Food Policy at a Crossroads, A World of Plenty or a World of Famine and Pestilence - An examination of competing philosophies
Food Policy at a Crossroads A World of Plenty or a World of Famine and Pestilence An examination of competing philosophies Overview The 21st century has become a world of wonders, a world of scientific and technological miracles. Moreover, a world where human kind strives to solve all of its ills without knowing enough about repercussions. If this dream is to be realized, we as an inter-dependant society, have a moral and ethical duty to make fundamental decisions as to the limits of science and technology in our every day life. Technology is emerging as the ruling power in western societies in the 21st century, and therefore, human kind is finding it more and more difficult to survive without constant aid from new hi-tech advances. Computers and the internet has become men's "best friend". Children are growing up with Nintendo and Xbox, and consequently without the wondrous knowledge of playing tag, climbing a tree, playing in the dirt or with little insects. They have no familiarity with a world without television and videogames, a natural world where everything is organic and healthy. As the futurist Alvin Toffler points out in an article in the New Scientist, "welcome to the latest installment of that (future) shock: the GM revolution. Gene therapy. Spare-part tissues grown from engineered fetal cells. Organ-donor pigs and their viruses. All these are part of
Evolution, what, and any evidence is there?
Opening In this case study I will be writing about evolution and, what, if any evidence there is. I chose this topic of science because im interested in how our species came about and how it’s been changed from theory to theory, and how it’s still being challenged. This, I hope, will interest and reading group of KS4. This may or may not help them with there GCSEs and revision. After they have read my case study, I hope they will make up there own minds using the for and against evidence presented. I will also so show my own opinion at the end of the study along with a conclusion for for and against, I will also compare the sources that I present and evaluate them to see if they are backing up their claims. Arguments for. A general explanation of how scientists think it works. This is an opening and explanation of evolution from Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_evolutionary_synthesis#The_modern_synthesis “The modern evolutionary synthesis (also referred to as the new synthesis, the modern synthesis, the evolutionary synthesis and the neo-Darwinian synthesis) is a union of ideas from several biological specialties which forms a logical account of evolution. This synthesis has been accepted by nearly all working biologists.[1] The synthesis was produced over about a decade (1936–1947), and the development of population genetics (1918–1932) was the
Genetics Research
Mitosis-The process of cell division producing daughter cells with exactly the same number of chromosomes as the mother cell. Self-bleeding, Human skin cells do this, they are Autosomes Interphase-period before Mitosis, where the cell gets ready for cell division. Interphase G1-Normal cell functions continue, the cell grows and protein synthesis occurs. Can last as little as 8-12 hours or as long as a few months. Skin cells take 8-12 hours. Interphase-Synthesis phase-Lasts 6-8 hours, the cell duplicates its chromosomes. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, so after S phase there's 46 pairs of chromosomes. G2 Phase-lasts 2-5 hours, and protein synthesis occurs. Prophase- Longest phase. Chromosomes (made up of 2 sister chromatides that are connected by the centromere) coil up and become visible. The nucleus and the Nuclear membrane begin to disappear. Centrioles begin moving to the poles of the cell. Microtubules and Spindle Fibers begin to extend between the centrioles, and chromatins begin attaching to the spindle fibers/microtubules. Metaphase- Shortest phase, spindle fibers connect the centromere, of each of the 46 pairs of chromosomes, to the centrioles. Chromosomes also line up in the middle of the cell. Anaphase- Each chromosome pair splits up, pulling a chromatid with it, forming two daughter chromosomes (Once the paired sister chromatids separate from one
What is population genetics and how is it put to practical use?
What is population genetics and how is it put to practical use? All evolutionary changes start with changes within populations (Li 1998). Therefore to gain an understanding about the principles governing evolution we must look at how populations can be subject to evolutionary forces. These forces act upon the genetic variation within a population, and population genetics deals with how evolution drives changes in the genetic structure and variation of populations. However the study of changes in the genetic variation of populations is not unique to evolutionary theory, it is very valuable in disease screening, artificial selection and forensic science to name a few. In this essay I shall describe how population genetics is investigated, from building a null hypothesis model and the reasons for deviation, to the methodology used to put theory into practise and where it is used. Allele Frequency Model Genetic variation is attributable to the existence of different forms of genes (alleles) in populations (polymorphisms). The frequencies of these genes are what contribute to the overall genetic variation, the factor population geneticists are most interested in. The frequencies of genes can be easily modelled and deduced based on the number of individuals in the population that carry them. For example in a diploid population N with two alleles A and a, the allele frequencies
Research Project "Is Cloning Beneficial or Harmful?"
Cloning? Huriya Nazari Table of content Page no. . Introduction ...............................................................3 2. Cloning: . recombinant cloning or DNA cloning……………...3-4 . Therapeutic cloning ………………………………..5-6 2. Reproductive cloning……………………………… 7-8 3. Arguments against human cloning…………………9 4. Arguments for human cloning …………………….10 . reliability and validity of data obtained……………10 2. Conclusion…………………………………………11-13 3. Bibliography……………………………………….14-15 3. Introduction I am investigating the issues around cloning and whether it is a benefit to us or harmful. 4. Cloning Cloning is asexual reproduction this is when only one parents chromosomes are inherited. This is why they are genetically identical. Examples of organisms that reproduce asexually are . Single-celled organisms like archaea, bacteria 2. Many plants 3. Fungi reproduce asexually. There are different types of cloning, all with different cloning technologies and for different purposes; recombinant DNA technology or DNA cloning, reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning. 4.1 Recombinant DNA or DNA cloning DNA contains the
General Motors Social Responsibility Strategy.
Management BUSbm2000 Assignment By Adam Tilston Reg No 00302568 General Motors Social Responsibility Strategy My chosen company is the General Motors Corporation. It goes without saying that they are one of the leading businesses in the world and could be the largest car manufacturer. Their models include such lines as the Opel, Chevrolet, Chryslers and other household names. Due to General Motors being a large company, they have many Social Responsibilities. This is because they are at the forefront of motorcar manufacturing and need to set examples to the vast customers they have. Here is a list of the some of the issues that are put into their strategy: - * Advocate product and policy positions that help improve motor vehicle safety. * Increase child restraint and safety belt use. * Reduce crashes involving younger drivers * Reduce incidence of drunk and impaired driving. These were found on the GM website and are included in their public policy. As you can see from these points, the business is showing that they are extremely willing and show concerns over the various problems associated with automobiles. It shows that the business has the potential to do good for the community. As the car industry gets more and more technical, and more people would sooner buy a safe car rather than a nice looking one, their actions will have an impact on social problems, If
Evolution Revision Notes
Evolution- Revision for test 11/03/13 Specification- . define the term variation 2. discuss the fact that variation occurs within as well as between species. 3. describe the differences between continuous and discontinuous variation, using examples of a range characteristics found in plants, animals and microorganisms. 4. explain both genetic and environmental causes of variation. 5. Outline the behavioural, physiological ad anatomical (structural) adaptations of organisms to their environments. 6. Explain the consequences of the four observations made by Darwin in proposing his theory of natural selection. 7. Define the term speciation. 8. Discuss the evidence supporting the theory of evolution, with reference to fossil, DNA and molecular evidence. 9. Outline how variation, adaptation and selection are major components of evolution. 0. Discuss why the evolution of pesticide resistance in insects and drug resistance in microorganisms has implications for humans. Variation Individuals within a species have many differences; this is known as intra-specific variation. Variation within a species has two causes- an organism’s genes and its environment. Genetic Variation Some of the variations between individuals within a species are caused by differences in their genes- genetic variation. Alleles – Different varieties of a gene for a particular
Cloning. Should it be banned? I will explain all the different types of cloning and I will be researching the scientists evidence behind each method and evaluating whether or not it is reliable
By Jonathan Stockdale Page 1 - Title page Page 2 - Contents Page 3 - Introduction into Cloning, and Asexual reproduction Page 4 - Asexual reproduction continued Page 5 - Asexual reproduction continued, and Religious views on cloning Page 6 - Religious views on cloning continued Throughout this investigation I am going to be looking at the arguments for and against cloning. I will explain all the different types of cloning and I will be researching the scientist's evidence behind each method and evaluating whether or not it is reliable. I will also be imputing my points of view on the points made, and this will put across the positive or negative aspects of cloning. What is a clone? Clones are genetically identical living organisms and can be produced commercially by taking cuttings. All the clones of 1 plant have the same genes and the same genetic history so therefore they have the same characteristics. There are many different types of cloning such as, asexual reproduction, commercial cloning of plants, animal cloning, and human reproduction. An insight into asexual reproduction. Plants can reproduce asexually. Asexual reproduction is reproduction which does not involve meiosis, or fertilization. Only one parent is involved in asexual reproduction. A more scientific definition is Agamogenesis which refers to reproduction without the fusion of gametes. 'Asexual
Research in Genetic Engineering Should Be Halted. Discuss
Research in Genetic Engineering Should Be Halted "The tools of molecular biology have enormous potential for both good and evil. Lurking behind every genetic dream come true is a possible Brave New World nightmare" (Dudley 13). Although we all might not acknowledge it, these words hold the key to the future of mankind. The science of genetic engineering, also referred to as biotechnology, first came into the scientific realm in the 1970s. This recent technology offered a new way to manipulate an organism or a population of organisms. Researchers and scientists from around the world were thrilled at the upcoming knowledge that could answer many of their questions dealing with all aspects of genetics. The new genetic engineering technology was never meant to hurt individuals. On the contrary, it offered promises of manipulating the molecules that make up the genetics of living matter in order to benefit, even save, an individual's life. Although genetic engineering promises good fortune for the human race, many questions have been raised pertaining to issues concerning safety, necessity, and, most of all, morality of the entire enterprise. It has been shown through the years, that genetic engineering not only provides great risks to men, women, and children but also presents potential dangers to the environment. True, genetic engineering can have numerous medical advantages,
Ethics in the world of Genetic Engineering
Ethics in the world of Genetic Engineering To understand the ethical implications of genetic engineering, we must first understand what genetic engineering is. Genes are units that code for specific characteristics. Such characteristics are hair and eye colour and we inherit these from our parents. It is chromosomes in the cell nuclei than enable your body to inherit features or, more specifically, it is the DNA that makes up the chromosomes that forms a unique genetic code for every human being (apart from identical twins). It is estimated that the human body has around 50,000 to 100,000 different genes contained inside, some of which have been linked to certain diseases. Scientists claim to have identified 4,000 conditions that are linked to just one fault or defect in a persons genetic makeup, which is where genetic engineering comes in. At present a project is taking place to identify the function of every gene in the human body. 'The Human Genome Project' aims to uncover the cause for many diseases and find a cure for them. One such way, is genetic engineering. Genetic engineering, as a cure for disease, is the removal of a defective gene sequence and the remodelling of it. But this isn't the only definition given for genetic engineering. Compassion in World Farming describes it as 'the taking of genes from one species of plant or
