Explain key characteristics and concepts of Humanistic Therapy, Psychodynamic therapy & Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy
Lisa Chinnery Unit 2 1.1 Explain key characteristics and concepts of Humanistic Therapy, Psychodynamic therapy & Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy Humanistic Therapy The foundations of the humanistic approach provide the client with a deeper understanding of who they are, what they feel and the opportunity to explore the possibility of creating personal choices. It encourages self-awareness and self-realisation. Humanistic therapy is used for anxiety, low self-esteem, bereavement, depression, stress management, loss or relationship issues. The key characteristics are; Congruence – Genuineness, the counsellor shows honesty and openness toward the client, not putting on a front, they are equals. Empathy – Accepting the client for who they are, not judging them them whatever they say or do will allow the client to open up. Unconditional Positive Regard – Putting ourselves in the clients shoes, if the client feels, we are right there with them and know how they are feeling it will help them along the way, knowing that they are not alone with how they are feeling and where they are in their mind. Environment – A safe environment is needed for the client to open up and carry on along their journey, they should be seen in a secure, private, comfortable space that allows them the freedom to open up without the worry of outside influences. Also, that their sessions are
Stem Cell Therapy
Stem Cell Therapy Stem cells are those cells in our multi-cellular organisms which have retained their power to divide into different specialized cell types, therefore it is unspecialized. Having this unique property, the new and healthy cells made from stem cells can be used to replace damaged cells in adult organisms. Stem cells are very important to living organisms, as it is the stem cells in the blastocyst which develop different specialized cells that build up our heart, muscles, lungs, skin and other tissues. Stem cells are also present in the blood in the umbilical cord and in some adult tissues, like the bone marrow, muscle and brain. Even though there are no mainstream embryonic stem cell (stem cells from blastocyst) therapies today, there are therapies which use adult stem cells. The best known of all these therapies is the bone marrow transplant, which is used to treat patients with blood or immune system disorders such as leukaemia. Leukaemia is when leukocytes start to grow abnormally, becoming cancer. As bone marrow is the place where new blood cells are made, the marrow contains hematopoietic stem cells. This type of stem cell is responsible for creating all kinds of blood cells. Therefore, a bone marrow transplant can replace the damaged stem cells and white blood cells (leukocytes) after chemotherapy and radiation has killed all the abnormal stem cells
Gene Therapy And Gene Technology
Gene Therapy & Genetic Engineering What Is Gene Therapy? In recent years there have been truly great discoveries and advances in medical science. One of these discoveries is the idea of Gene Therapy. The concept of Gene Therapy was presented in the late 1970's. Scientists believe that a gene can be transplanted into humans who suffer from severe diseases that are life threatening. Gene Therapy can be defined as "the use of genetic material (usually deoxyribonucleic acid - DNA) to manipulate a patient's cells for the treatment of an inherited or acquired disease."Gene Therapy might seem a simple procedure; however it is a very complicated medical treatment. It is quite remarkable how Gene Therapy can be used to treat diseases and disorders by modifying a person's genome as it is impossible to change the genes in every cell. However, scientists have said that by targeting specific areas, it is possible to provide some sort of treatment or cure. In strong support of the idea, medical scientists say gene transplants could perhaps even cure diseases for which no effective treatment exists. Gene Therapy seems to be an excellent method to cure severe diseases and disorders and keep people healthy. However there is speculated side effects which are possible and that scientists are currently working on to improve. On top of this, there are many limitations on this therapy such as
Development of Music as a Therapy
Running head: Development of Music as a Therapy Development of Music as a Therapy Lorie Ceal Grand Canyon University Intro to Human Communication Theory June 21, 2009 Development of Music as a Therapy The development of music as a therapy spans a vast amount of time. On the History of Music Therapy website we discover that music has always been used for therapeutic reasons. The evidence lies in; "cathartic and hypnotic uses of music in primitive tribes, Apollo - who was the god of music and medicine, drumming healers of India at Delphi, and cave drawings of musical shamans". (History of Music Therapy, n.d.) There seems to have always been a connection between music and emotion. It has a history of influence on both the emotional and physical aspects of one's health. "Pythagoras, Plato, and Aristotle all wrote about how music affects health and behavior." (United Health Services, 2009) Plato stated that musical training was important because "rhythm and harmony find their way into the inward places of the soul imparting grace, and making the soul of him who is rightly educated graceful". (History of Music Therapy, n.d.)Even though music was thought of as a healing agent for body, mind and soul in ancient times, according to the History of Music Therapy, It is a "fairly recent phenomenon in Western culture". (History of Music Therapy, n.d.) Dr Richard Brown wrote the
Can Germ line Gene Therapy be used as a treatment for Huntingtons Disease?
Can Germ line Gene Therapy be used as a treatment for Huntington's Disease? Target Audience: Biology A-Level Graduates Report Outline Gene Therapy has been used to reduce the effects of many diseases, but so far, very few solutions have arisen for Huntington's disease. I will be exploring the effectiveness of germ line therapy compared to its risks and morality. Problem Huntington's disease is a genetic condition where there is a mutation in the DNA sequence on the dominant gene 'huntingtin'. The mutation is repetitive so there is more than just one chromosome effected by this mutation. This means the offspring of a Huntington's disease carrier has a 50% chance of developing the disease. Huntington's disease is a neurodegenerative genetic disorder which means the neurones in the brain can lead to a cognitive decline over time. Because this process takes years before it shows any signs of effect, most people don't realize they have Huntington's disease until they reach mid-life. The gene 'huntingtin' codes for the Huntington protein, commonly found around areas of the brain. When a mutation occurs, this protein is no longer produced and instead a different form of protein is produced. This protein initially causes very little harm to the brain, but after a prolonged time, it damages nerve cells in the brain and leads to Huntington's disease. The full process of
Should Gene therapy be allowed to prevent cystic fibrosis?
Should Gene therapy be allowed to prevent cystic fibrosis? "Every week on average five babies are born every week with cystic fibrosis, and 3 sufferers die from it, usually caused by the damage to the lungs"1. CF is a life threatening disease that cannot be cured with the current treatments. The treatments include exercise, dietary programs, inhalation of antibiotics; breathing control techniques and daily physiotherapy. The initial cause of cystic fibrosis has been agreed by many sources such as www.cftrust.org.uk to be the single faulty gene that controls the movement of salt in the body resulting in the growth of internal organ's becoming clogged with thick sticky mucus. Problem: Although the methods mentioned above increase life span, they only target specific symptoms, rather than curing the defect itself, on the other hand, gene therapy is undergoing research, in both clinical and laboratory to see if it is safe and effective. "Only 33% of clinical trials have been focussed on 'single gene' diseases, and one of them is the common cystic fibrosis."15 The other 67% is clinical trials of gene therapy in humans have been cancer treatments. So treating gene therapy with cystic fibrosis is something which will have to be taken into consideration, but the technique gene therapy is always going under thorough research. Here are few reasons why gene therapy will not be
Method's of Drug Characterisation
Experiment 6 - Methods of Drug Characterization Aims . To gain experience of the analytical methods used for drug characterization Objectives . To gain experience in melting point determination, thin layer chromatography and UV spectroscopy 2. Application of the methods to identify an unknown substance Introduction The 2 most basic analytical techniques for identification of organic compounds are melting point determination and thin layer chromatography. Identification of compounds relied upon melting point determination before the modern analytical techniques of nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared and UV spectroscopy. Although thin layer chromatography still plays an important role in organic analysis. A solution of the unknown is spotted onto the silica coated plate about 1cm from the bottom and dried; it is then placed vertically into a tank with a suitable solvent inside. The solvent moves up the plate by capillary action and resolves the sample into discrete spots. The plate is removed and dried and the spots are viewed under UV or by treating it chemically with developing agent. For each component of the sample an Rf value can be calculated: Rf = distance moved by solute/distance moved by solvent Safety * Local rules apply * The sealing of melting point tubes by Bunsen must be done away from flammable solvents * After practical all waste solvents
Managing stress through Exercise and Therapy
Managing stress through Exercise and Therapy Contents Page 1- Definitions of stress & General Adaptation Syndrome Page 2-3- Holmes and Rahe social readjustment rating scale Page 4-5- Interactional model of stress Page 6- Primary stress intervention Page 7-8- Secondary stress intervention Page 9- Tertiary stress intervention Page 10- Physiology of the stress response National definition of stress Stress is an individual's mental, behavioural and physiological response to when we feel/ fear we cannot cope with the pressure perceived. Another definition of stress by The UK Health & Safety Executive; 'Stress is the adverse reaction people have to excessive pressure or other types of demand placed on them'. http://www.personal-stress-management.com/definition-of-stress.html International definition of stress The term "stress" was originally coined in 1936 by Hans Selye, a Hungarian physician, who defined it as "the non-specific response of the body to any demand for change". http://internationalstressreliefacademy.com/definition-of-stress/ General Adaptation syndrome A. Alarm reaction. The body shows the changes characteristic of the first exposure to a stressor. Then the body recognises that it must fight off some physical or psychological danger and acts accordingly. If the stressor is sufficiently strong (severe burns, extremes of temperature), death may
Evaluate the claim that Person-Centred Therapy offers the therapist all that he/she need to treat the clients
Chrysalis Counselling CourseModule 1Krisztina Paladi-Kovacs July 2012 “Evaluate the claim that Person-Centred Therapy offers the therapist all that he/she need to treat the clients.” In this essay I will define what Person–Centred Therapy (PCT) is and I will look at the origins of this therapy with particular reference to Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers and examine the fundamental elements necessary for the therapy to be seen as patient centred. I will compare the benefits and disadvantages of Person-Centred Therapy and try to establish whether a therapist can treat all clients effectively using just the one approach or whether it is more beneficial to the client for the therapist to use a more multi-disciplinary approach. To be able to discuss this subject, it is important to describe first what we mean when discussing PCT. Person-Centred Therapy, also known as client-centred, non-directive, or Rogerian therapy, is an approach to counselling and psychotherapy that places much of the responsibility for the treatment process on the client, with the therapist taking a non-directive role. PCT emphasises person to person relationship between the therapist and client and focuses on the client’s point of view; through active listening the therapist tries to understand the client’s present issues and emotions. In PCT the client determines the direction, course, speed
What are drugs? A drug is a substance which alters the way the body works. Drugs which affect the brain fall into four main categories: Stimulants, Sedatives, Hallucinogens and Painkillers.
What are drugs? A drug is a substance which alters the way the body works. Drugs which affect the brain fall into four main categories: Stimulants, Sedatives, Hallucinogens and Painkillers. Stimulants These drugs speed up the brain and make you alert. They include Amphetamines which were used for relieving blocked noses. Cocaine is one of them, found in the leaves off certain South American plants. Coffee and tea also contain caffeine (also a stimulant). Nicotine is also a stimulant, found in tobacco. Sedatives These slow down the brain and make you feel sleepy. They include tranquillisers and sleeping pills. Tranquillisers have a calming effect, and are given to people with an anxiety. Some can send you asleep straight away. Alcohol is a weak sedative making people feel less-inhibited Hallucinogens These make you feel, hear or see something not real. These are called hallucinations. Drugs in this category include Cannabis, and LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide). These drugs can produce nightmares, and sometimes fatal accidents Pain Killers These stop you from feeling pain. They include mild drugs such as aspirin to strong drugs, like heroin and Morphine, which are taken from opium (poppy seeds). Morphine is given to people who have been injured, or have a strong illness. Why Are Drugs Dangerous? Drugs can be helpful if they are taken under doctors orders. However,
