Depression. There are several approaches to depression, two of which are psychological and biological.
Psychology Assignment: Depression Depression is a type of mood disorder affecting a person's emotional state of mind. Unipolar disorder classifies depression under a DSM-IVR system where a person will be diagnosed if they shows signs of intense sadness or apathy alongside four other symptoms which include difficulties sleeping, fluctuations in energy levels, feelings of guilt and inferiority. It's crucial that these symptoms are clearly causing distress and consistently present for two weeks or more. It is important to identify and characterise depression in order to diagnose and treat the disorder. There are several approaches to depression, two of which are psychological and biological. The first psychological approach is the psychodynamic theory pioneered by Freud. His explanation of depression stems from relationships in early childhood, also focusing on the power of the unconscious and how this force propels our behaviour. Freud observed similar symptoms between grief and depression thus reaching the conclusion that depression is an extreme reaction to loss, whether real or imagined. It is this perceived loss and the failure to acquire an effective way of dealing with such a loss early on that increases the likelihood of becoming depressed when faced with another perceived radical loss. There is an emphasis on unresolved feelings of hostility when loss has been
Gender and Cultural Differences in Depression
* DISCUSS GENDER AND CULTURAL DIFFERENCES REGARDING A DYSFUNCTIONAL BEHAVIOR OF YOUR CHOICE. Depression is classified to be persistent low mood for at least two weeks, plus at least five of the following symptoms must be present. These include hypersomnia or insomnia, overeating and weight gain or loss of appetite and decrease in weight, agitation or slowing in movement, daily fatigue, feelings of worthlessness or guilt, inability to think or concentrate, loss of interest in activities that were once enjoyed and recurrent thoughts of death or suicide. The rates that people suffer from depression vary tremendously between the two sexes and from culture to culture, though. Women are more likely to suffer from depression and more specifically the number of women suffering from depression is noted to be 2-3 times higher than the number of men. One out of four women is experiencing or at least has experienced clinical depression. The risk factors can be divided into separate categories. To begin with, hormonal fluctuations associated with the menstrual cycle, menopause, or the uses of oral contraceptives are very usual for most women and can be main causes for depression. Similarly, most women who have experienced infertility or miscarriages are also very likely to experience the symptoms of depression. All those are hormonal and biological factors that women have little, almost
Great Depression
How far can the failure of the League of Nations in the 1930´s be blamed on Great Depression? The League of Nations was an organization which opened for business in January 1920 by fourty-two countries at the start and by the 1930´s there were seventeen more joined. It was done in order to avoid the possibility of repeating another mass slaughter such as the one on 1914. The League was settled in Geneva, Switzerland, and it was based on a Covenant, this was a set of twenty-six Articles or rules which all the members of the League agreed to follow. Britain and France had a considerable power in the League and this power was gained by the absence of the United States, a country which never joined as although Wilson tried it very hard, the congress did not approve it. These two countries were, by the 1930´s the ones who usually guided policy and any action by the League needed their support. The rules which were about to follow were to discourage aggression from any nation, to encourage countries to co-operate, especially in business and trade, to encourage nations to disarm and to improve the living and working conditions of people in all parts of the World. If a country was involved in any kind of dispute with another country, it was supposed to appeal the League for help and countries should protect each other if invaded. Also sanctions were to be imposed if a member
Depression and The New Deal
Introduction First World War ended on 11th November 1918. Over next 10 years the USA became 1 of the strongest economic powers in the world. War had a great effect on the USA, economy improved as the need for food, raw materials and manufactured goods of all kinds increased. European countries (including Britain) had their economies destroyed in the war hence were unable to produce enough goods to supply their countries. USA made loans of $10.2 billion during the war to its allies and 90% of this was used, by European countries, to buy US goods. By 1918, US farmers sent triple the amount of produce to Europe than they did in 1914. USA had three Presidents from 1921 to 1933- Harding (1921-23), Coolidge (1923-29) and Hoover (1929-33). Under Harding and Coolidge, USA enjoyed a period of prosperity. Most Republicans believed governments should not involve itself in the daily economic life. They thought business people should be left alone to make decisions hence businesses can achieve high profits, employment opportunities and good wages. This policy was named "laissez-faire" which literally meant to let people do as they chose in French. The only role of the government should be to help businesses when they wanted it. The end of the war was described by the Republican Party as a "return to normality" that is peace and prosperity. In 1922, the US government introduced the
Kit Kittredge and the great depression
After the crash of the stock market in 1929, the Great Depression began. The Great Depression lasted from 1929 until 1941 and it was the most severe economic downturn in the nation's history. It brought devastation to the economy of the United States and resulted in severe problems for the American people. The Great Depression did not only affect the poor people but it eventually did affect the wealthier Americans. With no money, factories throughout the country began to close. Henry Ford, a man known for modernizing vehicles, shut down his Detroit automobile factories, putting at least 75,000 people out of work. Small businesses and restaurants began to close because customers could no longer afford to go to them. Many people were unemployed and others worked only part-time or had their wages cut. Because of the loss of jobs, living conditions declined. Families moved in together, crowding into small houses or apartments. People gave up even small pleasures like an ice cream cone or a movie ticket, which was their way of getting away from all the distress. Men who had lost their jobs felt like failures because they could no longer provide for their families and women who had depended on the men's paychecks worried about feeding themselves and their children. Life was now hard for children; they had to see their homes being taken away and their friends having to move to live
abnormal psychology/depression
ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY PSY 03 WORD COUNT ,730 MAXINE JACKSON APRIL 2008 What is abnormal or normal? Abnormal literally means 'away from the normal'. Although it does not state what normal is. What is meant by normal differs over time and across cultures; it depends, to a certain extent on circumstances. Is something normal because the majority are doing it? During the Second World War thousands of innocent people were murdered in the name of Adolf Hitler. The Nazi's became the majority; however this does not make their behaviour normal. One way to decide what behaviour is normal is to consider how usual it is. In that case then, behaviour that is less common is abnormal. Society has standards to which they expect people to conform, this reflects on how people behave. These standards are classed as normal. Anyone who violates society standards is then abnormal. All societies are different and they expect different behaviour, because of this it is impossible to give a universal meaning of the word abnormal. It is difficult to class a person as abnormal or indeed normal, because of the differences in people to begin with. "A statistical norm is to do with a way of being, a quality or representation that is expressed or understood by many individuals. In other words, it is called average. High intelligence is as abnormal as low intelligence." J Cullberg (2006:09) Not
The Great Depression
The Great Depression began in October 1929, when the stock market in the United States dropped rapidly. Thousands of investors lost large sums of money and many lost everything. The crash led us into the Great Depression. The period of the great depression ranked as the longest and worst period of high unemployment and low business activity in modern times. Banks, stores, and factories were closed and left millions of Americans jobless, homeless, and broke. Many people came to depend on the government or charity to provide them with food. There were several causes of the great depression including bank failures, the stock market crash, and unequal distribution of wealth, economic policies, overproduction, and drought conditions. The 3 major cause of the depression was the stock market crash, bank failures, and distribution of wealth The stock market crash of 1929 helped trigger weaknesses of the American economy. On Black Tuesday, investors panicked and dumped an unprecedented 16 million shares. The increased buying of stocks damaged Americans' credit, made the effects of the stock market crash worse. As a result, within one month, American investors had lost tens of billions of dollars. If stockholders couldn't pay up, their stocks were sold, wiping out many an investor's ife savings in an instant. In total, $25 billion was lost in the 1929 crash. Stocks continued to fall
Depression in children
During childhood years, children are almost as susceptible to being depressed as adults. Many adults to not realize that being a child can be very frustrating, and they often feel powerless. Children can have a lot of stress in their lives and cannot deal with it as easily as adults. They have many concerns such as school, peers, parental acceptations, etc. Childhood depression is a mental illness that affects children's behavior and moods. If it is not treated, in years to come it may lead to school failure, use of alcohol and/or drugs, or even suicide. Depression in children is caused by a possible combination of several things. It can involve the child's environment, genes, or children with medical problems. The most common causes of depression evolve from children who have been abused, who have chaotic families or households, non-consistent parents, neglect, or other stressful events. Children who experience loss or who have learning disorders are more likely to be diagnosed with depression. If bad things happen to a child and there is a family history of depression, a depressed child is a very likely outcome. Unlike depressed children, those who are without so many stresses in their lives do not have as much likelihood to become easily depressed as they get older. Each child's depression is individual, and causes will be different for each one. The depression could be
Mental health. Signs and symptoms of depression. How might counselling help someone with Depression?
DEPRESSION What is depression? Depression is different from feeling down or sad. Unhappiness is something which everyone feels at some time or another, usually due to a particular cause. A person suffering from depression will experience intense emotions of anxiety, hopelessness, negativity, and helplessness, and the feelings stay with them instead of going away. Depression can happen to anyone. Many famous people, who seem to have everything going for them, battle with this health problem. Depression isn't fussy it can affect anyone, doesn't discriminated! Some depression runs in families. Researchers believe that it is possible to inherit a tendency to get depression. This seems to be especially true for bipolar and major depression disorders, but it can also develop in people who have no family history of depression. Due to stresses at work, home or at school. Either way major depressive disorder is often associated with changes in brain structures or brain function Half of the people who suffer with depression will only experience it once but for the other half they will suffer with it again. The length of time that it takes to recover ranges from around 6 months to a year or even more. Signs and symptoms of depression The following are the most common symptoms of depression. * Tiredness and loss of energy * Sadness * Loss of self-confidence * Difficulty
Great Depression
Melanie Kaminski Term Paper Topic #2 Great Depression Normally, recessions are decreases in real GDP for at least six months, although when they last longer than that and are more detrimental, they are called depressions. In the United States between 1929-1933, there was a recession so deep it was designated The Great Depression. This was the worst economic slump ever in U.S. history, one which spread to virtually all of the industrialized world. It began in late 1929 and lasted for about a decade. It had devastating effects on the country. The Roaring Twenties were an era dominated by Republican presidents: Warren Harding (1920-1923), Calvin Coolidge (1923-1929) and Herbert Hoover (1929-1933). Under their conservative economic philosophy of laissez-faire ("leave it alone"), markets were allowed to operate without government interference. Taxes and regulation were slashed dramatically, monopolies were allowed to form, and inequality of wealth and income reached record levels. The country was on the conservative's preferred gold standard, and the Federal Reserve was not allowed to significantly change the money supply. The stock market was in shambles, banks everywhere went under, businesses couldn't operate, and farmers fell into bankruptcy. Many factors played a role in bringing about the depression, however, the main causes for the Great Depression were the
