Overall strategydevelopment for the Indian retailing sector is governed by the followingdevelopments in the recent years.

. What are the strategic issues in retailing in India? Compare and Contrast them with strategic issues in international Retailing? Overall strategy development for the Indian retailing sector is governed by the following developments in the recent years. SIZE: Indian private consumption in the year 2000-01 is estimated at about Rs 1,250,000 Crores. Simplistically put, this is therefore the size of total retail business in India. The present retail business is largely accounted for by over 12 Million retail outlets of all shapes and formats, and supported by street vendors, hawkers, food service outlets as well as periodic street Bazaars and Haats. Organized retailing accounts for a mere Rs 14,000 Crores or so (about 1.25%). INEFFICIENCY OF TRADITIONAL FORM: . Retailers themselves : the average retailer earns less that Rs. 10,000 per month for all his effort, his support staff gets even less; 2. Consumers: The typically end up paying substantially more while getting practically little or no service. 3. Small/medium manufacturers . 4. Space: India has amongst the lowest per capita retail space availability in the world. India needs to create at least 110 Million square foot of additional retail space per year for several years just to meet the demand created on account of a sustained GDP growth rate of about 6%.So far, the government of India as well as State and local

  • Word count: 2212
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Economics
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Is there a trade-off between prosperity and violence? If so, what is it? If not why not?

Is there a trade-off between prosperity and violence? If so, what is it? If not why not? The best examples of the trade off between prosperity and violence are attributed in Bates to the early developers, whose' success story stands in contrast to the prospect of the late developers who's situation is fundamentally related to their historical relationship with the developed nations. In order to come to an understanding of the trade off between prosperity and violence it is therefore necessary to establish the terms of distinction between developed and underdeveloped countries. This paper will therefore establish the cause of the trade of between prosperity and violence in order to highlight its impediments. In doing so this paper will argue that the history of early developers is characterised in Bates by the interplay between prosperity and violence and their respective roles in inspiring the great transformation. It will be argued that the trade off between prosperity and violence passes through distinct stages which has implications for the prospects of late developers. From agrarian beginnings in which a fragile peace was established via the threat of privately wielded violence to the feudal period which sees monarchs engage in wars, the trade off between prosperity and violence is the outcome or solution of the exigencies of the time. There is then a stark contrast

  • Word count: 3104
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Economics
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Consider the Impact of Globalisation on Wales

Consider the Impact of Globalisation on Wales Globalisation is a term that came about in the mid eighties when it replaced terms such as internationalisation and Transnationalisation as it was deemed to be more suitable for describing cross border human interaction and trade. Globalisation covers many different concepts including social, political and economic and so therefore many people disagree in what it's exact definition is and whether or not it is actually happening. Paul Hirst, professor of social relations at Birbeck College, London University, and author of War and Power in the 21st Century has defined globalisation as 'increasing flows of trade and investment between parts of the world and between countries'. He believes globalisation started in the 1920s when people attempted to revive the pre-1914 liberal economy, but this had failed by the 1930s with Britain and Germany losing forty per cent of their foreign trade and the world economy retreating. After the second world war there was a creation of a managed multilateral order as people became anxious to re-introduce the liberal world economy and global talk started to come about after the oil price increases and recession in 1973 and 1979 when global interconnectedness was growing quite rapidly. Simply, over the years globalisation has increased due to two main forces, technology advances which have

  • Word count: 2504
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Economics
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From Free Trade to Forced Trade: Canada in the Global Economy, written by Peter Urmetzer exclusively discusses the idea of free trade. The author claims that free trade is a neutral activity that neither has huge advantages nor disadvantages as well as an

From Free trade for forced trade vs. Industrial Sunset Review Both of the globally controversial issue of free trade and the phenomenon of deindustrialization have affected Canada and its citizens enormously in a social, political, economical, and environmental way. The book, From Free Trade to Forced Trade: Canada in the Global Economy, written by Peter Urmetzer exclusively discusses the idea of free trade. The author claims that free trade is a neutral activity that neither has huge advantages nor disadvantages as well as analyzing its effects on both first and third world countries. However, Industrial Sunset: The Making of North America's Rust Belt, 1969-1984 by Steven High thoroughly discusses how plants shutdowns have affected the economies in North America and argues that Canadian workers as a national community lessened the effects of closing plants more successfully than American workers in the regions of deindustrialization. High emphasizes the differences of responses from workers, unions, and communities in Canada and the United States to plant shutdowns due to the benefits of the multinational corporations. Even though these two books talk about two totally different issues, there are some similarities in the content of the books and the approaches the authors decided to use to back up their arguments differed greatly in terms of research methods and its

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  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Economics
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Hong Kong inaugurated Sir Henry Pottinger as its first governor in August 1841

Hong Kong inaugurated Sir Henry Pottinger as its first governor in August 1841. Despite British cynicism, Pottinger dedicated his time to building up Hong Kong's future as he realized its potential. He inspired long-term building projects and awarded land grants. In order to make peace with the Chinese, he sent his troops to the Chang Jiang (Yangtzi River) and threatened to attack Nanjing (Nanking). In August 1842, the Chinese yielded and the two governments signed the Treaty of Nanjing, which officially gave Hong Kong to the British. The Chuen Pi Convention was never signed and therefore never legal. With that, Hong Kong carried on to progress as a port and under British influences, it became one of the greatest port cities the world has ever seen. With the involvement of the British, Hong Kong prospered. Many companies transferred from Guangzhou to Hong Kong, enabling the British colony to begin a prime Asian entrepot. Hostilities between the British and the Chinese of China continued to heighten, leading to the Second Opium War. Subsequently, other foreign nationals - Russia, France, Germany, and Japan - realized the importance of having easy access to trade with China and began to secure ports all along the Chinese coastline. Several treaties were signed between the different nationals. Later, British took possession of the New Territories, which was declared a part of

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  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Economics
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How Was Britain Able to Establish Itself as the 'Workshop of the World'?

How Was Britain Able to Establish Itself as the 'Workshop of the World'? During the period of 1780 to 1846, Britain established itself as the world's largest industrial country, or in the words of a journalist from the time the 'Workshop of the World'. Britain produced many raw materials, which were used for industry, in Britain and throughout the world. As a result of trade Britain became a very wealthy country. Prior to 1780 Britain realised the beneficial factors it could develop to become a well organised, industrialized society. Trade and overseas trade was the biggest of factors, which allowed Britain to establish itself as the 'Workshop of the World', but other factor included mechanisation and transport. Just how did these factors assist Britain in its transformation into a 'well oiled' society? Trade in 1780 expanded on a worldwide scale. Britain was at the centre of this expansion. At the time of the industrial revolution Britain had an expanse of world in its possession. The British Empire consisted of countries such as America and India, both that had mass products of export. As Phil Chapple said in his book The Industrialisation of Britain 1780-1914 overseas trade was a very 'important stimulus to manufacturing and commerce'. Britain benefited from strong commercial links with America, whom produced cotton in the South, which Britain processed into

  • Word count: 1433
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Economics
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Why have international financial conferences at Seattle and elsewhere men with protest?

21st November 01 UCARD NUMBER- 010155961 Politics 107 essay - Why have international financial conferences at Seattle and elsewhere men with protest? If someone had told any news editor that their front-page story for 29th November 1999 would be about an obscure trade conference in a little known American city, the reaction might well have been complete surprise. Seattle was the meeting of about 5,000 delegates from 150 countries for a new round of global trade talks. Like the Uruguay Round begun in 1986 and the Tokyo Round started in 1973, the Seattle Round looked to slash tariffs, abolish subsidies and open up investment for companies seeking to get into global markets. The effect the protestors had on the WTO meeting was unprecedented, they not only stopped the talks for a day but helped to raise issues that gave smaller and poorer countries the voice to speak up and helped lead to the collapse of the talks. When Seattle broke up on Friday 3rd December 1999 the delegates from 135 nations said they could not agree on an agenda for future trade talks. The talks ended partly due to the anger of the delegates from the developing world who believed and have repeatedly stated that they were not benefiting from globalisation. The USA and Europe offered preferential trade treatment to those nations but this offer was not enough to make headway and soothe delegates from Latin

  • Word count: 2196
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Economics
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The International Monetary Fund.

The International Monetary Fund The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a cooperative institution that many countries have voluntarily joined because they see advantage of consulting with one another in this forum to maintain a stable system of buying and selling their currencies so that payments in foreign money can take place between countries smoothly and without delay. The IMF was consequence from lengthy discussions of separate American, British, Canadian, and French proposals drafted during World War II. I'm going to discuss about origins, purposes, operations, financial assistance, and services of the IMF. The need for the IMF became apparent when the world faced the Great Depression that damaged the world economy during 1930s. The Depression was devastating to all forms of economic life. Banks failed by the thousands, leaving bewildered depositors penniless, agricultural prices fell below the cost of production, land values plummeted, abandoned farms cargoes that never materialized and millions of people were searching for jobs that didn't exist. A lack of confidence in paper money caused a demand for gold what national treasuries could supply. A number of nations, led by the United Kingdom, were consequently forced to abandon the gold standard, which, by defining the value of each currency in terms of a given amount of gold, had for years given money a known and

  • Word count: 1168
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Economics
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International Management

International Management INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNEMENT N°1 Thierry Davila Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degrees of International Master of Business Administration Date: March 27th, 2005 Course Tutor: Clemens Bechter DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY OF WORK: I affirm that the attached work is entirely my own except where the words or ideas of other writers are specifically acknowledged through the use of inverted commas and in-text references. This assignment has not been submitted for any other subject at Euro*MBA or any other institution. I have revised, edited, and proofread this paper. [X] Put 'X' in this check box in the absence of an electronic signature. Do you agree that China is or will be the lowest-cost manufacturing center in the global economy? Abandoning its isolationism, China has engaged in the global marketplace, competing with the biggest economic powers. In this battle, workers low wages is giving a strong advantage in terms of cost manufacture to china but other countries such as India are competing in this field especially in the Business Process Outsourcing market1. China strengths are mainly based on: * Low human resources cost * Knowledge pool These factors linked with an internal market that is representing in some field 20-30% of the world total market is giving further advantages to china in terms of manufacturing.

  • Word count: 1862
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Economics
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What should the MPC do to ensure that inflation is kept within the 2% target?

"The voices which... tell us that the path of escape is to be found in strict economy and in refraining, wherever possible, from utilising the world's potential production are the voices of fools and madmen." These are the words spoken by John Maynard Keynes during the most tumultuous period of the Great Depression. It is clear to me that the monetary policy committee (MPC) of our day are resolute in not repeating the same mistakes as those 'fools and madmen' who failed to heed Keynes' advice in the past. The Governor remarked in the August 2008 foreword that the world stimulus package has been 'extensive'. At home, the MPC announced their own plans of 'asset purchases totalling £175 billion' and keeping the interest rates 'at almost zero' (0.5%). The objective of this plan is fairly straightforward: by increasing the supply of money, the rate of 'nominal spending' should also increase, which in turn, would result in a higher level of aggregate demand (as consumption makes up 65% of aggregate demand) and finally result in the inflation rate meeting the 2% target. The reason behind the interest rates being kept at 0.5% has also been an attempt to boost consumer spending as the public would be required to pay less in mortgage interest repayments, and therefore, have more money to spend. Moreover, they would also be less likely to keep the money in banks accounts due to

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  • Word count: 830
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Economics
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