volcanoes caused by magma working its way up through vents in the Earth's crust. This has created a sequence of volcanoes and Fold Mountains, rising up to 6962m at Aconcagua. The trench (marking the boundary between the Nazca and South American plates) to the West of the Andes Mountains is called the Peru-Chile Trench, and reaches an incredible depth of 8066m under the sea level. These areas are very hard to live in because of the physical geography. The relief is very steep making farming
UK History and Changing Employment Sectors
During the 1800s in the United Kingdom most of the population were employed in the primary sector, people worked on their lands and made income from agriculture. During the industrial revolution Britain was the leading industrialised nation in textiles, steel manufacturing , ship building etc. This is the secondary sector in all its glory working to full capacity. The secondary sector takes raw materials from the primary sector turns them into manufactured products or goods. By 1900s 50% of the population were working in the secondary sector, when machines were invented it meant that less people were needed to work on the land or industry. There was a technological take over this is where machines were taking over peoples jobs because they were more efficient. In the past the primary sector had its growth and now it is in decline, after the industrial revolution the secondary sector was in growth and now it is in decline. Industries in other parts of the world have become more competitive and imported raw materials like coal has become cheaper, a s cheaper raw materials have become available a fall is seen in the UK for extraction of raw materials, this has led to a decline in the primary sector employment. In the uk there is a low percentage of people employed in the primary sector because machines and automation have taken over also the raw materials supply is
