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English for business
English for Economic Sciences Adriana Vintean Communication is essential to life and imperative if business is to prosper and survive in a competitive environment. It can be: Verbal - the written word Oral - the spoken word Visual - the illustration Numerical - the written and interpreted number Electronic - using a computer Communication should be received and understood so we must ask ourselves not what we want but what the audience wants. The term communication skills covers a number of defferent areas, including: -speaking clearly, fluently, convincigly. -understanding and responding to non verbal communication(body language). -Producing effective written communications, including briefs and presentations. In business life it' s important not only to be efficient and do your job but also to look and sound friendly, confident, sincere and helpful. Poor communication is the cause of all breakdowns in business relationships. When they try to communicate people go through different stages and the lack of care at any of them lead to confusion and wasted time and energy. 1.The need or desire to communicate with someone else- aiming. 2.The translation of internal thoughts and feelings into an external means of transmitting them as a coherent message- encoding. 3.The transmission of the message(spoken, pictorial, written, body language, tone of voice,
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INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE PROBLEM Since the late 1980s, Business School marketing professor Itamar Simonson has looked for ways to understand how consumers make choices. Much of his work debunks the accepted theory that giving consumers what they want and making a profit are the most basic principles of marketing. Customers may not know what they want, and second-guessing them can be expensive, says the professor who teaches MBA and PhD marketing and consumer decision-making courses. In Simonson's words, "The benefits and costs of fitting individual customer preference are more complex and less deterministic than has been assumed." That's because "customer preferences are often ill-defined and susceptible to various influences, and in many cases, customers have poor insight into their preferences." In one of his recent papers, Simonson tackles the issue of one-to-one marketing and mass customization. Supporters of these marketing approaches have suggested that learning what customers want and giving them exactly what they want will create customer loyalty and an insurmountable barrier to competition. In an example taken to the extreme in the 2002 movie Minority Report, Tom Cruise's character runs through a shopping mall past talking billboards that recognize him by name and urge him to buy products he had earlier expressed an interest in such as jeans and Ray-Bans, the
Il significato dei principi del processo nella Cost.
Il significato dei principi del processo nella Cost. Non esistono caratteri immutabili e universalmente validi del processo il quale è attualmente retto dai seguenti principi: ) nessuno può essere giudice se non è sufficientemente distaccato dall'affare che deve trattare 2) non è possibile che il giudice inizi egli stesso il processo 3) deve essere sufficientemente garantita alle parti la possibilità di difendersi 4) il giudice nel risolvere la controversia non si rifà a canoni di valutazione arbitrari ma si riferisce a canoni di valutazione precostituiti A questa configurazione del processo si è pervenuti attraverso una lenta evoluzione storica che ha elevato a rango costituzionale i principi che lo reggono per cui nel caso in cui le leggi processuali ordinarie siano contrarie a tali principi esse possono essere denunciate alla Corte Cost. Come è noto nel nostro ordinamento non è possibile una denuncia diretta da parte dei cittadini essendo necessaria la valutazione di non manifesta infondatezza della questione da parte del giudice del processo presso il quale la questione sia stata sollevata. I principi fondamentali sono complessi e tra loro interdipendenti, ad es. il divieto del giudice di iniziare il processo d'ufficio è il riflesso dell'esigenza di garantire la sua posizione neutrale la quale a sua volta presuppone che il giudice sia pienamente
Bismillahi Ar-Rahman - The first edition of the book "The Ruling System"
Bismillahi Ar-Rahman Ar-Raheem The first edition of the book "The Ruling System" was written in the early 50's of this century. Western culture had a great effect on the minds of the educated sons of the Muslims. One of its effects which dominated their thinking was that Islam is a spiritual religion that does not have a system suitable to solve the problems of life in this age and that there was no ruling system for the state beside that, the State that Islam had was religious and spiritual. Those undertaking the work for Islam used to call for it with general thoughts which were not crystallised. They lacked the clarity to show Islam as a complete system for life, state and society. They used to call for a return to Islam in an open and general manner without them having a clear vision in their minds as to what the systems of Islam were or the manner in which they were going to restore the ruling by Islam. The fact that ruling by what Allah (SWT) has revealed could not be restored without the Khilafah was absent from their Da'wah. That is why establishing the Khilafah and reinstating the ruling by what Allah (SWT) has revealed did not find a place in their program of work. At such a time a structure undertook the study of the situation of the Ummah at her present time and the condition she had reached. And it studied her history and the power and authority she had in the
Vietnamese Poetry and Language
HÖÔNG HOÀNG QUEÁ ( TAÄP TRUYEÄN ( VUÕ LÖU XUAÂN VUÕ LÖU XUAÂN Höông Hoàng Queá taäp truyeän COÄI NGUOÀN CO SO THI VAN COI NGUON A Non Profit Organization of the Culture and Social Activities of the Vietnamese Community in the United States of America HÖÔNG HOÀNG QUEÁ taäp truyeän VUÕ LÖU XUAÂN COÄI NGUOÀN Xuaát Baûn 2009 Baûn Quyeàn thuoäc taùc giaû vaø CSTV Coäi Nguoàn Biaø: Tranh Vuõ Löu Xuaân Phuï Baûn: Vuõ Löu Xuaân Bieân taäp & trình baøy: Song Nhò Söûa Baûn in: Cung Dieãm HUONG HONG QUE/ Short Stories By VU LUU XUAN Published by CSTV Coi Nguon Copyright (c) 2009 Executive Editor : Song Nhò Cover Painting: by the author All Rights Reserved by the author and CSTV Coi Nguon. Printed in The United States of America HÖÔNG HOÀNG QUEÁ ? 5 Höông Hoàng Queá Vaø Nhöõng Caûnh Ngoä Nghieät Ngaõ Cuûa Kieáp Ngöôøi Theo "thoå loä" cuûa taùc giaû, truyeän Höông Hoàng Queá ñöôïc vieát trong moät thoaùng tình côø chuïp baét töø moät maåu chuyeän beân leà, khoâng chuû yù. Moät laàn töø Saøi Goøn ra Baéc, taùc giaû nghe ngöôøi baïn thuaät laïi lôøi noùi cuûa moät baø giaø bò beänh huûi: "Tröôùc khi cheát toâi chæ mong ñöôïc ngöûi muøi höông hoàng queá moät laàn". Öôùc mô giaûn dò
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Chapter Notes on Marketing Management by Philip Kotler 10th Edition
MARKETING MANAGEMENT Chapter 1 Marketing in the 21st century Chapter 2 Building Customer Satisfaction Value and Retention Chapter 3 Winning Markets: Market Oriented Strategic Planning Chapter 4 Gathering Information and measuring market demand Chapter 5 Scanning the Marketing Environment Chapter 6 Analyzing Consumer markets & Buying Behavior Chapter 7 Analyzing Business markets and Business Buying Behavior Chapter 8 Dealing with the Competition Chapter 9 Identifying Market Segments and Selecting Target Markets Chapter 10 Positioning the Market Offering Through the Product Life Cycle Courtesy: Marketing Management by Philip Kotler 10th Edition Chapter 1 Marketing in the 21st century Scope of Marketing Marketing people are involved in 10 types of entities: * Goods like eggs, steel, cars (Maruti!!!! Wow) * Services like airlines, hotels, barbers * Experiences like Walt Disney world's magic kingdom, at planet Hollywood * Events like Olympics, trade shows, sports events * Persons like celebrity marketing by making major film star as brand ambassador etc. * Places like cities, states, nations to attract tourists, factories, company headquarters, and new residents, like we use TAJ or say Nainital * Properties like real state owners market properties or agent markets securities * Organizations thru' Corporate identity ads like by using tag line 'Lets make
General Management - organisation, leadership and theories.
Guga Lucian GENERAL MANAGEMENT 2007 Edituversitatii Transilvania din Brasov ISBN (10) 973-635-852-6; ISBN(13) 978-973-635-852-4 CONTENTS 1. Introduction to management 3 1.1. The definition of management. 3 1.1.1. The four management functions 4 1.1.2. Management types 11 1.1.3. Management skills 14 1.2. Scientific management 22 1.3. The organizational environment 37 1.3.1. The international environment 37 1.3.2. The external environment 39 1.3.3. Internal environment 40 1.4. Managerial ethics 45 1.4.1. Managerial culture influence 45 1.4.2. Ethic codes 46 1.4.3. Managerial responsibility 47 1.4.4. Rules of managerial ethics 50 1.4.5. Types of companies according to managerial ethics 51 2. Managerial goals setting and planning 53 2.1. Overview of goals and plans 53 2.2. Goal characteristics 58 2.3. Develop a career plan 64 2.4. Managerial decision making 67 2.4.1. Management problem 67 2.4.2. Types of decisions and problems 69 2.4.3. Decisions making models 73 3. Organizing 85 3.1. Fundamentals of organizing 85 3.2. Achive strategic objectives 90 3.3. Departmentalization 98 3.4. Innovation and change 108 3.5. The management of investments 120 4. Leadership in organizations 134 4.1. Leading 134 4.1.1. The nature of leadership 134 4.1.2. Concepts of leadership 136 4.1.3. Principles of leadership 137 4.2. How to create leaders 159
The English Patient
INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE PROFESORADO Nº 4 "ÁNGEL CÁRCANO" ENGLISH LITERATURE II THE ENGLISH PATIENT MICHAEL ONDAATJE "NATIONALITY AND IDENTITY" DEADLINE: 24/08/08 TEACHER: RAQUEL VARELA STUDENT: PAOLA MAREGA Nationhood - a constraint on people's identity and relationships The English Patient, written by Michael Ondaatje in 1992, is a historical-fiction novel, defined also as historiographic metafiction1. Its tone is "reflective and poetic" (Schonmuller, B., 2008:13) and one of its major themes is nationality and identity. The narrative is an account of the gradually revealed histories of four people living in an Italian villa at the end of World War II. The characters are the mysterious and critically burned English patient of the title, a Canadian army nurse called Hana, David Caravaggio, an Italian thief, and an Indian sapper, nicknamed Kip, belonging to the British Army. Each of them is far away from home, displaced by the war, and though they come from different and conflicting countries, they are able to live together in the villa and get on well in spite of their national and cultural differences. The English Patient focuses on the personal experiences of war of the four main characters, who have been deeply wounded by a conflict based on national divisions (Woodcock, J., 2006: 51). It also explores the effort of the characters, particularly that of the patient