Compare and contrast the person-centered approach and cognitive-behavioural approaches to understanding and working with fear and sadness. Which of these two approaches do you feel more drawn to and why?
Compare and contrast the person-centered approach and cognitive-behavioural approaches to understanding and working with fear and sadness. Which of these two approaches do you feel more drawn to and why? -------------------------------------------------------- In this essay I will look[KHB1] at the key features of the cognitive behavioural approach and the person centered approach, I will look at the differences and similarities of the two approaches and explain why I am drawn to the person centered approach. The overall purpose of cognitive behavioural therapy is to increase self awareness, introduce better understanding, and improve self control by developing more appropriate responses to negative feelings. The goals of the person-centered therapy are to increase ones self-esteem, to have a greater openness to experience and to find out where you belong in life and be content with it. Both therapies help individuals to experience and express feelings at the moment they occur, rather than dwell on them at a later date. I will first look at the Cognitive behavioural therapy which was founded by Beck (1976), he believed that "the emotional and behavioural difficulties that people experience in their lives are not caused directly by events, but by the way they interpret and make sense of these events "as sited in Introduction to counselling p143. It is based on the fact that
Biotechnology - Penicillin
What is biotechnology? Biotechnology is the use of technology to construct products or perform tasks through the use of biological systems and organisms.1Through history we have gained more knowledge of how biotechnology is applied and have refined and created new techniques that have benefited different areas, such as agriculture and gene technology. The application of fungal products has been in use for hundreds of years in the production of foods such as cheese and soy products. Penicillium mould (Penicillium chrysogenum2 ) contains the antibiotic substance penicillin, which was successfully isolated in 1945. Since Ancient times, moulds have been used to treat infection. Ernest Duchesne was a physician who discovered through experimentation, that Penicillium glaucum was able to destroy the bacteria, Escherichia coli. In his research, Duchesne was able to cure typhoid by injecting a subject with P.glaucum, which was a remarkable achievement. But being an unknown, young student, Duchesne was not acknowledged with this discovery, and was prevented from continuing more research due to army research.3 Later similar discoveries were to be met with little attention until the 1920s. In 1928, a British bacteriologist Sir Alexander Fleming was studying the effects of Staphylococci, a genus of Gram-positive bacteria. He hypothesised that the mould, Penicillium notatum, was
The debate of whether there is the continued need for separation of the professions of a barrister and solicitor is one that is open to discussion.
The debate of whether there is the continued need for separation of the professions of a barrister and solicitor is one that is open to discussion. Reason being is that both the legal profession's have a similar output but it is not possible to belong to both the professions. However that doesn't put limitations on the solicitors or barristers to remain in one legal profession. It is possible for a solicitor to retrain for the profession of a barrister, vice versa Things that separate solicitors from barristers are the roles, traditions, training, professional body, qualifications, association with clients and legal responsibility. Barristers also wear wigs in court whilst solicitors don't. A difference which was altered by the Courts and Legal Service Act 19901 and Access to Justice Act 19992 is the profession of a private solicitor has now become more like a barristers. Meaning that they are able to advocate for their clients in higher courts; this doesn't change the fact that they are required to do most of the paper work whereas a barrister can do some of the paper work. Advocate means that they support, give advice and help their client's to be heard in court. Before the introduction of the CSLA '90 lawyers weren't allowed to form partnerships with associates of other professions but the CSLA '90 now allows them to do so. The role of the barrister is to advocate. Fully
'Critically discuss whether Britainhas been an 'awkward partner' (George) in relation to themovement towards European unity'.
'Critically discuss whether Britain has been an 'awkward partner' (George) in relation to the movement towards European unity'. Great confusion and differences in opinions exist today in Britain when considering the issue of Europe. The British Government seems to hold a wait and see policy on most issues raised within the European Parliament, whilst the citizens remain uncertain of the consequences and gains of deeper European Integration, with no definite leads from either of the main parties. When considering Britain's past involvement with Europe, it is continuing to show reluctance by remaining two steps behind everyone else. This reluctance in accepting all European policies and ideologies is why Britain is often dubbed the 'difficult' or 'awkward' partner. In this essay I intend to analyse these allegations to see to what extent Britain has been awkward. 'In 1902 Britain first entered into a long-term security alliance in peacetime' (Young 1993:02), but it was not only concerned with Europe. This alliance was signed after the Boer war, as it revealed the military weaknesses and problems of Europe uniting against Britain. Britain eventually committed itself to a war against the Central powers, Germany and Austria- Hungary in 1914, this required some large changes (such as restrictions on personnel freedom) and higher taxes. However Britain could not cope with these
How do Social Work values and ethics enable Social Workers to challenge poverty?
How do Social Work values and ethics enable Social Workers to challenge poverty? In introducing the essay the student aims to define meanings of values and ethics, along with the differences between absolute and relative poverty. They will then go on to exemplify how Social Work values and ethics enable Social Workers to challenge poverty. In this the student will speak about the role of the Social Worker and the way in which reflective and dedicative practise is important. The author also feels it a necessary component to talk about the way in which the impoverished are made to feel and how this relates to the way Social Workers aim to prevent poverty. Without realising it, we are shaped largely by our cultural surroundings. Values are described as our core beliefs that guide and motivate our attitudes and actions. Ethics are depicted as the way people behave based on how their beliefs about what is right and wrong influence their behaviour. (Warren, 1993) believes ethics are similar to a boat at sea being blown in several ways without sight of a secure harbour in which to refuge. There are many things carrying the boat in other directions, such as consequences, emotions, virtues, principles and duties. Values and ethics work together to govern how we see the world at large. The term poverty also needs to be defined by the author, in two methods, firstly its relative state
Is Documentary Film Still a Distinctive Media Form?
Is Documentary Film Still a Distinctive Media Form? Documentary film has existed for a substantial amount of the time that television has existed itself. From titles such as 'Nanook of the North', a silent film which followed a group of Eskimos as they went about their daily routines, to more recent documentaries such as the 'Walking with Dinosaurs' series, which used special effects to present an amazingly authentic - looking Jurassic environment, as well as using conventional techniques to produce a film that, aside from the use of special affects to recreate a non existent society, was still widely recognised as a documentary. Traditionally, the main purpose for documentary film is to inform and educate. Indeed, the Cambridge Dictionary defines a documentary as "a film, radio, or television programme that gives factual information about a subject". In modern times, this is still true, but there is a lot more emphasis placed on entertaining the audience nowadays. The documentary is more often than not easily recognisable because they tend to follow the same set of conventions, however in recent years this distinction has become somewhat blurred with the advent of reality television, fly - on -the -wall documentary, and also comedy has been sneaking into the genre by parodying it. (for example, the award-winning series, 'The Office') The website
Compare the Original Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and
*Compare the original 1971 Willy Wonka and the chocolate factory to the 2005 Charlie and the chocolate factory scenes* In this essay I am going to show the differences and similarities between two films according to audience expectations. The scene I am going to compare is when the ticket winners enter the factory. Both films use a wide variety of camera shots throughout. Generally, when the characters are talking or being focused on, close ups or mid shots are used. When the cameras are focusing on scenery long shots are used. When the cameras are on high angle, they occasionally zoomed in on the crowds. Firstly, in the 1971 film, the first scene is the reporter interviewing the general public and the ticket winners. Throughout this situation, close ups are used on individuals and mid shots on crowds of people. On the arrival of Willy Wonka, a mid shot is focused on him, and keeps referring back to the main children characters to define their reaction to Wonka's arrival because it is very deceptive. When the winners enter, each is greeted by Willy Wonka, which personalises the relationship between Wonka and the children. However, in the most recent 2005 remake, the appearance and situation is much different. This Wonka seems a lot more mysterious with a history because of the way he is portrayed throughout the film. To start with, a very high angle shot is used to capture
What kind of claim is, 'cogito ergo sum'?
What kind of claim is, 'cogito ergo sum'? The Second Meditation sees the development of Descartes' arguably most famous claims, 'cogito ergo sum' translated as 'I am thinking therefore I am'. The question about what kind of claim this is has been of heated debate since its establishment. Previous to the Second Meditation Descartes has established that he must doubt everything. In response he asks 'So what remains true?' at the beginning of the Second Meditation. The very fact that he is thinking about doubt establishes for him that he exists necessarily, for as long as the demon continues to deceive him 'he will never bring it about that I am nothing'. In other words as long as the demon is allowed to deceive him, it implies that he exists. At this stage Descartes establishes that 'I exist' but refrains from making judgement about what this 'I' is. Also he says this 'I' only exists as a thinking thing and not in any material way, which continues to remain an uncertainty. Thinking is 'inseparable' from existence for Descartes, for it does not depend up on the senses as previously thought. He had come to realise whilst sleeping that there were many things that he appeared to perceive through the senses, which he afterwards realised he did not perceive through the senses at all. This thing was 'thinking'. Thus this is inseparable from 'I'. The fact that 'I think' does not
My uncle America
Electivo de Psicología: Cognición, emoción y evolución Análisis Película: Little Miss Sunshine Universidad Adolfo Ibañez Nombre: Carlos Cayo Rodolfo Lesser Juan José Salinas Chau Profesora: María Luisa Ugarte C) La puntuación de la secuencia de hechos, se refiere a que las personas le dan un significado a lo que está diciendo el otro interlocutor y hay una aceptación de la puntuación, o sea, quien comienza la comunicación.. Se ordenan los hechos en secuencias lógicas, pero que no necesariamente son las "correctas". Todo está personalizado, influyen mucho las emociones, sentimientos y experiencias pasadas de las personas, en el modo en cómo están percibiendo y decodificando lo que el otro trata de comunicar. Entonces de esta forma se va puntuando la realidad y puede haber numerosas puntaciones en las formas de comunicarnos. En la película "Little Miss Sunshine", podemos apreciar los distintos tipos de comunicación que se dan. Por un lado, tenemos al abuelo que es sumamente grosero para expresarse con su entorno familiar, exceptuando con la pequeña Olive. Entonces se podría pensar que el abuelo siempre tiene la posición de estar comenzando la comunicación y su hijo, es quien constantemente lo hace callar. Por su parte, tenemos a un adolescente que ha hecho un voto de silencio para entrar a la fuerza aérea y su forma de comunicarse es solo
Anti-discriminatory parctice and social care work.
Assessment task 1b In this essay I am going to be outlining the definition of anti-discriminatory its main values that underpin it,also looking into the way my working place promotes the anti-discriminatory act and how it influences my role as a social care worker. Furthermore I will be outlining the legislations that underpin anti-discriminatory practice and how it influences the role of a social worker. In order for us to understand the anti-discriminatory issues being faced by service users and care givers I have listed a few of the many discrimination types that are outlawed in the new legislation. Direct discrimination- when someone is less favored because of their characteristic. Associative discrimination- Direct discrimination against an individual because they are associated with another person who possesses a protected characteristic. Discrimination by perception- This is direct discrimination against someone because others think they possess a particular protected characteristic. Indirect discrimination- when there is a policy that applies to everyone but disadvantages an individual with a protected characteristic. Harassment- Behavioral that is deemed offensive by the recipient. Victimization- this occurs when someone is treated badly because they have made or supported a complaint or grievance under this legislation. Anti-discriminatory practice is an
