With reference to a case study on Brazil, explain what affects rural to urban migration.
With reference to a case study on Brazil, explain what affects rural to urban migration The following essay is based on a case study of Brazil. I will describe and show the problems of rural to urban migration. The two locations we will be studying are the Caatinga and a city called Belo Horizonte, both located in Brazil (see map below). Rural areas are areas isolated from city centers with very little communication and transport to them. They are very poor areas with little agriculture. Urban areas are city like places where communication, transport and living conditions are acceptable. The Caatinga is one of the most remote areas of Brazil. It is a dry and poor area. It is the largest dry region in South America. The vegetation in this area is very pitiable. Population Pressure happens a lot here. Many people are born and are forced to live in such disgraceful conditions. It is situated in the North-eastern part of Brazil. The Caatinga has serious problems including health and, the most important one, there is a lack of jobs. Another major problem are droughts. Approximately once every ten years, a drought occurs causing large disasters in matters of agriculture and health. Climate also plays a big role in the daily life of the Caatinga inhabitants. The other location we are going to study is Belo Horizonte. It is a town located in the south-eastern part of Brazil. I'm
Civil Rights background to 1950. Marcus garvey, A. Philip Randolph and "the Great Migration".
Do Thi Nguyen Background to 1950: . Highlight the significance of Du Bois’s editorship of the ‘Crisis’ and of Marcus Garvey. 2. Assess the historical contribution of A. Phillip Randolph. 3. Explain “the Great Migration”. 4. Write a mini account of “African American in 1945”. . In 1905, Du Bois was a founder and general secretary of the Niagara movement, an African American protest group of scholars and professionals. Du Bois founded and edited the ‘Moon’ (1906) and the ‘Horizon’ (1907-1910) as organs for the Niagara movement. In 1909 Du Bois was among the founders of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and from 1910 to 1934 served it as director of publicity and research, a member of the board of directors, and editor of the ‘Crisis’, its monthly magazine. In the ‘Crisis’, Du Bois directed a constant stream of agitation--often bitter and sarcastic--at white Americans while serving as a source of information and pride to African Americans. The magazine always published young African American writers. Racial protest during the decade following World War I focused on securing anti-lynching legislation. During this period the NAACP was the leading protest organization and Du Bois its leading figure. In 1934 Du Bois resigned from the NAACP board and from the Crisis because of his new advocacy of an African
Discuss the extent to which migration can be considered to have a positive impact on labour markets
Discuss the extent to which migration can be considered to have a positive impact on labour markets? Migration is the movement of people/labour between either the domestic or other counties. Immigration is the movement of labour outside a country. The most common reason for immigration is to find jobs meaning an addition to a country’s labour force. In most instances this can have a positive effect on labour markets both, in the immigrant’s native country and the country to which he/she/they migrated to. Although mostly advantageous negative impacts can occur as a result. If a person migrates e.g to the UK from a less developed country such as Poland in pursuit of work, providing the person finds work and doesn’t become unemployed and in this case the immigrant’s skills match the type of labour that is demanded will increase a country’s output + international competitiveness and in turn can benefit the labour markets. This is because Migrants are usually young adults meaning that migration can help to raise the population of working age and make the labour market more flexible. A flexible labour market will mean that employers can hire and fire workers more easily and thus the labour market will adjust more easily to changes in the demand for and supply of labour. This will lower average costs , help reduce cost push inflation and ultimately reduce labour market
Examine the impacts of UK retirement migration to the Mediterranean on the source and host regions?
Examine the impacts of UK retirement migration to the Mediterranean on the source and host regions? The ageing population from the UK (the source) are migrating in considerable numbers to the Mediterranean (The host) an example of this is Spain, and this had both positive and negative impacts on the source and hosts. There are a number of positives for the source country. One positive is there is less of a burden on the countries services, examples of this being healthcare and housing, with the ageing population moving to the Mediterranean this requires less money to be spent upon an elderly population which invariably need more healthcare treatment and this helps to reduce economic costs. The movement abroad also reduces the dependency ratio in Britain as there are less dependent people for the economical active to support and this is a benefit to the source country which is Britain as it reduces the economic burden on the country. However the movement of the elderly population to the Mediterranean also has negative impacts on the source country. One example of this is the breakup of families as the older population moves away; with grandparents moving abroad this can cause family problems in Britain and can in some cases make families more dysfunctional. The movement of grandparents abroad also take away the possibility of free childcare and this is a negative impact as
Diary Of Migration
Day One (Tuesday 17th May) Dear Diary, today has been a tough day for everybody in the village, a child has recently died as we have just passed through the summer season and drought has been terrible , all the family are so upset because he had a dreadful suffering death of a lack water. This is the 12 death we have had this month because of drought and I really hate living here, I just wish I could move away to a luxury apartment in the centre of Rio De Janero where my life could be fantastic as it is only 10miles south from where we live. Its unbearable seeing people having a life of high wages. Day Two (Wednesday 18th May) Dear Diary, Because of the drought and the poor services here, me and my family have decided to move out into the centre of Rio De Janero where we can live a marvellous life of better housing and an education for my 13 year old child so he can become an teacher that's always wanted to be in his future job. We have decide to take the bus there, but we have to be early because it only comes one time a day and holds 26 people and normally there are over 60 people from the village from the village trying to leave. So today I have told my children Ronaldinho and Stella have been saying goodbye to all there friends. Day Three (Thursday 19th May) Dear Diary, It's 9 O'clock here and I'm on the bus to 3 hour bus trip to Rio. Me and my family have decide
Analyse the economic, environmental, social and demographic impacts of migration at both the origin and destination of migrants.
Analyse the economic, environmental, social and demographic impacts of migration at both the origin and destination of migrants. Migration is a movement and refers to a permanent change of home. It can also be used with different scales to include temporary changes involving seasonal and daily movements both between countries and within a country. Migration will affect the distribution of people over a given area as well as the total population of a region and the population structure of a country or city. The changes caused by migration are also directly related to the causes of migration itself. For example, forced migration can be caused by religious or political reasons. When people leave because of this, there is likely to be less resistance in the area and so the views or actions, which forced citizens away, are likely to escalate. Other forced issues include overpopulation as found in China, famine suffered by Ethiopians in the Sudan, and environmental factors for example Chernobyl in the Ukraine. At the origin of migration, the effects will be mixed depending on the influences. On a national scale, migration can be both beneficial and disadvantageous. In the UK, internal migration is commonly due to several factors, including retirement where people who have served all their working days in urban surroundings and move to the quiet of rural areas, often on the coast,
With reference to a range of detailed examples, explain the positive and negative CONSEQUENCES of migration on the environment.
With reference to a range of detailed examples, explain the positive and negative CONSEQUENCES of migration on the environment. (2 pages) It is understandable that the physical environment is affected by migration. However there are not only negative consequences but in some cases positive as well. The environment changes the most when mass migration takes places such as migration into the Amazonian rainforest in Brazil. One place that has had a huge impact due to migration is Indonesia. The transmigration that took place in Indonesia was a government funded programme that involved the mass movement of millions of landless poor people from the central islands of Java, Madura, Bali and Lombok to the less densely populated outer islands. Its goal was to improve living standards however instead it caused mass deforestation. 70% of the population lived on the island of Java which w as only 7% of the total land area. As a result java had small agricultural outputs as population densities exceeded 1000km2. Indonesia has high levels of fertile volcanic soil but many of the people are landless. Since the project began more than 3.5 million people have been migrated to more underdeveloped regions. However, once Suharto (President of Indonesia) fell from power the whole project started to become a disaster. The plan was to turn 1million ha of wetland into a major rice growing area
Multicultural societies are often the product of migration, but they may also be the stimulus for it Discuss.
'Multicultural societies are often the product of migration, but they may also be the stimulus for it' - Discuss. Multicultural societies are often the product of migration, but they may also be the stimulus for it, as persecuted groups leave a country to escape oppression. The level of integration of minorities varies between societies. In some societies there is a lack of integration, whereas in others there are more tolerent attitudes. In most countries there is at least one minority group, while they may be able to live peacefully with the majority, it is likely that there will be a certain amount of prejudice and discrimination leading to tensions and conflict. Within a multicultural society, there such things as linguistic, religious, cultural, economic variables etc that can cause conflict wihin the society. There are many issues that come with multicultural societies such as housing, education, healthcare, langauge, religion, economic and social. Religion is a very important variable within multicutlural societies. Often views and beliefs can cause problems with authorities, employers, and the host population. It then can causes issues with education, healthcare etc. Immigrants tend to move into multiple occupancy rented accomodation in innercity areas - they tend to be concentrated in poor housing areas in major cities. They are then able to become a source of
Consider the role of international migration of population as a factor moulding the social, economic and environmental geography of nations.
Consider the role of international migration of population as a factor moulding the social, economic and environmental geography of nations. In the modern world with cheap air flights and more links, migration has become increasingly popular and its effect more and more precedent. Migration is the movement of people with a permanent change of address. Migration involves the seasonal and temporary movements within and between countries. The adverse effects can be felt in both the origin and destination of the migrants. Any country revolves around its own population, so any fluctuation within must be considered carefully to find a balance in the economy, society and the environment. Forced migration often caused by religious or political reasons, and can remove resistance within a countries population. The reason for which they left can often escalate causing social unrest throughout the country. Political leaders forced to remove themselves, for example in Afghanistan can lead the country into desperate and urgent times, with political injustice and thus adverse effects. Emigrating from a country can have both beneficial and disadvantageous effects on the host country; on a scale of international migration many see emigration as a solution to high unemployment within the country. Unemployment is a very popular pushing factor for migrants, but not the only reason, figures
Identify the main migration strategies underlying rural-urban population movements in the Third World, and critically examine governments' responses to the phenomenon.
Laura Kelly BA (Hons) Geography Reg: 199938141 Third World Urbanisation "Identify the main migration strategies underlying rural-urban population movements in the Third World, and critically examine governments' responses to the phenomenon." Third World population growth rates have been at the forefront of Third World population policy for many years, alarming local, national and international governments about the consequences of such growth. However, the more recent trend towards rapid urbanisation in developing countries across the world now seems to be a more significant and pressing issue in our contemporary times. During the course of this essay I will concentrate on the influence of internal migration on the rapid urbanisation of the Third World. I aim to identify and explain the main migration strategies that underlie such internal migration patterns, outlining relevant theories, models and perspectives. I will also outline the benefits and consequences of such population movements on both an aggregate and individual level. I will then examine the governmental response and policy implications of the urban phenomenon of the Third World, assessing the relative successes and/or failures of these actions, before investigating the criticism that these governments have come under in recent times. 'One of the most significant of all postwar demographic phenomena and the
