Fluid flow in a duct of varying cross-section.
Fluid flow in a duct of varying cross-section Introduction The objective of the experiment was to highlight the relationship between pressure, fluid velocity and static head in a pipe of varying cross section. The arrangement that was used is called a Venturi, this is because the pipe (which had constant diameter) narrowed with a short contraction to a narrow throat and was followed by a long diffuser back to the pipes original diameter. Results See figures 1, 2 and 3. Discussion During the experiment as the water travelled through the narrower neck of the pipe the pressure was reduced. This was because as the water travelled through the neck the velocity of the water increased as the cross sectional area decreased. The increase in velocity increased the force with which the water travelled through the pipe. The increase in force was grater than the reduction in cross sectional area, which was why a pressure drop occurred. The greatest change in static head occurred between tap 3 and 4 (as can be seen in figure 1). The static head was increased significantly for all three flow rates due to the drop in pressure. The results obtained from experiment (which can be seen in figure 2) are actually very different to the results obtained from theory. The results obtained from theory are for the ideal static head which was very small whilst with the experiment the variations
Why should any firm accept its ethical or social responsibility to improve the environment for the stakeholders?
Why should any firm accept its ethical or social responsibility to improve the environment for the stakeholders? By Paul Bassan 11c Introduction In this assignment, I shall look at what responsibilities Shell plc. holds to improve the environment. In order to do this, I will conduct detailed research into what Shell are doing to help the environment. I will give brief examples of what Shell are currently doing and what they have done in the past. Hypothesis I predict that Shell will be currently conducting research into how to make the fuel cleaner. I will also expect that Shell have done something to their fuel to make it cleaner. The reason that they may have done this is that they want to come off as a caring company, and please its stakeholders. I also think that Shell will have joined some kind of organisation or signed up to some kind of program to help them reduce their harmful gases. Action Plan - Start project - Begin draft of desk research. - Complete desk research. - Relate desk research to 'Supermarkets' - Write up a conclusion - Evaluate - Complete assignment and check for errors. - Submit assignment. Field Research- Survey conducted to find out if customer's views on the environment. . This question was asked to fin out how many people actually care about the environment and want to help, these people are the community and customers from the
Acceleration due to gravity.
OGIDI JONATHAN. MATTERS OF MOVEMENT Acceleration due to gravity. When objects fall towards the earth their acceleration increases because of the earths gravity. This acceleration due to gravity is independent of the object's mass. A falling object, dropped from an aircraft soon reaches a high velocity. If no other forces were acting on the objects it will keep accelerating until it hits the earth's surface. However, on earth there is always some air resistance which opposes the motion of the falling object. Air resistance has little effect on compact objects moving at low speeds, but drag force increases with speed and eventually it is equal to gravitational force pulling the object towards earth. When this happens there will be no more acceleration and the object will continue to fall at a constant velocity, know as terminal velocity. Acceleration due to gravity is not the same through out the universe. In this essay am going to look at acceleration due to gravity on earth. It varies from place to place: it's greater at the poles than at the equator. The acceleration due to gravity on earth is said to be around 9.81ms-1 regardless of the mass of the object. The motion of a freely falling object in one-dimensional motion with constant acceleration obeys the following kinematic equation (i) In general, an object moving with an initial velocity and a constant acceleration
Analysis of the documentary "The Great Global Warming Swindle".
Document Analysis: The Great Global Warming Swindle PO1006 with Professor Oleg Kobtzeff Anya Verkamp ________________ The Great Global Warming Swindle is a documentary produced in 2007 which argues the nonexistence of anthropogenic climate change. It seeks to poke holes in scientific evidence for climate change while illustrating the political and ideological motivations that fuel the myth of its existence. In the wake of the convincing nature of the recently released An Inconvenient Truth it provoked diverse reactions as being a strong alternative argument. Much critique of the soundness of its scientific claims has arisen since its release, as has backlash from people interviewed for the film. The film was made by British television producer Martin Durkin for Channel 4 Television Corporation. Durkin has produced several anti-environmental documentaries in the past for Channel 4 including Against Nature and The Rise and Fall of GM, both with anti-environmental themes. After the release of both films interviewees came out complaining that they had been misinformed on the approach of the documentaries and that their statements had been taken out of context by only showing snippets of their full interviews. There were some 151 complaints filed about Against Nature with 4 of these upheld, and Channel 4 was ordered to issue an apology for taking the interviewees statements
Systematically review and critically evaluate the current protection measures available for nature conservation in the UK
Systematically review and critically evaluate the current protection measures available for nature conservation in the UK The World Conservation Strategy in 1980 defined conservation as the ‘management of the human use of the biosphere so that it may yield the greatest sustainable benefit to present generations while maintaining its potential to meet the needs and aspirations of future generations’ (Gilpin,2000:54). There are four country nature conservation agencies in the UK. They are Natural England, the Scottish Natural Heritage and the Countryside Council for Wales and the Council for Nature Conservation and the Countryside (Northern Ireland). These four country agencies deliver their statutory responsibilities via the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC). Nature conservation strategies in the UK aim to conserve biodiversity and geodiversity. Biodiversity refers to the variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part; this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems (CBD,1992 cited in Duffy,2007) Biodiversity has social, ethical, cultural, and economic values (McNeely et al, 1990; Harrison, 2009).It also provides invaluable ecosystem services like regulation of climate, purification of water, air quality
This Community Research Project is aimed at examining Barangay Nazareths waste management system in the city of Cagayan de Oro.
WASTE MANAGEMENT IN BARANGAY NAZARETH, CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY Submitted by: Achaia D. Bais Princess Grace G. Esmedina Isha Grace Q. Vallinas Karrah Kshatria B. Seronay Prairie Anne B. Villamor Krissie Laine R. Odchigue Vanessa E. Mosqueda Irish Tiffany Cornelio Submitted to: Mrs. Laarni Presidente-Pacamalan Date: September 28, 2010 Room: STC 401 Section: PSC 10.1- BC Time: 5:40PM –6:55PM (TTh) Rationale/Background of the Study Historically, the amount of wastes generated by human population was insignificant mainly due to the low population densities, coupled with the fact there was very little exploitation of natural resources. Common wastes produced during the early ages were mainly ashes and human & biodegradable wastes, and these were released back into the ground locally, with minimal environmental impact. With the advent of industrial revolution, waste management became a critical issue. This was due to the increase in population and the massive migration of people to industrial towns and cities from rural areas during the 18th century. There was a consequent increase in industrial and domestic wastes posing threat to human health and environment. The increasing industrialization and fast growth does not only pose problems related to the allocation of
Ionic Reactions Experiment.
Ocean County College Department of Chemistry Lab #8- Ionic Reactions Submitted By, Stephen Gorda Date Submitted: 3-26-12 Date Performed: 3-27-12 Lab Section: Chem-181DL1 Course Instructor: Prof. Maria Tamburro Purpose This lab experiment will provide the experimenter with an opportunity to understand the nature of ionic reactions. This experiment will show how these reactions occur by giving examples of reactions, such as precipitation reactions, and breaking down these reactions by use of equations to see the net ionic reaction. This lab provides the unique opportunity to not only predict ionic reactions, but also see them through experimentation. A better understanding of balanced equations, solubility rules, aqueous solutions, and ionic reactions in general will most likely be better understood upon completion of this experiment (LabPaq CK-1). Procedure . I first read through entire procedure and then set up lab area. 2. I obtained a light and dark sheet of paper to view reactions against both a light and dark
The objective of this experiment is to determine how a buffer system resists large changes in pH due to addition of strong acids.
SINGAPORE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF CHEMICAL LIFE SCIENCES Diploma of Applied Chemistry with Pharmaceutical Science Experiment 4 Measurement of pH and Determination of Buffer Capacity CP4120 Desmond Seah (P1006812) Year of Study: Year 1 DACP/FT Lecturer Joseph Chan AY 10/11 ________________ Content Page Synopsis Page . Objectives of Experiment 1 2. Theory 1 2.1 Buffers and pH calculation 1-5 2.2 Water a Poor Buffer 5-6 2.3 Instrument – Glass Electrode pH meter 6-8 . Procedure 9 2. Results and calculation 9-10 3. Discussion 11-12 5.1 Instrument Errors
The two central objectives of this experiment are the production of Aspirin from esterification of salicylic acid with excess acetic anhydride and obtaining it in a purer state by recrystallisation
SINGAPORE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF CHEMICAL LIFE SCIENCES Diploma of Applied Chemistry with Pharmaceutical Science Experiment 2 Preparation of Recrystallization of Aspirin CP4120 Desmond Seah (P1006812) Year of Study: Year 1 DACP/FT Lecturer Lim Lee Yee AY 10/11 ________________ Content Page Synopsis Page . Objectives of Experiment 1 2. Introduction 1-2 3. Theory 2-4 4. Procedure 5 5. Results and calculation 5-6 6. Discussion 6-7 7. Conclusion 7 8. Recommendation References List of Illustration S/N Figures and Tables Page Number Recrystallised aspirin iii 2 Baeyer Hoffman 1 3
The objectives of this experiment are to synthesis 1-bromobutane from n-butanol under reflux setup via SN2 mechanism
Singapore Polytechnic School of Chemical and Life Sciences Diploma in Applied Chemistry with Pharmaceutical Science Experiment 4 Preparation of 1-bromobutane Desmond Seah 006812 DACP/FT/2A/21 Date of Experiment: 28 January 2012 Date of Submission: January 2012 ________________ Introduction ________________ Aims The objectives of this experiment are to synthesis 1-bromobutane from n-butanol under reflux setup via SN2 mechanism, and crude purification is carried out using distillation followed by series of solvent extraction. The yield and density of 1-bromobutane will then be determined. 2 Introduction The mechanism of this reaction belongs to SN2 – Bimolecular nucleophilic substitution. Figure 1: Reaction Scheme (ChemDraw) The starting material is a primary monohydric alcohol (n-butanol) and can be prepared be the reactions below: Figure 2: Preparation of Alcohol (Mehta, 2006) Based on the figure 2, the addition of water-hydrolysis of but-1-ene will not be able to give us a primary butanol instead it will give us a secondary butanol. It is because reaction is an electrophilic addition reaction and follows Markovnikov’s rule. Therefore, we have to use oxymercuration-demecuration process in alkene or hydroboration oxidation in but-1ene to prepare the primary alcohol. In a bimolecular mechanism, the attack of nucleophile (Br-) on sp3
