With reference to named examples, discuss the extent to which migration brings benefits to both the point of origin and the host destination.
With reference to named examples, discuss the extent to which migration brings benefits to both the point of origin and the host destination? Migration is defined as the movement of people from one location to another location, either voluntarily or forced. An example of migration is the movement of Mexicans from Mexico to USA. This is a form of voluntary migration and more often than not is illegal as Mexicans choose to cross over from Mexico to the state of California in the U.S.A., without a legal visa from the U.S. U.S. has used various methods to protect the 2000 km border between US and Mexico. Over 57% of all illegal immigrants in the US are Mexican. This is a major cause of concern for the US as this results in exploitation of this labour and the presence of an informal economy which may assist in harmful activities such as terrorism and drug cartels. According to Lee’s migration model, there are a large number of factors i.e. push, pull and neutral factors that affect movement of people from one location to another. Push factors are factors that encourage to people to leave the origin. In the case of Mexico, a large number of people were inclined to leave Mexico , due to poor work conditions and low paid jobs with a weekly wage of $60 ( a sixth of that of the US’s). With over 1800 people per doctor in Mexico, the standard of healthcare is very poor and not
Causes of Reduced Biodiversity in the Amazon Forest
Causes of Reduced Biodiversity in the Amazon Forest Explain in two paragraphs the "causes of rainforest degradation" diagram. Amazonian deforestation in the global context: The diagram is like a complex circle. It shows the Amazonian deforestation in the global context. Countries from all over the world have fears of different diseases. North America and Europe for example have fear of the avian flu and Russia and China have fear of BSE. That’s why more and more countries don’t want to get their products from Asian countries, which is mostly the origin of those diseases. This leads to an increase in global demand for other parts of the world (e.g. Latin America). This high increase again leads to pressure and as a result a rise in commodity prices, technological progress, rise in land prices and devaluation of Brazilian currency boosting exports. This again leads to a massive deforestation of Amazonia in Latin America. There’s a land speculation by clearing forest. This area can be converted into cattle pastures or into soya fields, which both also have a development in transport and industrial infrastructure as a result. The conversion also brings a rise of land and food prices, which has two main outcomes: food displacement of small farmers and indigenous communities and controversial land claims which is also a result of the right to claim more cleared land.
Discuss how aid has reduced disparities.
Rimsha Arif IB1-5 Discuss how aid has reduced disparities. In order to reduce disparities, aid must be effective. The aim for providing aid is to help poorer countries develop their economies and to improve services in order to raise their standard of living and quality of life. The different types of aid, including official aid and voluntary aid and long-term and short-term can be assessed to determine whether they can reduce disparities. Effective aid provides humanitarian relief and provides the resources needed to invest in large scheme projects. This reduces disparities as the people are able to develop, improve their standard of living and start to become independent. The local people that need this aid are able to see the progress themselves as they are involved with such projects. An example of aid being effective is seen in Freetown, Sierra Leone. The aid provided by World Bank has been used to support Reducing Administrative Barriers to Investment (RABI) schemes. This scheme cuts down the ‘red tape’ and supports the creation of ‘one-stop shops’ which makes it less difficult and expensive to start a business. Between 2005 and 2007, 1800 new companies were set up in Sierra Leone. In 2010, 4500 new companies were registered, contributing to creation of 15800 extra jobs across the country. Another example is the aid donated by the UK in order to help
Sustainable Fishing Research -Protective Policies in Saudi Arabia
Date: Tuesday, 18th September, 2012 Subject: Geography Topic: Sustainable Fishing Research Task Saudi Arabia Introduction: Saudi Arabia occupies 80% of the Arabian Peninsula. Saudi Arabia lies on two major fishery places for Saudi; the Red Sea on the West and the Arabian Gulf on the East. In both the Red Sea and the Arabian Gulf there are a large amount of fish and they are the main fish source. DEMAND Imported fish and fish products currently account for around 62% of total supply in Saudi Arabia. The demand will continue to grow faster than the supply as the population grow and local supply comes under pressure from both the changing environmental conditions and over utilisation. Although aquaculture has been seen as a major alternative source of fresh fish supply, the production has not grown fast enough to meet increased demand. The Kingdom will therefore be dependent on imported products to meet its fish demand. Fisheries Policies and Plans: The main objective of Saudis fishery is to promote the sustainable products of local fish stock in order to insure fresh fish supply. One of its objective is to satisfy national demand by minimising the difference between the local fishery production and total fish consumption. As part of these overall policy objectives, protection of the marine environment is also a major Government priority. Overall strategies: The
Malaria Conditions in Venezuela
WHO VENEZUELA PART 1: COUNTRY PROFILE PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY 1. Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela 2. Climate: tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands 3. Map a. Location absolute (8 00 N, 66 00 W) and relative (Northern South America, bordering the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, between Colombia and Guyana) b. Physical features (Andes Mountains and Maracaibo Lowlands in northwest; central plains (llanos); Guiana Highlands in southeast) c. AREA: 912,050 sq km POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY 4. Type of government (Federal Republic) names of government officials(chief of state: President Hugo Chavez Frias (since 2 February 1999); Executive Vice President Elias JAUA Milano (since 26 January 2010); and political parties (A New Time or UNT [Omar BARBOZA]; Brave People's Alliance or ABP [Oscar PEREZ, currently in exile]; Christian Democrats or COPEI [Roberto ENRIQUEZ]; Communist Party of Venezuela or PCV [Oscar FIGUERA]; Democratic Action or AD [Henry RAMOS Allup]; Fatherland for All or PPT [Jose ALBORNOZ]; For Social Democracy or PODEMOS [Ismael GARCIA]; Justice First [Julio BORGES]; Movement Toward Socialism or MAS [Nicolas SOSA]; The Radical Cause [Daniel SANTOLO]; United Socialist Party of Venezuela or PSUV [Hugo CHAVEZ]; Venezuela Project or PV [Henrique SALAS Romer]) 5. Capital: Caracas 6. International Organization affiliations: Caricom (observer),
Forestry Revival - The Revolution in Canadas Forest Industry
Forestry Revival - The Revolution in Canada’s Forest Industry Summary Analysts are saying the Canadian forestry industry is poised for growth. Although the industry has long been an underdog, many factors are converging to support higher prices in the years ahead. [1] Supply-side constraints, such as the implications of the mountain pine beetle in western Canada, will help lift the prices of lumber later in 2011. In addition to this, high timber demands from the U.S. and Asia will further increase the price of Canadian lumber. These implementations will bring hefty profits to both Canada’s forestry industry and lumber investors. The U.S. currently holds 25% of Canada’s lumber demand due to its nationwide home remodeling projects. These projects call for building homes in replace for those lost to natural disasters, and this figure is expected to rise in 2011. Asia is the other major importer of Canadian lumber, in demand for over 34% of Canada’s export. This export is fed mainly to China and Japan. In China, the lumber is used for industrial applications and in 70% of consumer housing development, whereas Japan (already receiving 38% of its softwood import from Canada) will require even more lumber to structurally rebuild its cities after tsunami devastations. Investors are encouraging Canada to pour more institutional funds into timberlands while trading globally to
Somalian Famine. There is no such thing as an apolitical food problem, Amartya Sen, Nobel Prize winning Economist. Discuss this statement.
SOMALIAN FAMINE 2011 “There is no such thing as an apolitical food problem”, Amartya Sen, Nobel Prize winning Economist. Discuss this statement. The question of the Somalian Famine has been a subject of regular debate and discussion since July 2011, when the UN first declared an official famine in two specific regions of Somalia. The worst environmental conditions East Africa has experienced in many years, combined with other social and political problems, produced the “worst humanitarian disaster” the world has suffered in several decades, according to the UN. In relation to this topic, Amartya Sen, a renowned economist, commented – “There is no such thing as an apolitical problem”. Sen perfectly defines one of the most important aspects of this issue, saying that such a food problem does not exist in which political factors do not play a vital part. Similarly, environmental and social factors too, are crucial to the causes and mediums of a food problem, in this case the Famine and its rapid spread throughout a country. From statistics and expert evaluations, it is evident that environmental factors play an important role in this particular case of Famine. Last year, the Horn of Africa, of which Somalia is part, was reported to have experienced the most severe drought in six decades. Normally, Somalia experiences two different monsoon seasons, one in spring/
Examine the relative importance of the different financial flows that connect global core areas with peripheral areas
Examine the relative importance of the different financial flows that connect global core areas with peripheral areas Financial flows, more specific flows of money and investment, from the developed core areas to the periphery of the world economy have a significant impact on the world’s structure. Historically, the movement of capital has been from rich to poor nations. Although the situation has been changing significantly over the last two decades, the old structure is globally still the most common one. This work will examine the relative importance of different financial flows that connect global core areas with peripheral areas. To begin with, transnational corporations (TNC´s) are very important for the global economy, as they are the main source of foreign direct investment (FDI). FDI mostly supports developing countries improving their infrastructure and raising the standard of living for the population. TNC´s play a major role in the world trade in terms of what and where to buy and sell. A not considerable proportion of world trade is intra-firm, taking place within TNC´s. The organisation of the car giants is a good example for intra-firm trade, with engines, gearboxes and other key components produced in one country and exported for assembly elsewhere. Global FDI inflows reached a historical high of $1979 billion in 2007, although the amount
An Important Issue- Carbon Trading ( College Practice Essay)
An Important Issue: Carbon Trading I was recently opened up to a global issue known as “carbon trading” in my Environmental Systems and Societies class. After spending months learning about the effects of harmful greenhouse gases, fossil fuels, and ways of reducing the damaging effects of air pollution on the planet, the entire idea of carbon trading came as a surprise to me. It was brought about in response to the theory of global warming, and partially enforced by the United Nation’s 1997 Kyoto Protocol. It called for industrialized countries to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. The trading system revolves around the distribution of paid-for permits to emit carbon. In my opinion this system is not beneficial at all. As students, we learn that the society we live in grows and develops with the help of fossil fuel technology as its basis. We also learn, however, that our society is economically based around what is known as “survival of the fittest.” In this case, with carbon trading, I believe that its purpose is not so much about reducing harmful gas as benefiting from the carbon credit. Firstly, the carbon trading system or, as it is known in Europe, ETS (Emission Trading System), is based upon the theoretical concept of global warming. This is not yet a scientifically verified concept. Secondly, carbon trading is not leading to significant carbon cuts.
Governments attempts to control population growth are ineffective. Discuss.
“Governments attempts to control population growth are ineffective.” Discuss this statement. Countries want to control population growth, because it has got a big impact on the economy and also influences the quality of healthcare, education and other helps the country provides its inhabitants. First of all, I want to underline some factors affecting the ineffectiveness of government attempts to control population growth. One way – and also the most common way – is to influence the population growth through affecting the birthrates. Therefore, for example the UK tried to increase the decreasing birthrate by giving financial help to families, who want to have children. This money is given by “Child maintenance” which is paid monthly and also by lower taxes for those families. Furthermore, the time a mother is allowed to be out of work for having a baby is expanded to 1 year and also the father is allowed to be out of job during this time. These policies have just a minor effect on the population growth of the UK. In reality, there are some factors which are much more affecting the current birthrate, such as the financial crisis. This crisis is affecting the birthrate, because families cannot spend their money on children anymore, because the financial situation is insecure. In addition, the situation of the population growth may be effected by the cultural
