The aim of my experiment is to see what factors affect electromagnetism the most so as to give the best electromagnet in an experiment.
Nicholas Marshall 10A Monday 1st July 2002 Physics Coursework- Electromagnetism Aim- The aim of my experiment is to see what factors affect electromagnetism the most so as to give the best electromagnet in an experiment. The factors I will use are: the number of coil wraps around the iron nail and the amount of current in the circuit. It is these factors that I will use to see which one gives the best electromagnet. Scientific Knowledge- How to get an electromagnet- When an electric current flows through a coil of wire it sets up a magnetic influence or 'field' around the wire. The more turns of wire there are in the coil and the bigger the current, the stronger this magnetic field will be. An easy way to wind the wire is around an object and a winding like this is called a solenoid; if now an iron core is put through the hole in the coil it will become an electromagnet when a current is sent through the wire around it. The reason for using iron is that it concentrates and strengthens the magnetic field. An Electromagnet in Electron Terms- This part is quite simple. A current is made up of electrons, so when you say a current flows you could also say when electrons flow. So if a current creates a magnetic field then the electrons also create a magnetic field. So the flow of electrons gives a magnetic field, which in turn creates the electromagnet. So the
Formulation Of A Theory.
Formulation Of A Theory The certain factors that influence the accuracy of estimation is mainly: Age, the time of day it is processed, gender and the style of the survey. The reason age has an affect on the accuracy of estimation, is because if the person is too young or too old the survey may not be reliable enough in order for it to be processed into a data collection sheet the reason being that they may not be suited to the imperial or metric measurement used in modern days. The young may not have learnt the imperial measures and the elderly may not be used to the correct terms. The effect, time has to getting good reliability is that the survey should be taken out at a convenient time of the day where food has been consumed properly and the people's minds are focused. The times which may be irrelevant to practice a survey is early in the morning or late at night where people may be tired. The gender may have a certain effect on the outcome of results because the males may differ in technical skills to females or it is possible that perhaps females are more capable of handling academical situations rather than males. The style of a survey may affect the result because if badly constructed questions are used, people will not answer the survey properly and will try to avoid them. An example of a badly constructed question is 'What is your age?'-This is personal. Many
Light is so common that we often take it for granted.
Light is so common that we often take it for granted. Yet the world would quickly change if suddenly there were no light. We could no longer see, because light that comes to our eyes makes seeing possible. Without light, we would have no food to eat or air to breathe. Green plants use the light from the sun to grow and to make food. All the food we eat comes from plants or animals that eat plants. As plants grow, they give off oxygen. This oxygen is a necessary part of the air we breathe. Light gives us fuels. The energy in the sunlight that shone on the earth millions of years ago was stored by plants. After these plants died, they were changed into coal, natural gas, and oil. Today, we use the energy in these fuels to produce electricity and to operate machines. Light from the sun also heats the earth. Without the sun's light, the earth would soon become so cold that nothing could live on it. Even if we burned all our fuels, we could not keep the earth warm enough for life to exist. People have found ways of making and controlling light in order to see when there is no sunlight. At first, they produced light with campfires and flaming torches. Later, they developed candles, oil lamps, gaslights, and electric lights. People make and use light for many other purposes than to see by. For example, the pictures on a television screen consist of spots of
Soil water content in relation to species diversity in a Pingoe.
Soil Water Content in Relation to Species Diversity in a Pingoe Introduction Fouldon common is situated in the east of England near Norfolk. The area has been classified a Site of Special Scientific Interest as it is a rare habitat known as Ancient Chalk grassland. It is because of the large amounts of chalk in the ground that the soil is alkaline and has a PH of around 8.0. There are very few areas of natural grassland present to day as most are used for agricultural purposes or have developed in to woodland. There are two main reasons why this is not the case at Fouldon common, the first is the presence of pingos and the second is grazing. In past years the people who lived in Fouldon had gazing rights this means that they were able to use the land for grazing there own animals such as sheep. Due to agricultural advances there has been a decline in this from the beginning of the twentieth centaury. The other main source of grazing at Fouldon common was from Rabbits. Unfortunately due to the Myxomatosis epidemic in the 1950's the population of rabbits at Fouldon common like many other places across the British Isle has declined. This then resulted in a serious drop in the amount of grazing at Fouldon causing large amounts of the grassland to develop into scrubland. Now under new ownership precautions to insure the preservation of the common have been put in place, this
Sideways Displacement of a Light Ray
IVTH FORM INVESTIGATION - SIDEWAYS DISPLACEMENT OF A LIGHT RAY Planning experimental procedures. The aim of this investigation is to find out how the sideways displacement of a light ray depends on various factors. When you do an experiment, you should pay attention on following factors: * the angle of incidence * type of material (glass, plastic, water, etc.) * thickness of the material I will change just one of those factors - the angle of incidence. I chose it, because there are also some problems with the equipment and I can not get 6 or 7 different types of material and the angle of incidence is the easiest factor to change in words of practice. The following equipment should be used: * 1 glass block (the material, through which the ray light will go) * 1 ray box ( to produce a ray light, which should be as thin as possible) * 1 protractor ( to measure the angles) * 1 ruler (to measure the dimensions of the glass block) * 1 sharp pencil * 1 piece of blank white paper Below is the diagram of the experiment: The experiment step-by-step: instructions: . fix the glass block on the blank piece of paper 2. draw a line in pencil around the glass block to make sure that the glass block will stay on the same place during the experiment 3. draw a perpendicular line("the normal") to the side of the glass block 4. fix the ray box near the glass block 5.
Deviation of Light by a Prism.
Deviation of Light by a Prism Aim The aim of this investigation is to test using a prism how the angle of deviation (how far the light ray is deviated from its original position) is affected by varying the angle of incidence (where the light ray goes into the prism), and whether this has any relation to the angle of emergence (where the light actually comes out of the prism). Planning I firstly need to conduct theoretical work and a preliminary investigation to test what is going on and to get a clearer view of the aspects of the investigation. In my theoretical work I will have to use the geometry of triangles and Snells Law. For Snells law to work, I will need to know the refractive index of the glass that I am using. To do this I will use a glass block of the same glass as the prism, and then use sighting pins (and light) to pinpoint the incident ray and the emergence ray and then find the angle of refraction. A more detailed description of how this experiment is going to work can be seen below. To find the refractive index of the glass that I will be using in the actual experiment, I set up a glass block that was of the same type of glass as the prism, and lined up sighting pins through it. This enables me to draw the angle of incidence (measured from the Normal (dotted line below), a line at 90° to where the incident ray strikes the glass block) and this also
Investigating the speed of travelling waves in water.
Physics Coursework Assignment 2 Christabel Adebayo Investigating the speed of travelling waves in water. Aim The objective of this experiment is to investigate how the speed of travelling waves in water varies with the depth of water, and to verify whether the results supports the formula v2 = gd. Background knowledge Mechanical Waves are waves, which propagate through a material medium (solid, liquid, or gas) at a wave speed, which depends on the elastic and inertial properties of that medium. There are two basic types of wave motion for mechanical waves: longitudinal waves and transverse waves. In a longitudinal wave the particle displacement is parallel to the direction of wave propagation. The particles simply oscillate back and forth about their individual equilibrium positions. In a transverse wave the particle displacement is perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. The particles do not move along with the wave; they simply oscillate up and down about their individual equilibrium positions as the wave passes by. Water waves are an example of waves that involve a combination of both longitudinal and transverse motions. As a wave travels through the waver, the particles travel in clockwise circles. The radius of the circles decreases as the depth into the water increases. If the radius of the circles decreases, this
Resonance of a Wine Glass
Resonance of a Wine Glass Final Conclusions Reached The amount of water added to a glass affects its resonant frequency. As more water is added the frequency goes down. This is because the waves lose energy when they drag water molecules along with them around the glass.1 The more water in the glass, the bigger surface area is covered, and more molecules are exposed to the dragging effects of the waves of vibration throughout the glass. All four sets of results taken show a curved trend (although some more prominent than others). Similar shaped glasses appear to produce similar frequencies and my theory is that the energy taken by the water is proportional to the air left in the glass by a factor of k/x2 where could be any constant > 1 and x could be to any power >0. Originally I thought the consistency of the liquid in the glass would affect the sound it produced as I thought stronger intermolecular bonds would mean fewer molecules would be dragged around the glass and thus the frequency would not change as much as with water. However, after two tests, conclusive results showed I was wrong and this made no difference to the frequency of sound it produced. I came to no firm conclusion about the relationship between speed and frequency. I believe this is because there is more of a relationship between pressure and frequency. However, I couldn't test this at school as the
Is the speed of sound affected when it travels threw different temperatures of air
G.Bourne Is the speed of sound affected when it travels threw 18/12/01 different temperatures of air Background knowledge The speed of propagation of sound in dry air at a temperature of 0° C is 331.6 m/sec. If the temperature is increased, the speed of sound increases; thus, at 20° C, the velocity of sound is 344 m/sec. Changes in pressure at controlled density have virtually no effect on the speed of sound. The velocity of sound in many other gases depends only on their density. If the molecules are heavy, they move less readily, and sound progresses through such a medium more slowly. Thus, sound travels slightly faster in moist air than in dry air, because moist air contains a greater number of lighter molecules. The velocity of sound in most gases depends also on one other factor, the specific heat, which affects the propagation of sound waves. When a tuning fork is held over a tube, a standing wave pattern is formed in the tube. Under the right conditions constructive interference will occur at the opening to cause resonance. This is a very noticeable rise in the amplitude, or loudness, of the sound that is caused by the addition of two waves in phase with each other. One of the waves is traveling down the tube and the other is traveling back up the tube. In a closed end tube, like the
SIGNAL ANALYSIS
Engineering Lab Report AIMS 2 OBJECTIVES 2 PART 1: 2 PART 2: 2 EQUIPMENT 2 PROCEDURE 3 PART 1: 3 THEORY 4 FILTERS: 4 Fig 1 Ideal Filter 4 Fig 2 Typical Filter 5 Fig 3 Typical 2-stage Filter 5 TRANSFER FUNCTIONS AND THE LAPLACE TRANSFORM: 6 FOURIER ANALYSIS: 8 Components of a sine function: 8 RESULTS 9 LOW PASS FILTER 9 Table of Results: 9 Graph of Results: 9 Bode Plot for the Low Pass Filter: 10 HIGH PASS FILTER 10 Table of Results: 10 Graph of Results: 11 Bode Plot for the High Pass Filter: 11 BAND PASS FILTER 12 Table of Results: 12 Graph of Results: 13 Bode Plot for the Band Pass Filter: 13 STOP BAND FILTER 14 Table of Results: 14 Graph of Results: 15 Bode Plot for the Band Stop Filter: 15 2-STAGE LOW PASS FILTER 16 Table of Results: 16 Graph of Results: 16 Bode Plot for the 2-StageLow Pass Filter: 17 RESULTS FOR PART 2 17 SQUARE WAVE: 17 RAMP FUNCTION: 18 HALF WAVE RECTIFIER: 20 FULL WAVE RECTIFIER: 20 MODULATED SINE WAVE: 21 MODULATED SQUARE WAVE 21 DISCUSSION 22 CONCLUSION 23 APPENDICES 24 SIGNAL ANALYSIS AIMS Through experimentation of signal analysis, an understanding will be gained of a signal's behaviour when passing through filter systems of various orders. This also includes the understanding of the mathematical representation of signals and filter systems in both time and frequency domains with the use of Fourier
