Financial Outlook of Spinning Industry of Pakistan: 2006-2008
Financial Outlook of Spinning Industry of Pakistan: 2006-2008 Muhammad Mushtaq Mangat 2Abdul Raheem Wahab Introduction Spinning industry of Pakistan is one of the oldest and well organized manufacturing industries of Pakistan. At the time of Partition, there were two big mills in Pakistan. However, in 2009, there are more than 450 spinning mills and nearly 12 million spindles are installed in Pakistan. These mills are providing yarn to local industry and have a significant share in international yarn trade. Furthermore, this sector has contributed a lot for the promotion of textile education and training in Pakistan. Government of Pakistan imposed education tax on the mills for National Textile University, formally National College of Textile Engineering Faisal Abad. In addition, All Pakistan Textile Mills Association (APTMA) made a generous contribution to establish Textile Institute Pakistan in Karachi (APTMA 2008). Spinning industry is capital intensive in nature and needs a huge investment to put a mill into function. Furthermore, there is a need of continuous support of banks for the regular supply of fibers. APTMA annul report of 2008 depicts that spinning industry is in crises. Nearly 20% mills have been closed down their functions and are facing crises. It is a serious matter since this sector is one of the sectors who have a significant share in employment, GDP
Produce a STEP checklist to outline the main factors influencing Nike from its wider environments.
TMA02 Question 1 [a] Produce a STEP checklist to outline the main factors influencing Nike from its wider environments. Social Influences One of the biggest social influences on Nike is the tendency for modern societies to be fad driven. Customers are fickle. Some fads that have affected Nike include; * Jogging * Aerobics * Limited Edition / Exclusivity * Brown Shoes * Pop Music * Tribal groupings * Sport popularity We have seen that Nike have been able to capitalise on fads in the past, for instance the jogging craze, the aerobics craze, and the trend for young people to wear sports good as fashion items. We have also seen how in the mid 1980's when a craze for brown shoes came in that Nike's sales suffered. Nike is also affected in a big way by age demographics. Its customer group is to a large extent made up from 15-24 year olds (figure 1). As people are living longer and the proportions of our population change to bias to older we may well see pressure on Nike sales. Gender is another issue. Nike's main decision making body and design house is dominated by "jock" type people, that is to say white, male and athletic and these people may not be best placed to move the company forward into new market areas, for instance older black females. Attitudes to social responsibility have changed particularly in the last 10 years, and particularly amongst young
One Hundred Years of Electrons.
ONE HUNDRED YEARS OF ELECTRONS. On April 30, 1897, at a meeting of the Royal Institution in London, physicist Joseph John (J.J.) Thomson declared that cathode rays lighting up a fluorescent screen were made of negatively charged particles. Thomson boldly proclaimed that these particles--which we now know as electrons--could be found in all atoms. The term "electron" as it applied to electricity actually came about in 1891 to describe the unit of electric charge in a chemical reaction. The electron was the first known subatomic corpsucle and its discovery marks the advent of particle physics. Michael Riordan (editor of SLAC Beamline, whose Spring 1997 issue is devoted to the electron centennial) refers to the electron as a truly "industrial strength" particle, since it is the workhorse of electronics, including television, telephones, and personal computers. (Many of these devices organize electrons inside transistors which were themselves developed exactly half a century ago.) Labor saving devices aside, electrons are of course the outer constitutents of all atoms and the principal currency of exchange in all chemical reactions. Faraday's Laws of Electrolysis When an electric current is made to pass through a cell, the current may cause chemical reactions to occur at its electrodes. This process is called electrolysis and the cell in which it occurs is called an
Are Tickets for Thorpe Park Price and Income Elastic?
Are Tickets for Thorpe Park Price and Income Elastic? INTRODUCTION During this project I am going to find out if Thorpe Park tickets are price and income elastic to help me do this I will be visiting Thorpe Park. If a product is price elastic it means that it is responsive to a change in price. So that a small change in price will lead to a bigger change in quantity demanded whereas if a product were inelastic a small change in price would lead to a smaller change in quantity demanded. It is measured by this equation: % Change in Quantity Demanded % Change in Price This can be shortened to be: Price x Change in Quantity Demanded Quantity Demanded x Change in Price For elasticity in general if the result of this equation is between minus one and one it means that the product is inelastic but if the result is greater than one or minus one it is elastic. The Relevant factors, which affect P.E.D for Thorpe Park tickets are: . The number of substitutes 2. The proportion of income on a commodity Price Elasticity Hypothesis: I believe that the price of Thorpe Park tickets is inelastic because: There are little or no substitutes for Thorpe Park. The nearest theme park is Chessington World of Adventures, which is at least 50 miles away. This means that if there was a change in the price of the tickets the customer would have no cheaper alternative to turn to. Therefore
tort law problem
The Law of Tort Law 202 Assignment One Gemma Bolt & Andrew Lambert Seminar Group Mondays 12.00 - 1.30 pm Gemma Bolt 053047962 Andrew Lambert 053047087 Number of words used 2,506 Table of cases . Byrne v Deane [1937] 2 ALL ER 204 2. Cassidy v Daily Mirror Newspaper Ltd [1929] 2 KB 331 3. Monson v Tussauds Ltd [1894] 1 QB 671 4. Parmiter v Coupland (1840) 6 M&W 105 5. Ratcliffe v Mc Connell [1999] 1 WLR 670 6. Salmon v Seafarers Restaurants Ltd [1983] 1 WLR 1264 7. Sim v Stretch (1936) 52 TLR 669 8. Simms v Leigh RFC Ltd [1969] 2 ALL ER 923 9. Tomlinson v Congleton District Council [2003] 3 ALL ER 1122 0. Wheat v E Lacon Co Ltd [1966] AC 552 1. White v Blackmore [1972] 2 QB 651 Table of statutes . Defamation Act 1952 Elizabeth II HMSO 2. Occupiers Liability Act 1957 Elizabeth II HMSO 3. Occupiers Liability Act 1984 Elizabeth II HMSO Question One Bill, Sally, Felicity and Andrew may be able to commence legal proceedings for defamation. Defamation is 'the publication of a statement which reflects on a person's reputation and tends to lower him in the estimation of right thinking members of society generally or tends to make them shun or avoid him'1. It is for the claimant to prove, that the statements are defamatory, they refer to the claimant and have been published2. For a statement to be defamatory it must be untrue, damage the person's
Why was neofunctionalism the dominant theoretical approach in the early years of European integration, and in what ways is it still useful today?
'Why was neofunctionalism the dominant theoretical approach in the early years of European integration, and in what ways is it still useful today?' The European Union is an entirely unique structure that takes basic ideas of cooperation and mutual interests and transforms these into an entirely unique political body. Such an organisation is complex to understand and as such, theories have been developed to explain the complex process of integration. neofunctionalism is perhaps the most well known of these integration theories. The theory, championed by Ernst Haas at the onset of integration, relies on the spill over effect - that Is, cooperation in one area leading to cooperation in further areas (Haas 1958: 49) . It is Supranational in its approach as opposed to its opposing theory - intergovernmentalism. The pinnacle of neofunctionalist thought took place during the early years of European Integration and in this essay I will explore why it was the dominant theory during this time, as well as examining its relevance today in a more modern Europe. From its onset one of the main motives behind European integration was that of forging peace. Volatility in the region had wreaked havoc with many Countries and after two world wars many of the larger powers were economically shredded. Whilst integration would bring cooperation and, perhaps, the chance of peace, it was by no means
Discuss satire in Jonathan Swift's novel Gulliver's Travels - Part IV.
Jennifer Zaino Eng 8/ Sec 1 Prof. Rosenblum Researched Analysis Essay ~ First finished paper In Jonathan Swift's novel Gulliver's Travels - Part IV ("A Voyage to the Country of the Houyhnhnms", satire is one of the genres that is used. Swift uses satire to show the flaws of humanity, and the flaws of society. The 'Yahoo' that exists within each of us is demonstrated and is an attack on the essence of man and how man, in the form of the horse-like Houyhnhnms, could be elevated to reach his ultimate potential. While the man-like Yahoos desire "power and riches," and suffer the "terrible effects of lust, intemperance, malice and envy" (Swift 249), the Houyhnhnms find these flaws so alien that Gulliver has great difficulty even making them understand the concepts. Man is not a reasonable creature because the want of power and money gets in the way of rational thinking, and of what is right and wrong. One of the many attacks that Swift directs at society is that man must lie and twist the truth to get what he wants. The "faculty of lying, so perfectly well understood, and so universally practiced among human creatures" (Swift 247) was totally foreign to the Houyhnhnms. Lying undermines the very purpose of speech-to make us understand one another. In his effort to explain European mankind to these noble creatures Gulliver is made by Swift to satirize his own society. Must men
How has the concept of free will and individual freedom been adapted
How has the concept of free will and individual freedom been adapted since the beginning Newton's mechanical universe in comparison to the concepts realised by Aristotle? To have free will is to have at least two choices fully open to us when we have to choose and also not to be forced into this choice. Free will is defined in the Oxford English Dictionary as "spontaneous will, unconstrained (to do or act)" 1and as "the power of directing our own actions without constraint by necessity or fate"2. Freedom is defined differently in the same publication, as "exemption or release from slavery of imprisonment; personal liberty"3 and as "exemption from arbitrary, despotic or autocratic control; independence; civil liberty" 4and as "the state of being able to act without hindrance or restraint; liberty of action"5. By taking this into account, one can see that although here is a difference between the two, they essentially take place hand in hand. I intend to consider how Newton's discoveries affected the Aristotelian concept of freedom, which had been long outdated. For Aristotle, the universe is a kind of life form which is commanded by a higher authority, that laws of nature preside over our world. The notion of freedom is devised as above all, communal. The order of things is commanded by this higher, divine authority. The material world (our world) is just a copy of this
Critically analyse the term development and assess its importance as a policy goal. How should development be defined? Can it be measured or assessed with any degree of operational accuracy?
CELIA MERINO HOYO, 434935 Development Economics Liverpool John Moore's University D E V E L O P M E N T E C O N O M I C S DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS ESSAY "To the dismay of the purist, but not to the development practitioner, it's difficult to give one precise meaning to the term economic development" G.M. Meier. Critically analyse the term development and assess its importance as a policy goal. How should development be defined? Can it be measured or assessed with any degree of operational accuracy? There's difficulty in giving a general and accurate definition to the concept Development. It's a term that has been continually redefined. The first definition identified this concept only with economic growth. Through history, this concept has become wider, and more abstract. Nowadays, it includes not only economic elements but also cultural, social, environmental and political. Initially, development was understood only as economic development. It was measured by a country's Gross National Product. This was clearly a mistake. It wasn't right to identify economic growth with development as if the economy grows it doesn't mean the conditions in which people live will improve. The World Bank recognised this in the World Development Report of 1991. That's why, since the 1970´s other dimensions of development, such as, gender, social, political, cultural and environmental
What is Essence in Aristotle?
What is Essence in Aristotle? Aristotle's concern with essence arises as a natural continuation of his normal method, i.e. differentiating between that which we can know, and that which is revealed to us. He opens the discussion by considering the use of the common expression 'in itself', but his handling of the concept remains controversial among thinkers, mainly due to the difficulty of the text in the Metaphysics which may confound the reader, although the idea of essence as an entity does seem quite plausible. Aristotle primarily sets out to distinguish between primary and secondary cases of essence, and what relation it has to substance. Therefore this essay will attempt to explore Aristotle's notions of essence in relation to individuals and composites, and also discuss why his account of the nature of essence remains controversial. To state the 'essence' of something it to say what it is, or give it its 'real' definition. However, the term 'definition' gives rise to immediate confusion due to its variety of meanings. For example, the 'what-it-is' of something may be taken as referring to the substance as an individual, or the qualities that it possesses: "But after all, definition, like 'what a thing is' has several meanings [...] for as 'is' is predicable of all things, not however in the same sense, but of one sort of thing primarily and others in a secondary
