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INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE PROBLEM Since the late 1980s, Business School marketing professor Itamar Simonson has looked for ways to understand how consumers make choices. Much of his work debunks the accepted theory that giving consumers what they want and making a profit are the most basic principles of marketing. Customers may not know what they want, and second-guessing them can be expensive, says the professor who teaches MBA and PhD marketing and consumer decision-making courses. In Simonson's words, "The benefits and costs of fitting individual customer preference are more complex and less deterministic than has been assumed." That's because "customer preferences are often ill-defined and susceptible to various influences, and in many cases, customers have poor insight into their preferences." In one of his recent papers, Simonson tackles the issue of one-to-one marketing and mass customization. Supporters of these marketing approaches have suggested that learning what customers want and giving them exactly what they want will create customer loyalty and an insurmountable barrier to competition. In an example taken to the extreme in the 2002 movie Minority Report, Tom Cruise's character runs through a shopping mall past talking billboards that recognize him by name and urge him to buy products he had earlier expressed an interest in such as jeans and Ray-Bans, the
Comparing Leadership styles of Western and Asian Managers.
LEADERSHIP STYLES IN ASIAN ORGANIZATIONS A CASE STUDY AHMED, Waqar Dissertation Supervisor: Judith Rimmer Word Count : 15010 This dissertation is submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of Staffordshire University for the award of M.S.C In International Strategic Management. October , 2008 Executive Summary. Th? modern ideas ?f Management in European countries and Asian countries are not similar. Understanding th? trend and transitions in managerial work in Asia is ?f considerable importance .The present study examines the leadership styles and behaviours of Asian and Western Manager. U.S and European manager have attained th? status ?f cultural heroes, and this kind ?f status managers do not enjoy in most Asian countries. This research will help the author to find out the role of leadership in success of organization.Th? main purpose ?f this research is t? find out different styles ?f leadership in Asian organisations.This paper seek to discover wether the Asian management style is significantly different from the western style of leadership or not. Study indicates that personal attributes such as gender, natural culture, age and organisational factors have a significant relationship with leadership styles. This study also examines different leadership styles and approaches of women in Asian and Western organizations. The
Sociological Theories on Crime and Deviance
CRIME AND DEVIANCE DEFINING DEVIANCE Sociologists define deviance as behaviour that is recognised as violating expected rules and norms. Deviance is more than simple non-conformity; it is behaviour that departs significantly from social expectations. In the sociological perspective on deviance, there is subtlety that distinguishes it from commonsense understandings of the same behaviour. * The sociological definition of deviance stresses social context, not individual behaviour. Sociologists see deviance in terms of group processes, definitions and judgements, not just as unusual individual acts. * The sociological definition of deviance recognises that not all behaviours are judged similarly as all groups. What is deviant to one group may be normative (non-deviant) to another. Understanding what society sees as deviant also requires understanding the context that determines who has the power to judge some behaviours as deviant and others not. * The sociological definition of deviance recognises that established rules and norms are socially created, not just morally decreed or individually imposed. Sociologists emphasise that deviance lies not just in behaviour itself, but also in the social responses of groups to the behaviour. Sociologists distinguish between two types of deviance: formal and informal. Formal deviance is behaviour that breaks laws or official
A research project into the perceptions of graffiti by certain individuals and groups can be seen as having grounding in both sociology and criminology. The sociology of deviance and delinquency
Introduction. A research project into the perceptions of graffiti by certain individuals and groups can be seen as having grounding in both sociology and criminology. The sociology of deviance and delinquency in urban areas, as well as the socio-historical development of graffiti as a cultural practice provides a basis for further research into the effects of this phenomenon. In terms of criminology, the extent to which the police and local authorities see graffiti as a problem is also worth investigating. Various theses have analysed the link between minor offences such as low level property crime, and the perceptions of certain public spaces as run down or insecure. As students of sociology the five researchers involved in this project have an interest in how graffiti provokes a societal reaction to the changing environment of these spaces. In addition to this, all of the researchers have some limited experience of criminological studies which would be enhanced by an analysis of how government legislation and local initiatives have affected communities and individuals exposed to graffiti. In terms of government legislation, graffiti as a form vandalism is a criminal offence under the Criminal Damage Act 1971. This act, supplement by section 33(1) of the Magistrates Court Act 1980, gives penalties for minor vandalism such as graffiti as a maximum £2500 fine or up to 3
Discuss the definition of and development of community and arising the definition of community development: Outline and discuss the contemporary issues affecting Community Development. Critique one community development project with which you are familiar
Community Development Module Assignment AD509 In groups of not less than 2 and not more than 4 please address the following assignment: Community and how we interact with community is undergoing fundamental change. In this assignment you are required to address the following: Discuss the definition of and development of community and arising the definition of community development Outline and discuss the contemporary issues affecting Community Development Critique one community development project with which you are familiar and draw conclusions relating to 1 & 2 above from an applied perspective. Include a personal reflection on the task, process and learning. Introduction In social sciences it is believed that one's philosophical underpinning determines or influences h/her views, foundational values, conceptual and theoretical framework that tend to inform professional practice in one's chosen discipline. Therefore, this essay will attempt to analyse Community and community development based upon the author's ontological and epistemological stand, which is predicated upon constructivism, interactionism, interpretive perspective and critical theory. The essay will also outline contemporaneous issues affecting community development and analyse them in light of current understanding and knowledge. This assignment is a group work comprising four members and we have
Brand Building and Loyalty in Emerging Economics
[Brand Building and Loyalty in Emerging Economics] By [Author's Name] [Faculty Name] [Department or School Name] [Month Year] ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would first like to express my gratitude for my research supervisor, colleagues, and peers and family whose immense and constant support has been a source of continuous guidance and inspiration. DECLARATION I [type your full first names & surname here], declare that the following dissertation/thesis and its entire content has been an individual, unaided effort and has not been submitted or published before. Furthermore, it reflects my opinion and take on the topic and is does not represent the opinion of the University. Signature: Dated: ABSTRACT In this study we try to explore the concept of Brand building and loyalty in emerging economies in a holistic context. The main focus of the research is on the multinational companies. The research also analyses many aspects of brand building and tries to gauge its effect in the multi national companies. The study focuses on the case of Huawei Technologies Limited and the industry in which multinationals operate. Finally the research describes various factors which are responsible for the brand loyalty and building in emerging markets, the multinational companies and mainly focusing on the Huawei Technologies Ltd. TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT iv CHAPTER 1: PROPOSAL OUTLINE vi
What are the general Arguments of two main theoretical perspectives on gender inequality V functional analysis and conflict analysis?
To: Dr. Richard Lam Cheung Fm: Group 6 CLASS: SOCIOLOGY 101 SECTION 4 TOPIC What are the general Arguments of two main theoretical perspectives on gender inequality - functional analysis and conflict analysis? If you were a functionalist, what would you say should be done, if any, about gender inequality in Hong Kong? As a conflict theorist, what would you say, if any, should be done in Hong Kong? Explain? Group Members: Student Name Student Nr Lam Wing Leung 020023 Lui Chi Wai 020006 Lee Chung Man 020024 Wong Wing To 020014 Fung Ka Chun 020010 Wong Ka Hong Desmond 020018 Lee Sun wah Hermony 020012 CONTENTS . Introduction 3 Research Problem: 3 Objective: 3 Methodology: 3 Approach: 3 Remarks/Legends: 4 2. General Arguments towards Gender Inequality 5 A. Functionalism 5 B. Conflicts Theory 6 3. Gender Inequality in Hong Kong 8 A. Education 8 B. Employment & Incomes 11 C. Human Rights & Politics 16 4. Ideas for Improving Gender Inequality 18 A. Functionalists 18 B. Conflict Theorists 18 A. Bibliography 19 B. Appendices 20 Appendix 1: List of Executive Councilors in Hong Kong(BTT) 20 Appendix 2: List of Universities in Hong Kong & the Headmasters' Gender(BTT) 20 Appendix 3: List of Legisilative Councillors in Hong Kong(BTT) 21 Appendix 4: Table studied under Thematic Report - Women and Men, Population Census 2001, Hong
How does the media represent female bodies?
Sociology Coursework How does the media represent female bodies? My Rationale Aim - I intend to examine how the media represents female bodies. I chose this area of sociology to study because I found the recent debate about the media's portrayal of women and the decision of the Madrid Fashion Week in October 2006 to ban size zero (UK size four) models very interesting. Media empires such as those controlled by the Murdock family and EMAP have become increasingly powerful and their focus on celebrities and their promotion of a western ideal of beauty have only become recent topics of research. Personally, I hold the view that the overemphasis on body size by the media can have a very negative affect on women's body image. This could be a factor in the development of eating disorders and low self confidence in those most vulnerable. As a teenager I have grown up in an era in which celebrity magazines commend slim bodies and ridicule anything that does not fit that image with red circles of shame pointing out any imperfections. However even though I have a strong personal view on this topic I will try to minimise bias when undertaking this study. I have decided to use content analysis as my method because I think it will be simple and effective to do and I can obtain clear results with minimal bias. However unlike interviews it will be difficult to achieve in-depth
Examine the sociological theories and patterns and trends in healthcare.
Jessica Bascombe Unit 7: Sociological Perspectives for Health & Social Care P1: Explain the principal sociological perspectives Functionalism: Perspectives view illness as a form of deviance and ill people are seen as performing a social role (sick role) if people are declared ill specific right and responsibility comes with this new role the rights associated with the sick role include: * Too be exempt from normal social obligation * To be cared for * Taking all steps to get better * Co-operating with medical staff to get better The concept of the sick role was created by sociologist theorist Parson (1951) he had argued that individuals can adopt the “sick role” professionals such as Doctors are a key role in diagnosing illness and then defining if an individual is truly “sick” the sick has a right/obligations essentials e.g.: the sick individual has the right to not go to work, school, college or any social duties although they have the obligation to seek medical professional help and advice to then return to normal full health asap this is the way functionalist view of dealing with ill health in society it ensures the functioning of society. Parsons (1951) had also argued he saw a family as a pivotal in society that their basic functions are: * The primary socialisation if children * Stabilisation of adult personalities such as looking after the male
Sociology and Health. Within this assignment I will use a range of sociological terminology in order to describe each of the following sociological perspectives; functionalism, Marxism, feminism, interactionism, collectivism, postmodernism and the new rig
Task 1 Criteria - P1, P2 P1 Within this assignment I will use a range of sociological terminology in order to describe each of the following sociological perspectives; functionalism, Marxism, feminism, interactionism, collectivism, postmodernism and the new right. Throughout this assignment I will refer to culture, values, beliefs, norms, socialisation, social status, social roles and social class. "A society is made up of key institutions or building blocks, including the family, the education system, work and the economic systems, the political system, religious groups and the mass media. Sociologists are concerned with the way these institutions relate to each other and influence our behaviour." Quote taken from; Sociological perspectives PowerPoint Sociologists look closely at the ways in which the different groups within a particular society influence individual behaviour. Society can be defined as; a group of individuals living in one area that pursue different attitudes and beliefs about different things. Sociologists believe that an individual's behaviour is learnt merely through the process of socialisation. There are two types of socialisation; primary and secondary which I am going to look at in more detail within this assignment. Socialisation is defined as; "The process of learning the usual ways of behaving in society." Stretch. Beryl. (2007). BTEC
