The effect of enzyme concentration on rate of reaction.
The effect of enzyme concentration on rate of reaction ZAHRA HUSSIEN AS BIOLOGY TO PHIL CODDALL 27/10/03 * Introduction In this experiment I will attempt to investigate the factors that effect the rate of reaction of the enzyme catalyse. Catalyse is an enzyme found in all living cells. It is used for removing Hydrogen Peroxide from the cells. Catalyse speeds up the decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide into water oxygen. It is able to speed up the decomposition of Hydrogen peroxide because of the shape of hydrogen peroxide molecule. This type of reaction where a molecule is broken down in to smaller pieces is called anabolic reaction. 2H2O2 + yeast =2H2O + O2 Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts. They are made in cells. A catalyst is something that speeds up a reaction, but does not get used up in the reaction. The substance that enzymes act on is the substrate (hydrogen peroxide). The substance formed by the reaction is the product (water and oxygen) The site on which the enzyme takes place is called the active site. * Aim To see how the amount of yeast affects how much oxygen is given off in 30 second, when the same concentration of yeast (which contains catalyse) is mixed with 10cm3 of hydrogen peroxide. * Variables A variable is anything I can change or measure in my experiment. ) Independent variables The one you change through ought the
How factors influence the energy change when metals are added to a metal salt solution?
How factors influence the energy change when metals are added to a metal salt solution? Skill P : Planning Experiments Aim: My aim is to see what factors influence the energy change when metals are added to a metal salt solution. Introduction: The energy released when one metal displaces another can be used in industry, for example in the reaction of aluminium with iron oxide to weld rails together. Your task is to devise a plan to show how the temperature rise, and hence the energy cange, is affected by adding different metals to copper sulphate solution. A suitable metal woould be iron, which reacts according to the equation: Fe(s)+CuSO4(aq)?FeSO4(aq)+Cu(s) Prediction: In my experiment, I can predict that when we add different metals to the Copper Sulphate liquid in forms of powder, the temperature will rise when the reaction takes place, in the polystyrene cup. The more reactive the metal the more the temperature produced, so the more energy will be given off at the end of the experiment. Our expeiment was bast around the ractivity series: Calcium most reactive Magnesium Aluminium Carbon Zinc Iron Tin Lead Hydrogen Copper Silver Gold Platinum least reactive For this experiment, I chose to use six different metals, which are in bold writing in the reactivity series, the more reactive the metals are the more heat will be produced, because the ferther
The role of class in Pride and Prejudice
4. What do you see as the role of class in Pride and Prejudice? How far are the characters defined by their social rank, and how far can they transcend it? Class in Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice plays an overwhelming role as both a theme and a characterization method. The social class of a person is seen as their defining quality, but there are some exceptions to the rule as we see in the case of the Bennet family, with their two eldest daughters Jane and Elizabeth. Austen clearly identifies the characters in the novel by their class. For example, we see Caroline Bingley and Mrs Hurst as the condescending, rich sisters, and people who do not like to mix with classes below them. However, we also see Mrs Bennet trying to break into this more elite class from below, and the struggles she faces on behalf of her daughters because of their lower situation in life. Austen uses this as a method of characterization, by identifying the qualities of the rich and the poor. It is to a large extent that the characters are defined by their social rank, and to a lesser extent we see how some of the characters can overcome the social barriers to triumph with their goal of a wealthier marriage. Jane Bennet is one such character who Austen uses to portray the role of class in her novel Pride and Prejudice. The Bennets are not poor, but are considered lower to middle class citizens. Mr
Analysis of Social Factors Affecting Tesco
Legal Factors affecting Tesco The shared parental leave This employment law addressing parent of born child or adopted children who will be on from the 5 April and onward. It suggests that both the parents of a new born child are entitled to some time off instead of the traditional way where only the woman would be allowed to take a maternity leave to take care of her child. The parental leave will be the same amount of time as before but, the parents will have to share it between them and it is entirely up to them when they decide to take it. But before that the woman has to have the first 2 weeks following the birth off. This law could be seen as an opportunity which will be positive for Tesco because the mother will not have such a long time off work anymore. The amount of tome she would take off will be reduced which will beneficial for the business because it means that they won’t have to hire and pay someone else to work for the woman. Because of this change, there could be shortage of staff in a business where there are two or more than one pregnant employees. Due to this, one objective Tesco could for their business to overcome this negative change is “to have enough trained staff ready for replacement in case of maternity absence. One strategy I can suggest which Tesco could use to execute this objective is to hire a well trained staff that will replace
SWOT analysis for an accessories store
5. SWOT Analysis In this section, I will analysis 4 different elements which are significant to my business. This is a form of strategic planning, used to analyse the "SWOT" that my business will have. SWOT stands for: * Strengths * Weaknesses * Opportunities * Threats This involves identifying and explaining the internal and external factors that will be beneficial or a disadvantage to achieving my aim- running a successful business. Strengths A strength is something my business does well, giving it an advantage over its competitors. These are internal factors, as they are points related to my business only. * Research I have done primary and secondary research on many aspects of the business world before starting my accessories business. I have designed a questionnaire that contains queries significant to my business, gave it to people to be filled in and then analysed my results of the questionnaire using graphs. From this, I have concluded with a 'customer profile', which is an insight into what my typical consumer will be like. I've analysed possible locations in which to situate my store and identified my competitors and analysed their strengths and weaknesses. Doing this research is vital before starting up a business as it helps to eliminate risks therefore minimising chance of failure. Consequently, the more good, detailed research you do the bigger
Cross cultural management. For Riordan to become a successful global company, it needs to look at other businesses and benchmark how these companies manage cultural differences. Riordan can implement several programs to respond to this type of challenge f
Cross-Cultural Management: Riordan Cross-cultural management is important to all companies. It is especially important for companies that want to become global. Throughout this paper, the authors will discuss several examples of how companies apply cross-cultural management principles and how other countries deal with similar cultural differences. The companies discussed in this paper are DHL, UPS, Starbucks, 3M, Trinity Industries, Community Development and Management Association of Africa (CDMAA), Pepsi Co, and CISCO.(????) This paper will focus on different areas concerning culture. These key concepts include cultural differences, organizational culture, Cross-Border External Environment and Cultural Synergies, and International Management(key areas) Key Course Concepts For Riordan to become a successful global company, it needs to look at other businesses and benchmark how these companies manage cultural differences. Riordan can implement several programs to respond to this type of challenge for the company. Receiving input from its employees is critical for Riordan. This input can make a huge difference on how they should do these things and it can help the company meet the needs of their employees. Cultural differences are what distinguishe societies from one another. Many companies go global and cultural differences are very important, especially as it pertains to
Investigating how concentration of enzyme affects the rate of an enzyme controlled reaction.
Sarah Walker Investigating how concentration of enzyme affects the rate of an enzyme controlled reaction Background information Every enzyme is a protein; proteins are one of the most complicated of the organic molecules. Below is a simplified description of proteins, enzymes and the way they work. Proteins are made up of monomers (building blocks) called amino acids, these amino acids link together in different orders with special bonds called 'peptide bonds', when they are linked together they form a straight chain known as a polypeptide chain. This chain can be coiled or folded into shapes; either alpha helixes or beta pleated sheets, bonds link these together in different ways creating a unique structure, which in the case of enzymes is globular (roughly spherical). Enzymes are catalysts to organic reactions (they increase the speed of the reaction without changing it or themselves). Every enzyme catalyses a different reaction, this is because the enzyme has an area called the active site which also has a unique shape into which only one type of substrate (substance being reacted) fits. The enzyme breaks the substrate down into products, the diagram below demonstrates this: An enzyme can have its unique shape broken down by very high temperatures or extreme pH as these break the bonds which hold them together, this disfigures the active site of that particular enzyme
Glue Dots International (GDI), Keighley, has approached us to carry out Market Research for a new range to their product line, Glue Dots, within the Craft sector. However, in order to clearly understand how to target the right audience
HNC Business Studies Unit 17 - Market Intelligence ASSIGNMENT-1 MAY 2003 BY Karen Laughlin MARKET RESEARCH REPORT Prepared On Behalf Of GLUE DOTS INTERNATIONAL KEIGHLEY OUTLINE Glue Dots International (GDI), Keighley, has approached us to carry out Market Research for a new range to their product line, Glue Dots, within the Craft sector. However, in order to clearly understand how to target the right audience and obtain relevant and measurable data, outlined below are the areas that we need to address. * Who are the potential buyers * What is the most efficient research technique * How to analyse the data received * Customer Satisfaction Background Viking Industrial Products is a company based in Keighley supplying Safety Wear / Work Wear/ Tapes and Adhesives into the Industrial Sectors. In 1998, Colin Bennett was approached by an American company to become the UK distributor of Glue Dots. In 1999 Viking began producing the Dots in the UK with machinery brought over from the United States and a 'joint venture' began and Glue Dots International was set up. However, because of the size of the company it was decided that GDI would not supply UK customers direct but sell to Viking, who would then sell to their customers, become the 'middle man' in the process, this continues today. However, the exception to this is the overseas market because it is
How successful was Roosevelt in delivering relief, recovery and reform during the New Deal?
Transfer-Encoding: chunked How successful was Roosevelt in delivering ‘relief, recovery and reform’ during the New Deal? The Great Depression is now considered as one of the greatest global economic crises in world history. It began with the stock market crash in New York in 1929, and had a detrimental effect on the U.S. economy; due to globalisation, other economies were influenced as well. Therefore, the Great Depression is a topic of considerable interest among historians and it needs accurate and objective evaluation. This essay discusses how F.D. Roosevelt, the President of the United States, tried to address the economic decline in America, and to what extent Roosevelt was successful in delivering promised ‘relief, recovery and reform’. However, to start with, it is worth considering the circumstances and some causes of the Wall Street Crash. It is important to understand what kind of country America was; this explains such a massive shift in economic policies and views on the role of government. Above all, the beginning of the 20th century nowadays is seen as the time of the birth of modern America. Despite a sense of frustration and anger present in society since the end of the First World War, the war did not affect the U.S.A. to the same extent as it affected other countries. Apparently, America was in the advantageous position of being distanced from
Venture Capital_Biogen Investment Proposal
. Executive summary Biogen is seeking $2,000,000 to capitalize the company and reach 'Construction Financial Close' to establish their first biomass fuelled generator. Having meticulously conducted due diligence, it is our recommendation that Biogen is a profitable seed company. They operate in a growing sector of the energy market with excellent prospects on the backdrop of a global shift towards renewable energy due to the threat of climate change. The expertise they bring to the table is well suited to the biomass renewable energy sector. The primary objective of this business plan is to raise $2million from potential VC Firms. The attractive propositions Biogen has put forward are: * IRR of 30% over an 8 year period * 10.2% equity in Biogen * 10,484,885 convertible preferred shares at a price of $0.19 These are based on an Implied Market Valuation of $19,639,679 at a weighted average cost of capital of 9.2%. With the assumption that Biogen will reach 'Construction Financial Close,' they will require new equity funding of $12.6 million. The plant will be commissioned in 2011, at which point the financial projections show strong earnings growth and positive cash generation. The projections show that the company is healthy and financially sound. The company will be ready to list on the ASX at the end of the eight years in 2016. 2. Background Biogen Limited
