Environmental Factors affecting plant growth
E Rashmeen Jaggi Science Investigation - 10B 24th September 2009 An Investigation into Plant Growth Environmental Factors that Affect Plant Growth This unit we looked at different ways of improving plant growth and how do different environmental factors affect the growth of plant. The experiment was mostly to find out which factors would affect the growth of the plant and how. This report mainly focuses on how deficiency of phosphorus affects the growth of a radish plant and why. Research question How does the deficiency of phosphorus affect the plant growth as measured by number of leaves, surface area of leaves and root length? How much time will a plant take to grow or how healthy a plant will be if the plant does not obtain the required amount of phosphorus from the Sach solution? The independent variables of this experiment were complete sach solution and sach solution without phosphorus, which were measured using a measuring cylinder. The amount of complete sach solution and sach solution without phosphorus were balanced in the following ways: * 100% complete sach solution to 0% sach solution without phosphorus * 75% complete sach solution to 25% sach solution without phosphorus * 50% complete sach solution to 50% sach solution without phosphorus * 25% complete sach solution to 75% sach solution without phosphorus * 0% complete sach solution to 100% sach
Osmosis Experiment. This experiment is to consider how salinity influences osmosis in potato cells.
How different concentrations of sodium chloride influence osmosis in potato cells 03/11/2010 Table of Contents .1 Defining the problem 3 Research Question 3 Hypothesis 3 Background Information 3 Osmosis 3 Effect of Salinity on Potato Cells 3 Salinity Concentrations 4 TABLE 1: Practical Investigations Variables 4 TABLE 2: Replicate Options 5 .2 Controlling Variables 6 Control Experiment 6 TABLE 3: Control Treatment of Variables 6 .3 Experimental Method 7 TABLE 4: Materials 7 Method 7 DIAGRAM 1: Experimental Set Up 1 (No time limit) 8 DIAGRAM 2: Experimental Set Up 2 (Short time limit) 8 2.1 Recording Raw Data 9 2.1.1: TABLE 5 Quantitative Data 9 2.1.2: TABLE 6 Qualitative Data 10 2.2 Processing Raw Data 10 2.2.1 TABLE 7: Mass of potato cubes after osmosis 10 2.2.2 TABLE 8: Sample Calculation 11 2.3 Presenting Processed Data 11 2.3.1 TABLE 9: Results Table 11 2.3.2 GRAPH 1: Results Graph 12 3.1 Conclusion 13 3.2 Evaluating Procedures 13 3.2.1 Reliability 13 3.2.2 Limitations/ weaknesses/ errors in laboratory investigations 13 Time as the main issue 13 Measuring Scales 13 3.3 Improvements 14 . Design .1 Defining the problem Research Question Have you ever accidentally cooked a solanum tuberosum (potato) in high sodium chloride (salt) concentrated water? What was the result? This experiment is to consider how salinity influences osmosis in
Extended Essay- How is production of carbon dioxide (CO2) during digestion affected by the type of carbohydrate consumed, in reference to artificial versus natural?
Biology How is production of carbon dioxide (CO2) during digestion affected by the type of carbohydrate consumed, in reference to artificial versus natural? Nicole Davis Mr. McGregor Extended Essay Word count: 3,071 Abstract Most gas production is due to the digestion of carbohydrates. The goal of this experiment is to identify a difference, immense or minute, of carbon dioxide released from artificial (ex. Splenda) and natural (ex. Cane sugar) carbohydrates. The best way to determine a difference is to collect the carbon dioxide released (and other gases as well) from a water-yeast-carbohydrate mixture. By the end of the experiment, there was an identifiable difference between the natural and artificial carbohydrate's reaction with yeast. Previous experiments and literature supports the data collected in this experiment. The answer as to why and how the release of carbon dioxide occurs is found in the research performed. The conclusion of this paper turns to artificial sweeteners being the main gas producer during digestion. There was not a big difference between the two forms of carbohydrates, but there was a single group of sugars that produced more carbon dioxide in the end. The results from the research were found to be in agreement with my hypothesis, data, and conclusion. In the end, digesting sugars will always produce gas, but natural carbohydrates
Transpiration Investigation
Investigation into the effect of varying light levels on the transpiration rate of the Cherry laurel, Prunus laurocerasus L. Introduction In vascular plants movement is water up the xylem from the roots to the leaves is an essential process, responsible for supplying the plants tissues with water and maintaining cell turgor (which has a role in preventing the plant wilting). Aside from the weak "push" effect of the difference in water potential between the soil and the roots, the main force for transpiration in water evaporating from the spongy mesophyll tissue in plant leaves. The rate of evaporation depends a number of factors- some directly affecting the rate at which water evaporates (such as temperature, wind speed, humidity) and others affecting the number of stomata that are open, such as light levels. The use of a gas pressure sensor is a well-documented way to measure the rate of a plant's transpiration. The plant cutting is inserted cut-end-on to a plastic tube full of water, the other end being connected to a gas pressure sensor. As the plant takes up the water through the transpiration stream the volume within the tubing deceases, and the pressure changes with it. So if the change in pressure is recorded over a period of time the transpiration rate can be calculated from these values Hypothesis There are two factors that may affect the rate of
Biology Industrial Melanism of Peppered Moth Lab
Biology Lab Industrial Melanism and the Peppered Moth Design Question How might the appearance of individuals influence their likelihood of being seen and eaten by predators? What influence might natural selection have on survival from predators? Hypothesis The appearance of individual will influence their likelihood of being seen and eaten by predators. In the case of different moths, there will be more of melanic moths on dark-coloured tree bark, more light-coloured moths on light-coloured tree bark and intermediate-coloured tree bark. This is because of their ability to camouflage in those habits and therefore have higher survival rates from predators. As the opposite colour of moth from its habit dies off, natural selection will favour the moths that can camouflage to its surroundings. Variables The independent variable of the experiment is the light and dark-colour "tree bark". The dependent variable is the percentage of light-coloured and melanic moths. The control is the intermediate-colour of the tree bark and the time of 4 seconds Materials Light-coloured "tree bark" Intermediate-coloured "tree bark" Dark-coloured "tree bark" 30 light-coloured paper "moths" 30 melanic paper "moths" Stopwatch Paper Pencil Procedure . A group of three was formed. 2. Materials needed were gathered. 3. The roles of the Predator, the Assistant and the Timer were taken
How does the distribution of Plantago maior differ?
Research question How does the distribution of Plantago maior varies in Sowinski Park and Bielanski Forest? Did the specialization occur? Introduction Each plant has its individual factors affecting distribution. For instance, Plantago maior grows in compacted soils, usually on road sides or near pathways, it often grows on lawns as a weed. Sometimes when two populations of the same specie are isolated from each other and grow in different environments, the process of speciation can occur, that is formation of new specie because of new conditions of environment or isolation. In this field laboratory two populations of Plantago maior will be compared. One derives from Sowinski Park and the second from Bielanski Forest. These two sites were chosen because of many differences between them. These are as follows: Sowinski Park Bielanski Forest It is a park It is a forest Surface area: 8.3ha2 Surface area: 130ha2 Created artificially by man Developed naturally Located in the city center Located further from the city center, near the suburbs Frequently visited by people Less frequently visited by people Lots of internal pathways and lawns Lots of trees, rare pathways and lawns Soil is fertilized, grass is regularly cut down Soil is not being feritilized artificially, forest grows widely Figure 1: The part of the map of Warsaw. From GoogleMaps. Legend: Green
Biological rhythms. In order to say that such a clock exists, it is essential to show that periodic behaviors really are internal not triggered by external cues such as the changes in light levels, temperature, and relative humidity.
REYHAN AYAS 0F 20217 BIOLOGICAL RHYTHM Teacher: Sirin Güntürkün 0.12.2007 Introduction Many squirrels hibernate every year, many birds migrate south for the winter, and crickets start their mating calls each day before sunset. Many plant activities, like transpiration and synthesis of certain enzymes, happen within the course of a day. But what drives these cycles of behavior is the organisms' internal clocks that help govern behavior on time scales that run from a few minutes to a year. In order to say that such a clock exists, it is essential to show that periodic behaviors really are internal - not triggered by external cues such as the changes in light levels, temperature, and relative humidity. To prove that these conditions are not effective on internal clocks, biologists have done their researches on lab conditions, where the animals can be isolated from any environmental cue. Even in this artificially constant conditions, many physiological processes continue to oscillate with their periodicities. For instance, many legumes lower their leaves in the evening and raise them in the morning. A bean plant will continue these "sleep movements" even if kept in constant light or constant darkness; the leaves are not simply responding to sunrise and sunset.1 Another example is the male teleogryllus cricket, who continue to chirp nearly 11 hours per day and start every
Experiment Colours of Light (Wavelength) absorbed by green plant
NAME : Nur Amira Rozali TITLE : COLORS OF LIGHT (WAVELENGTH) ABSORBED BY GREEN PLANT DATE : 08/02/2011 INTRODUCTION Plant contains photosynthetic materials which are responsible in the photosynthesis processes. One of the materials is chloroplast. Chloroplast is actually an organelle found in plant cells and many other eukaryotic organisms. The chloroplast, in green plant, contains many pigments; a few of them are chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, carotene and xanthophylls. All of these are natural pigments. Natural pigments1, are substances presence in animal and plant cell that produces color due to specific absorption of light and reflection of the unabsorbed light. In this experiment, the chlorophyll of the plant is going to be extracted and is centrifuged before it is tested with a set of calorimeter. Calorimeter is a device that is used to measure the absorption percentage of wavelength by a substance; in liquid state. RESEARCH QUESTION How does different green plant differ in the absorption of wavelengths? AIM To investigate the amount of absorption between two green plants (Spinach and Mustard) exposed to different range of wavelengths (440nm, 470nm, 490nm, 520nm, 550nm, 580nm, 590nm and 680nm). HYPOTHESIS The rate of absorption of between the two green plants (Mustard and spinach) is different. It is hypothesized that both spinach and mustard
Identification of Organic Compounds
Biology 35 - Identification of Proteins, Carbohydrates and Fats Aim To figure out the unknown solution based on the results of the Benedict's reagent, Iodine solution, Biuret's solution, translucency test and Sudan IV solution with the known solutions. Problem Can the results of the different tests to determine the presence of reducing sugars, starch, proteins and lipid on known solutions be used to classify and determine the unknown solution? Hypothesis Given that the unknown substance is the same as one of the known substance, the unknown substance should exert similar properties with each of the tests than its known counterpart solution. Therefore, by looking at the results, we will be able to compare the unknown solution to one of the known solutions and classify it. Test for the Presence of Reducing Sugars (Benedict's Test) Background Information Benedict's reagent is used to determine the presence of simple sugars (monosaccharides and reducing sugars). Benedict's reagent is a chemical compound made up of copper sulfate, which can detect the presence simple sugars. A reagent is a chemical that is applied to another substance in order to produce a chemical reaction that can give valuable information regarding the substance. In order to test solutions with the Benedict's reagent, a small amount is added to the solution and then is boiled for several minutes to test
Examine the correlation between soil moisture at different heights up the slope and the length of the longest leaf of a Bracken Fern
Ketan Singh Research Question: What is the correlation between soil moisture at different heights up the slope and the length of the longest leaf of a Bracken Fern? Introduction: Slapton Wood, situated in the North-western corner of the reserve, is an Ancient Woodland (an area that has been wooded since 1600AD - Slapton Wood is mentioned in the Domesday Book), and as a result has very little active management. In practise what this means is that the only work that goes on in Slapton Wood is to maintain the network of footpaths and steps, which includes the clearing of dead, dying or dangerous trees when they pose a threat to public safety. The wood itself is a National Nature Reserve and is mostly composed of Sweet Chestnut and Oak, with a reasonable amount of Ash and Beech also present. An understory of Hazel and Holly can be found throughout most of the wood. Hypothesis: I think that there will be a correlation between the length of the longest leaf of a Bracken Fern and soil moisture at different heights up the slope. This is because soil moisture will decrease up the slope as the soil gets further and further away from the river, at the bottom of the slope. The importance of the river is that some of the water it contains is absorbed by the soil, thus meaning moisture levels in the soil closest to the river would be higher than soil anywhere else. Furthermore, when it
