The purpose of this experiment is to understand the law of reflection using the simplest way to see the phenomenon.
I.S.P. Science Department General Physics Laboratory Report #10 "The Law of Reflection" Laura Canzano Block: B Mr. Gonzalez Due Date: May 24, 2002 Experiment # 10 "The Law of Reflection" Students: Roberto Aleman, Javier Robayna, Shadia Palis, Laura Canzano, Giovanna, and Juan Ramon de Leon. Date Performed: May 16, 2002 Introduction: The purpose of this experiment is to understand the law of reflection using the simplest way to see the phenomenon. The problem or the research question being addressed in this experiment is whether or not we will be able to see clearly the reflected ray, and if the law will be correct. Reflection is described by the Encarta Encyclopedia as the "phenomenon of wave motion, in which a wave is returned after impinging on a surface." The laws of reflection state that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection and that the incident ray, the reflected ray, and the normal to the surface at the point of incidence all lie in the same plane. (see figure 1) When light is reflected on a polished and smooth surface such as a mirror, an image is produced, which appears to be at the same distance as the source of light. (see figure 2) My hypothesis for this experiment is that we will be able to see the basic laws of reflections being applied when shooting the light to a plane surface mirror and that the angle of incidence will
To see which different factors affect the strength of an electromagnet
Michael White 11L October 2001 GCSE Science 1 Physics Two Aim: The aim of this experiment is to see which different factors affect the strength of an electromagnet, which is made out of an iron bar, and a coil of wire. For this experiment, there are a number of different factors that could affect the strength of an electromagnet. I have narrowed it down to a few that could be chosen. The possible factors that I could choose from are: * Number of coils on the wire. * Strength of the current. * Material that is used. I believe that these are the most common factors that will affect the strength of the magnet. The factor we are going to investigate is the current. This is because it will be interesting to see how the current affects the strength of the electromagnet, and this is probably the most sensible test to do, as it is methodical. I am going to test the strength of my electromagnet by seeing how many paperclips it will hold. This is being done because it will be an accurate measurement of how strong the magnet is, and I can take off and add on paperclips, depending on the strength of the magnet. Plan For this experiment, I aim to conduct a simple plan, which should help me complete the task successfully. .Get out apparatus. 2. Set up as below 3. Do the experiment three times. 4. Clear away experiment. Diagram Power supply Ammeter Electromagnet
The Fundamentals of Radio Wave Propagation
The Fundamentals of Radio Wave Propagation How do radio waves get from one location to another? Why does a signal at generated at Point A, which is several thousand miles away, reach Point B without a complicated myriad of connecting wires? The answer, in three words, is radio wave propagation. Radio wave propagation theory is of particular importance to wireless communications, for, without a preliminary understanding of the physical nature of wave propagation it is impossible to ensure that communications can be established at all. * Transmission and Reception In a wireless environment radio frequencies are transmitted outward from a source, which is usually an antenna. Antennas provide the link between the grounded and free-space parts of a communications system. The transmitting antenna is charged with the task of transforming the electrical signal into electromagnetic radiant energy, the purpose of the receiving antennae is to accept the received radiated energy and efficiently convert it into an electrical signal for processing by the receiver. The portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that constitutes radio waves ranges from about 30 kHz to 300 GHz. (Fig. 1) Frequency Name Frequency Range Wavelength Low Frequency 0-300 kHz 30-1 km Medium Frequency (mf) 300-3000kHz 000-100m High Frequency (hf) 3-30 MHz 00-10m Very High Frequency (VHF) 30-300MHz 0-1m
Our aim for this experiment is to find out a method of increasing the strength of an electromagnet. My aim for this experiment is to see if the number of turns in the coil around a nail can affect the strength of an electromagnet.
ELECTROMAGNET INVESTIGATION Planning My Work Our aim for this experiment is to find out a method of increasing the strength of an electromagnet. My aim for this experiment is to see if the number of turns in the coil around a nail can affect the strength of an electromagnet. Whilst doing this experiment, we will need the following apparatus; an iron nail, a power pack, some wire to wrap around the nail, leads, crocodile clips, a variable resistor, and some paperclips. The variables of this experiment, to change the strength of the magnet we could change the iron core; you can get soft iron and normal iron. You change the number of coils, change the current, or change the resistance, or change the thickness of the wire. My partner and I chose to change the amount of coils around the nail, for our experiment. 'Soft' iron loses its magnetism very quickly when the current stops. Normal iron keeps its magnetism when the current stops. There are also different methods, which we could use to test the magnetism of the electromagnet. We could either count the number of paperclips the magnet can pick up. We could weigh the amount of iron filings the magnet is able to pick up, we could measure the distance in which the magnet will start to attract a paperclip, or we could have calculated the force in Newton's the magnet is able to pull, by using a Newton meter. In my
How Does the Number of Coils On An Electromagnet Affect Its Strength?
Planning Aim To find out how the number of coils on an electromagnet affects its strength. Background Knowledge An electromagnet is a temporary magnet; the magnetic field only exists when an electric current is flowing through it. A magnetic field can be produced if a wire is wrapped around an iron core and a current is passed through the wire. The strength of the electromagnet depends on how many coils you wrap round and how high the voltage is. Variables Amount Of Paper Clips Picked Up. This is the dependent variable of my. I will count how many paper clips have been picked up so I can see the strength of my electromagnet I will keep the paper clips the same size to ensure a fair test Coils This is my independent variable. I will change this to investigate the effect it has on the strength of the electromagnet. Current This is a controlled variable in my experiment. I will keep the same current so that the experiment is fair. Prediction I predict that as the numbers of coils are increased the magnetic field will become stronger, so the more coils there are the more field lines there are which means it would be a stronger electromagnet. The electromagnet will become stronger if we add more coils because this is generating more field lines over a wider area compared to a straight piece of wire. Method . Connect everything together and put the voltage on the
How does the number of coils on an electromagnet affect its strength?
Science Coursework: How does the number of coils on an electromagnet affect its strength? Aim: - To establish whether a variation in the number of coils will affect an electromagnet's strength. Scientific Knowledge: - The concept of electromagnets is fairly simple. An iron nail wrapped in a series of coils of insulated wire and then connected to a battery, will enable the nail to pick up paper clips. This is because the current emitted from the battery to the coils magnetises the nail. This is known as an electromagnet. The current passing through an electromagnet produces a magnetic field. Therefore, the more turns of the coil you have, the greater the magnetic field and the stronger the electromagnet. This will mean more paper clips being picked up by the nail. The strength of an electromagnet can also be altered by varying the current or voltage. The more induced voltage, the stronger the electromagnet. An alternative way to strengthen an electromagnet is to replace the core with a "soft" iron core. Prediction: - An increase in the number of coils applied to the iron nail will cause an increase in the number of paperclips being picked up. (a positive correlation between the two variables) This prediction derived from the scientific knowledge above - 'Therefore, the more turns of the coil you have, the greater the magnetic field and the stronger the
Investigating the Factors that Affect the Strength of an Electromagnet.
Investigating the Factors that Affect the Strength of an Electromagnet By Danielle Clarke I am trying to find out whether changing the number of turns in a wire around a nail affects the amount of weights the electromagnet can hold. Introduction The basic idea behind an electromagnet is simple: By running electric current through a wire, you can create a magnetic field. Electromagnets start with a battery and a wire. The battery produces electrons. If you attach a wire between the positive and negative terminals of a battery, three things will happen: ) Electrons will flow from the negative side to the positive side as fast as they can. 2) The battery will drain quite swiftly so it is not a good idea to connect the positive and negative terminals to each other directly. You can normally connect a load in the middle of the wire (like a motor, light bulb, radio, and nail) so the electrons can do work that is useful to us. 3) A small magnetic field is generated in the wire and this is the basis of the electromagnet. The picture below shoes the shape of a magnetic field surrounding the wire. A circular magnetic field develops around the wire and the field weakens as it moves further away from the wire. The field is perpendicular to the wire and the direction of the field depends on what direction the electric current is flowing through the wire. Because the magnetic
What factors affect the strength of an electromagnet?
What factors affect the strength of an electromagnet? Introduction I will be testing the factors which will make an electromagnet stronger. When insulated wire is wrapped round an iron nail and the ends of the wire are connected to a battery the nail becomes capable of picking up iron filings and paper clips. This is called an electromagnet. The nail is magnetised by the current in the wire. If the battery is disconnected then the iron clips will fall off. This is because most of the magnetism has been lost. The passage of an electric current along a wire creates a magnetic field around the wire. The fields are in the shape of a series of concentric rings. The more coils used in the electromagnet, the stronger the magnet is. If there is one coil, and another is added, then the two coils have twice the strength of one. This is because the current going through the wire makes the soft-iron core is the factor that induces electromagnetism, as so when there is more current, there will be more wire or a more magnetised core. Electromagnets are magnets which are created and are easily controlled by electricity. All magnets have a region of space around them called the magnetic field which exerts a force on any magnetic material such as iron and steel or any other magnet which enters it. This force can be attractive and repulsive. If an electric current flows through a coil of
Focal length of Concave and Convex lens
Focal length of Concave and Convex lens Objective In this experiment, we are going to use three different methods and one method to find the focal length of an unknown-focal length of convex lens and concave lens. Apparatus 2 meter rules, a light box, a white-coloured screen, a D.C. power supply, 2 lens holders, a plane mirror, a transparent object F, two-unknown focal length of convex and concave lens. Theory Since the convex and concave lenses are made of glasses, the focal lengths are actually the convergent point of all refracted light sources. So, the main theory that we are applying is the refraction theory and also the Lensmaker's equation. is an equation which shows the relationship between the focal length with the object and image distances. With mathematical simplification, the Lensmaker's equation can be applied as follow . Procedure Type A is a convex lens with shorter diameter B is a convex lens with longer diameter METHOD I, We put the lens in front of the window and then try to obtain a sharp image on the screen. When we get a sharp image, then measure the distance between the screen and the lens and name it as F. The distance, F, is the focal length of the lens. Method II First, put a light source with a transparent object F in front of a convex lens. Then adjust the distance between the lens and the light source and mark down the distance as
Using paperclips to experiment the effects of the strength of a magnet
-1- Jack Mariner Physics Coursework Using paperclips to experiment the effects of the strength of a magnet Introduction I am going to carry out an experiment, which involves different amounts of coils wrapped around a magnet (forming, with the aid of electricity from a power pack, an electromagnet). The purpose being to establish the relationship between the number of coils and the amount of paper clips picked up. Originally the idea was to count the clips that the electromagnet picked up, but this proved too time consuming. Because of this, we decided to weigh the clips that had been attracted instead. Research Magnetism Certain materials exert invisible forces, similar to electric forces. A magnet will attract objects made of iron, and a few other metals. I am using paperclips, which are made out of iron. Magnetism from electricity A connection between electricity and magnetism was discovered (accidentally) by Orsted over 100 years ago, who noticed that a compass needle is deflected when brought into the vicinity of a current carrying wire. Thus, currents induce in their vicinity magnetic fields. An electromagnet is simply a coil of wires which; when a current is passed through, generate a magnetic field. Electromagnet An electromagnet can also be called a Solenoid. An electromagnet can consist of just one wire, but usually an electromagnet is made up of
