The merger of ideas found in the article on Southernization by Shaffer and Clancy-Smith's article of localizing histories are indeed the most convincing, and offer a semi-satisfactory method of researching and teaching world history.
Approach to Studying World History In the course of reading the different approaches to world history, two particular arguments and models stand out. The merger of ideas found in the article on Southernization by Shaffer and Clancy-Smith's article of localizing histories are indeed the most convincing, and offer a semi-satisfactory method of researching and teaching world history. Shaffer's argument that the development of diverse variables1 in a given area would lead the researcher to find influences and dynamic interaction with other areas, provides two models in studying world history: (1) an organic and gradual social and economic developmental process, and (2) with what Voll calls "overlapping networks" that provide a connection between different peoples and civilizations. This model could be applied to practically any civilization in the world, as it sets its starting point in a given locality irrespective of a timeline. Thus you could start your exploration of world history in 2500 B.C.E or 1600 C.E. However I was uncomfortable with the notion of attributing a sort of "spreading" of Southernization (much like theories of Westernization). Oddly, I picture jam being spread over a world map. His concept seems sound in that it ties together various dynamics and effects across the globe in many cases, but by calling it Southernization it implies that a personalized
Article Summary - "Canadian Party Politics in the New Century".
Article Summary - "Canadian Party Politics in the New Century" Greg Berrea 2025631 Pol 1103 Prof. C Andrews February 24, 2003 The article, "Canadian Party Politics in the New Century" brought to readers' attention the importance of the 1993 general election. The 1993 election brought Liberals back to office, which could be the only result considering the radical changes the voters had to make, and decided to choose. This article states the known and not-so-obvious consequences of the 1993 election, a decade after the dust has settled. The columnist's main argument is a new system of party politics is in operation in Canada, consisting of new parties, the regionalization of party politics, the diversification of parties, the democratization of party organization and the fragmentation of the electorate. The article may plant thoughts into the minds of reader, such as; "Are we getting the best possible form of governance as a country, and in our own regions?" or "Is there any alternative to the Ontario Liberals?" While propositioning the reader with many questions such as these, the columnists R. Kenneth Carty, William Cross, and Lisa Young offer no real answers. They briefly state, however, that reform creating "better internal party democracy" (pg 33) and a "proportional government" (pg 37) may both be adequate solutions. The columnists show to readers the
Western Front Sources Questions
Andy Gamage 11B 2. Study sources C Use your knowledge of the Western Front to explain why the Government encouraged advertisements like source C to be published in Britain in 1915. The British had 250,000 men at the start of the war. By the summer, they had lost half to dead and injured. The number of casualties after five battles fought with the French in 1915 was an outrageous 298,000. Soldiers on the front line of the Western Front would have been living in extremely harsh conditions. They would have been shelled all day and all night. They had insufficient rations. Disease was rife due to poor sanitary conditions. Consequently, morale was very low. 1915 had not gone well for the allies. They needed to do something for the morale of the soldiers. This would also lift the spirits of their families back home. Source C is a perfect example. This is something that would give the soldiers something to do, smoke. The Government would approve of this picture. The soldiers are looking happy. They are smart, not afraid and living in good conditions. They are being protected by big guns in the background. Advertisements like these were trying to make people think that they were fighting an easy war, one that they would win. If you look at the advertisement you can see soldiers looking calm and cheerful having a smoke in a trench. Their
Summary of lord of the flies
Lord of the flies The story of 'Lord of the flies' is about the boys who have to survive in a deserted island. A plane that carried boys is shut down over an uninhabited island. Ralph and Piggy find a conch shell and decide to use it for gathering other boys and getting the opportunity to speak first. In addition, The boys elect Ralph as a leader. Their independence seems successful at first. However, the boys lose their chance to be saved because of Jack being too obsessed in hunting. From this incident, Jack and Ralph divided into two groups. In the end, Jack go more barbarous and make Piggy dead with his dictatorship in the name of stabilizing the structure of his community. Fortunately, Ralph are rescued by British soldiers when he face to face the death. Once we analyze the novel 'Lord of the flies', you will realize that Ralph symbolizes democratic power and Jack being the symbol of a dictator regime. Moreover, we know that there are some conflicts between them and that the legitimacy of power comes from the consensus of the social constituent. The boys in the novel appoint Ralph as their leader through an election, and set the communal rules through meetings. This shows that Ralph is ruler under the democratic system. However, Jack organizes a coup and tries to kill Ralph. This was due to the failure of Ralph to bring a consensus over what he wanted to persue.
Der Primat der Aussenpolitik ist fur die Ideologie des deutschen Nationalstaats des 19. Jahrhunderts
Der Primat der Aussenpolitik ist fur die Ideologie des deutschen Nationalstaats des 19. Jahrhunderts Kehr's collection of essays are united, as the title of the anthology suggests, by the theme of the primacy of domestic politics in Wilhelmine Germany. The thesis put forward by Kehr was that domestic political concerns regarding the conflict of the industrialised masses, the industrial middle classes and the agrarian East Elbian landowners were the determining factor in German foreign policy. Attacking Ranke's thesis about the unofficial primacy of foreign policy for Germany, Kehr claims that to see foreign considerations as the dominant factor in foreign policy is as universally accepted, and yet as wrong as the sixteenth century claim that "die Erde sich um die Sonne drehe" was. Kehr rejects the notion of a nation competing in a league of nations and the idea of the development of armies in arms races that exist purely to compete with rivals. Kehr argues that the army is a weapon of class conflict. Serving to protect the aristocracy against the lower echelons, then to protect the bourgeois against the proletariate, Kehr sees the development of the armed forces as a reaction of the two camps to agree on a compromise peace. The Russian grain mountain threatened the economic life of the agrarians, whilst the industrialised British threatened the good life itself.
Political Party. Parties are organizations which contest elections in order to control or influence the exercise of
Political Party. Parties are organizations which contest elections in order to control or influence the exercise of government power according to Stephen B. Wolinetz (Party Systems). They are also important structures essential for the smooth functioning of liberal democratic systems (Wolinetz, S. Political Parties pxvi). In this regard they have many functions in structuring politics including: the formulation of public policies, as conductors or critics of government and as an intermediary between individuals and government (Scarrow, H. Functions of Political Parties) Parties are fairly easily identifiable actors (Blondel, J. & Cotta, M Party & Government) and as such have an important role in lowering the costs of democracy by providing an ideological shorthand for the electorate. After all political parties are functional responses to voting by a mass electorate (Epstein, L. Political Parties in Western Democracies p98) and are needed to provide clarity and continuity for an enlarged electorate. Political parties also play a significant part in the selection of prime ministers and other cabinet members (Blondel, J. & Cotta, M. Party & Government). Parties have evolved over time from small cacus parties to the mass and catch-all parties of today. This is because of a variety of circumstances according to Epstein such as the enlargement of suffrage, social structure the
M. Gilbert, The Roots of Appeasement (1966), p. 187. In this extract Gilbert defends the policy of appeasement and breaks with the orthodox view of Cato.
3. M. Gilbert, The Roots of Appeasement (1966), p. 187. In this extract Gilbert defends the policy of appeasement and breaks with the orthodox view of Cato. Gilbert points out that appeasement was a policy that the government had adopted after the First World War and had continued to follow after the Second World War. The notable exception to this rule being Suez, which helps to underline how any other policy would be misguided. Gilbert points out that it is wrong to blame the National Government, though mainly Chamberlain, for the policy of appeasement as it was merely the continuation of a long-term policy. It was an attempt to prevent the mistakes of the past, the First World War, being repeated again. Appeasement would help to correct the mistakes of the Treaty of Versailles, notably legitimate German grievances. It was hoped that through this peace could be achieved in Europe. It is pointed out that it was only through the "aggressive, irresponsible behaviour" that appeasement failed, not through the British government. Gilbert also recognises the "morality" in appeasement, suggesting that it was moral as the government had gone through all avenues to attain peace before going to war. Gilbert's The Roots of Appeasement is an example of how the view of Cato's Guilty Men was finally being challenged by the mid 1960s. This orthodox view had
Die Zollvorlage ist die wirtschaftspolitische, die Zuchthausvorlage die...
Die Zollvorlage ist die wirtschaftspolitische, die Zuchthausvorlage die... Kehr here claims that major changes in all of the major political spheres can be attributed to the Sammlungspolitik. The toll laws were an economic aspect of the politik, the penitentiary bill was a social aspect, the second Navy law a power political aspect and the general xenophobia towards Britain and Russia was a foreign policy aspect. The Sammlungspolitik theory sees the conflict and eventual alliance of the agrarians and of the industrialists as being the dominant factor in German politics; both internal and external. The coalition of the two parties would demand governmental patronage and dictate many of the state's actions by their influence either in the Reichstag, at the court or at the ballot box. The penitentiary bill was a response to the need for a comprehensive means of suppression of the proletariat - another feature of the Sammlungspolitik. The fear of Britain and Russia was a result of fear of the industrial British way of life and the Russian grain hoards on the part of the agrarians, whilst the industrialists fared the Russian autocracy and the competition posed by the British. This Englandhass had its expression in part in the fleet building programmes, designed to allow the Germans to compete with Britain as a Weltmacht. The failure not to recognise the gravity of the
Nelson Mandela was born in Transkei, South Africa in 1918.
Nelson Mandela was born in Transkei, South Africa in
Colvin, The Chamberlain Cabinet (1971), p. 9. In this extract Colvin talks of the effect that the Public Records Act of 1967 will have on the view of the actions of the Chamberlain government, and Chamberlain himself, in the lead up to war.
4. I. Colvin, The Chamberlain Cabinet (1971), p. 9. In this extract Colvin talks of the effect that the Public Records Act of 1967 will have on the view of the actions of the Chamberlain government, and Chamberlain himself, in the lead up to war. When he talks of those the advantage of "human memory" he is talking about himself, as Colvin had been a Journalist for the News Chronicle reporting from Berlin in the lead up to the war. Colvin believes that these papers will be of particular interest to those who experienced these events, as it will give a fuller picture of the events to these people. Those who have the benefit of "human memory", Colvin believes, have an advantage over the later historians who will study these papers, as they could not have as good an understanding of the events as they have not experienced them first hand. Although Colvin does not mention how this experience can cloud the vision of a critical analysis of the Chamberlain government. In The Chamberlain Cabinet, Colvin uses the 1967 act to confirm the orthodox view of Chamberlain and appeasement that had been put forward by Cato and many others. Namely, that appeasement was a misguided policy. Colvin believes that Czechoslovakia should never have been surrendered to Germany and that the government failed to rearm in time. He also accuses Chamberlain of being an
