The Temperature Preference of Woodlice
The Temperature Preference of Woodlice Zack Lindahl IB3b 2008-03-12 Aim The aim of this laboration was to see what temperature woodlice preferred in the range of 21°C-25°C. Hypothesis As woodlice burrow and prefer moist environment they are likely to prefer cool places over warm places, so they will probably seek away from the light. Variables Independent: Temperature. The temperature was changed via a heat lamp which warmed one end of the plastic box evenly. Dependant: The number of woodlice present in different temperature zones. Controlled: Moisture. Equally moist pieces of paper were placed evenly over the bottom of the box. Lighting. The lighting in the room was even and the box was placed in a location were there did not occur any major shady spots within it. The light of the heat lamp was filtered out by a piece of paper. Soil distribution. An even layer of soil was spread over the surface. Size of zones. The size of the 8 different zones was all measured to be 5 cm in width. List of materials 40x20 cm Plastic box Paper towels Heat lamp 8 Thermometers Procedure A plastic box that was large and shallow enough was selected and an infrared heat lamp was put on the short side. The area was divided into 8 zones of 5 cm width. A thermometer was placed within each zone. Moist paper towels were put into the box and a thin layer of soil was spread over
The transport system
BY: ZABIOULLAH FOKERBUX 6.2.1- Draw and label a diagram of the heart showing the four chambers, associated blood vessels, valves and the route of blood through the heart. 6.2.2- State that the coronary arteries supply heart muscle with oxygen and nutrients The coronary arteries form part of the aorta, which branch off to the semilunar valve. The role of the coronary arteries is to supply blood to the heart muscles with nutrients and oxygen (for aerobic cell respiration, providing energy for muscle contraction). 6.2.3- Explain the action of the heart in terms of collecting blood, pumping blood, and opening and closing of valves. The heart is split into four chambers: right and left atrium, and right and left ventricle. The atria are the collecting chambers (collecting blood from the veins at low pressure) and the ventricles are the pumping chambers (pumping blood at high pressure through the arteries to prevent backflow). There is a sequence of contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole) of the heart muscle in one heartbeat. The sequence starts when blood is returning to the heart at low pressure via the atria (from the pulmonary vein and vena cava, relaxation of the atria is called atrial diastole). Oxygenated blood enters the left atrium and deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium. The tricuspid and bicuspid valves are closed. As the blood fills in the atria, the
Effects of Temperature on Enzymes
Effect of temperature on enzymes DESIGN Aspect 1 - Defining the problem Investigate the effect of temperature on enzymes, by calculating the amount of gas produced in the reaction at different temperatures. Variables * Independent variable: temperature * Dependant variable: amount of gas produced * Variables not changed: amount of potato, pH, volume of H2O2, same time, type of potato and preparation of specimen. Aspect 2 - Controlling variables . Collect necessary equipment and materials. 2. Set up apparatus for the experiment as shown. 3. Weigh 2g of minced potato using a scale up 1/100 of a gram. 4. Put the potato in the conical flask and add 5cm3 of buffer solution at 70°C. Swirl gently to mix. Temperature must be stable while reaction is taking place. 5. Replace the bung in the flask, ensuring that it is at right seal. 6. Fill the burette with water and introduce into it the tube that comes from the flask bung. Invert carefully into the beaker that contains water. 7. Measure 5cm3 of hydrogen peroxide into the syringe and connect it to the flask. The H202 has to be at the same temperature as the water in the container, if the water is at 70°C, the H2O2 ha to be at 70°C as well. 8. Inject the H2O2. Immediately, start counting time with a stopwatch and record measures of the level of water in the burette every 30 seconds. 9. Repeat the experiment but
Stem Cell Reflection
Stem Cell Debate Reflection Over many years the use of stem cell research has been debated over, and it is yet inconclusive. My personal opinion on the use of stem cell research, highly regards the potential it holds to unveil a new beginning in the world of science. Imagine a world where one no longer has to suffer from their severe illness, or where someone is told that they will complete a miraculous recovery. This world is in our reach, and if we don't act upon it, we could be missing the opportunity of a lifetime. Summarizing the main points from the debate, the pro side said that stem cell research allows scientists to analyze different stem cells, and be able to replicate them for humans that are in need. It attempts to create a solution from different types of stem cells to heal the body and the organs that suffer. There are a variety of different kinds of stem cells in our body. The ability to be able to provide someone with aid from a serious disease like Parkinson's, is truly a miraculous discovery. By researching these stem cells, humans will no longer be at risk. We will be able to have organs and limbs grown from scratch rather than having a donor. The con side said that religious figures claim that the use of stem cell research would be immoral and would be playing "God". They feel that only God can determine how long one should live, or how they should die.
Pill Bug lab. Question- What type of environment attracts the most amounts of pill bugs?
Dylane Jacobs Period 4 9/9/09 Pill Bug Vs Environment Lab Background Information- Pill Bugs are also known as wood lice. Pill Bugs are actually isopods and not bugs. They are dark brown or black and they have 7 legs. Pill Bugs mostly eat rotten vegetation such as vegetables. Pill bugs live in wet locations. They are found under damp objects or in organic garbage. If pill bugs enter a building, they will often dry out and die. There are 5 types of pill bugs, but are extremely similar. The pill bug has a tendency to roll up to protect them selves from harm; they were given the nickname "rollie pollies" because of this. They also are very active and love to try to escape. Question- What type of environment attracts the most amounts of pill bugs? Hypothesis- The pill bugs will be attracted to the soil more because it is closer in texture and make to their own natural habitat. Their natural habitat is under rocks, with soil and leaves. Variables- Manipulated Variable= Environment Responding Variable= Amount of pill bugs Controlled Variable= amount of environment ( 25 ml), amount of pill bugs (15), choice plate, temperature, and time of trials. Controlling Variables- The first variable that needed to be controlled was the amount of environment in each section of the choice plate, ultimately creating a necessity to make the choice plate a controlled variable. To control
Outline the use of polymerase chain reaction to copy and amplify minute quantities of DNA and Describe the application of DNA profiling to determine paternity and also in forensic investigations
Genetic engineering and biotechnology Outline the use of polymerase chain reaction to copy and amplify minute quantities of DNA: PCR basically gives researchers the opportunity to produce large amount of DNA sequence copies with out using up limited samples. This is done through 6 cycles where a piece of DNA is selected, raised to about 95 degrees Celsius, add primers, polymerase and nucleotides, allow the primers to bind to the DNA by lowering the temperature to 53 degrees and eventually repeat the cycle of temperature changes about 20 times. State that, in gel electrophoresis, fragments of DNA move in an electric field and are separated according to their size: Gel electrophoresis is a procedure utilized in biochemistry and molecular biology (also used in situations such as crimes scenes and DNA testing) to separate DNA molecules by size. In order to perform gel electrophoresis, DNA (which is negatively charged due to the phosphate groups in the backbone of DNA) and thus DNA will travel towards the positive electrode. During this procedure it is evident that as the pieces of DNA travel through the gel they will meet a resistance, meaning that it would be more difficult for larger pieces of DNA to move through the gel than smaller fragments, thus larger fragments move slower than smaller fragments. This is what allows the separation of all different sizes of DNA
investigating the action of pepsin on egg white
Investigating the action of pepsin on egg white Data Collection: The following table shows the lengths of egg white in a number of tubes before and after boiling: Contents The length before boiling(cm) The length after boiling(cm) Tube 1 HCL+Water 5.2 5.2 Tube 2 Pepsin+Water 4.7 4.7 Tube 3 HCL+Pepsin 5.5 5.2 Tube 4 HCL+Water+boiled Pepsin 4.9 4.9 Tube 5 Water 5.2 5.2 Table (1) Conclusion and Evaluation: While the food is in the stomach, it is mixed with acid, and enzymes, so chemical digestion takes place. During this, the peristaltic movements on the muscles in the wall of the stomach will mix the food until it is almost a fluid while is called chyme. After some, time the circular muscle between the stomach and the small intestine called pyloric sphincter opens briefly and a small amount of acid chyme is allowed into the duodenum. The wall of the stomach is made of protein, and pepsin works on proteins in order to avoid self-digestion of the stomach wall, pepsin is released as an inactive form (Pepsinosion), which is activated by the acidic environment that's why stomach secretes HCL In this experiment, we are investigating the action of the enzyme pepsin on the egg white (the protein). We know that enzymes are proteins that catalyze a reaction by lowering the activation energy. The substrate used in this experiment consists of the egg
Isotonic Point of Potatoes
Isotonic Point of Potatoes - Biology Lab Report Topic: Chemicals of Life Research Question: To find the isotonic point of potato (Solanum tuberosum) by varying the concentration (M) (+/- 0.06 M) (0.10,0.15,0.20,0.25,0.30 M) and measuring the change in length of potato strips (cm) (+/- 0.01 cm). Background Information: Isotonic Point: The isotonic point is the point where the concentration of the solution is the same as the concentration of the cell. It means that there are equal amounts of 'free' water (not bound to solutes) in the solution and the potato. http://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20061216095625AAOZv8h Potato: A plant tuber, Solanum tuberosum, eaten as a starchy vegetable, particularly in the Americas and Europe Variables: Independent: ) Concentration of Glucose solution (M) (+/- 0.06 M) (0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30) Dependent: ) The change in mass and length of the potato chips (cm) (+/- 0.01 cm) Controlled Variable: Method of control Initial length of the potatoes strips used for the experiment (cm) (+/- 0.01 cm) The potatoes will be cut to a specific initial length before using them in the experiment using an accurate measuring instrument and a scalpel Volume of the Glucose solution (cm3) Using a measuring cylinder (+/- 0.05 cm3) the same volume of water will be measured out for each solution. The duration of the exposure of the
Seed germination experiment. Aim: To investigate the following factors affecting seed germination (warmth, water, light, air)
Victor Vildé 10 may 2010 Seed germination I) Aim: To investigate the following factors affecting seed germination (warmth, water, light, air) II) Hypothesis: The seeds with all the factors will be the best developed. I think the grains without water, air and warmth will not grow because seeds need water and warmth to be activated and they need oxygen to develop. The seeds without light will grow but it will not have a green colour because the plants need light to make photosynthesis. III) Variable: Constant: cotton wall, surface area of the boiling tube, water, light, air. Independent variable: warmth Dependent variable: seeds germination IV) Laboratory apparatus: * 5 Boiling tubes to put the seeds in a special environment with different factors (no warmth (1), no water (2), no light (3), no air(4), Control (5)) * Boiling tube rack: to hold the boiling tube while we are preparing the experiment V) Method: We put five boiling tube in a boiling tube rack. In the five boiling tube we put a cotton wall at the bottom with 10 seeds on it. Then we take one of the boiling that we put aside. This boiling tube will be the case with no water. We take the four left and we put the same amount of water in them. Then we take three of them to be the cases with no light, no warmth and the control. With the last one we put oil in it to be the case with no
Digestion notes
BY: ZABIOULLAH FOKERBUX 6.1.1- Explain why digestion of large food molecules is essential Foods we eat are made up of many substances and many of them come from other organisms which exist as large complex organic molecules and sometimes not compatible with our digestive system, thus it is needed to be broken down and put in a suitable form to facilitate the ingestion. Sometimes the food molecules are too large therefore these molecules have to be broken down into small food molecules, which can enter the blood, move around the body (in the blood circulatory system) and enter cells via diffusion or active transport (movement of substances across membranes using energy in the form of ATP (Adenosine Tri Phosphate) where they are needed for a particular function. The action of breaking large food molecules, using teeth is known as the mechanical digestion. 6.1.2- Explain the need for enzymes in digestion The three main types of food molecule need to be digested are: starch, protein and triglycerides (fats& oil). This is not possible by mechanical digestion thus the use of enzymes can do the work! Enzymes are biochemical catalysts, which speeds up a reaction but does not take part in the reaction. They are made of protein. Enzymes break the insoluble food molecule into soluble food molecule. The process is called chemical digestion. An enzyme breaks down only a particular
