The Kobe earthquake.
This project is on the Kobe earthquake. This quake scaled 7.2 on the Richter scale (6-7 on the Japanese scale). The earthquakes epicentre was at the northern Awaji Island and had a depth of 14km. Its total deaths by the 30th of March were 5,477 and injuries 34,900. The earthquake had caused fires that destroyed 7,456 houses, road damage, 171,481 collapsed houses, and a total damage cost of 9,963 yen. In this project there is a graph showing the number of deaths over a period of days on page 2. It shows the increase of the deaths as the days went on. On page 3, the increase of the deaths is described and explained. It shows of reasons why there would be an increase in deaths. On page 4, the effect on the economy is explain and the reasons why are stated. On page 5, a letter written after the quake is enclosed, explain what had and has happened. As the days went on there was an increase in the number of deaths. This was because as the days went on more people died. The increase between the 17th and the 21st of January was a rapid increase from 1247-4412 with a difference of 3165 people. This was within 4 days which the average per day is about 1100 people. The increase between the 21st and the 18th of feburary was not as rapid. From 4412 it rose to a number of 5390 with a difference of 978. The increased really slowed down between the 30th and 18th of February, we can
The Kobe Earthquake.
INTRODUCTION On the 1st of September 1923 Japan suffered its worst ever natural disaster when an earthquake followed by a tidal wave and fire struck Tokyo. The effects were devastating, 99,331 people were killed and 103,733 people were injured. After this event took place every Japanese citizen was issued with a box of essentials in case another earthquake should strike. In addition to this, they were all given a small amount of training and, in more recent times, 500 researchers have been working to predict if and when this could happen again. Despite this, in 1995, an event took place that shocked observers worldwide. KOBE The South-central region of Japan is the second-most populated and industrialized area, after Tokyo, with a total population of about 10 million. Kobe on its own has a population of about 1.5 million and is very economically developed. Kobe is one of the richest cities in the world, producing as much wealth on its own as Canada! The Japanese built their houses traditionally out of wood here as wood was flexible and could bend with the ground if an earthquake took place. In modern times heavy tile roofs were put on top of their houses to sustain the strong winds which blew against them. THE KOBE EARTHQUAKE On the 17th of January 1995, at 5:46am local time, in the South-central region of Japan, Kobe was just beginning another new day. Suddenly a
The Effects Of Tourism In Kenya
The Effects Of Tourism In Kenya To President Daniel Toroitish arap Moi, RE: Economic Report It has been brought to my attention that you have become concerned about the level of economic development in Kenya. To help solve this problem I have prepared a report in which I have come up with a solution to the problem. After thoroughly researching different methods to increase the economy, I have come to a conclusion that tourism is the best alternative to increase the wealth of Kenya. In my report I will be discussing if tourism should be encouraged in Kenya. I will be looking at the different options of tourism, including the tourist opportunities, the advantages and disadvantages and the people who will benefit from it and those that may be affected. I hope my report will be helpful and effective, please do not hesitate to contact me if u have any queries. Thank you. Neha Bharadia Facts Of Kenya * Kenya is located in Eastern Africa, it is found between Somalia and Tanzania. * The total area it covers is 582,650 km². 13,400 km² of this area is water, which leaves 569,250 km² to be covered by land * The total population is 31, 138,738 - Excess mortality expected due to AIDS, this results in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would
Leisure and recreation.
Task 1 Unit 1 Introduction The universally recognised definition of leisure and recreation is: Leisure - is a period of time and Recreation - an activity that you participate in during leisure time. This Review defines some of the areas of the leisure and recreation market. * Media consumption and reading; listening to music at home * Gardening and do-it-yourself (DIY) * Sports and keeping fit * Catering (eating and drinking outside the home) and gambling * Cinema, theatre, museums and 'the arts' * Tourist attractions and short breaks (although long holidays or any trips abroad have been excluded). There are many more which could be added to this list. Shown below are things, which are pivotal factors within the leisure and recreation industry. They can either generate large sums of money or cause the industry to lose money, depending on what changes occur in these subsections. For example if there is an increase in disposable income and leisure time the recreation industry will benefit from this as people will want to do something in their spare time and with more of a disposable income they will be able to spend more. There are many defining factors, which influence trends in the leisure and recreation business, many of which are mentioned below in detail. Increase in leisure time The amount of leisure time available to the majority of people in the UK
The Demographic Transition Model.
The Demographic Transition Model Q: A summary of the Demographic Transition Model and show its disadvantages and Advantages The demographic transition model shows the relationship between Births,Deaths and population increase or decrease over a period of time in a single diagram.The graph shows different situations in through out the world due to differences in technological and medical advancement. The first stage of the model is typical of least economically developed countries,charecterised by high birth and death rates resulting in minimal population growth.High death rates are due to famine which is widespread in Africa and most Middle East countries.War contributes to the hunger and starvation the population as people are flee the cities and farms to hide in the mountains where food supplies cannot reach them and there is poor hygiene facilities,no clean water and limited medical infrastructure.The diet is minimal and thus an outbreak of malnutrition wipes out infants at young age and the poor living conditions would result in diseases such as cholera and kwashiorkor which take their toll on the population .Deaths are high among children and most would die at birth.Poor contraception methods result in many though fatal births due to sexually transmitted diseases such as Aids, Herpes, Gonorrhea etc Many children die in infancy and people tend to produce more
THE BEACH
THE BEACH The dark night sky started to fade away as the sun started to rise on the far horizon. People woke up and got ready to go to the beach for family enjoyment. The sun making slow progress moved overhead as people rushed to the beach for a warm cosy afternoon. Old couples wearing woolly clothes and seeing the life go by. One of these couples named Jack and Doris sat watching people playing football, making sandcastles and all sorts of other activities which took them into their own nostalgic memories of when they were kids and when they used to do all these exercises but now it's too hard for them to take part. Nearby some children trying to show-off their spectacular skills in football near the sea, kicking it round while some jumped in the water enjoying the big splashes. Bikini clad-girls flirted with any good-looking talent, who passed by, getting no positive response as boys pretended to look distracted. Nearby, some girls ran straight into the water only to find that it was freezing, which caused them to squeal and they rushed back out passing several families on the beach. Young children were being forced to put on sun-cream [which annoyed them a lot but they didn't have a choice] before they could go around doing different activities like donkey riding, playing football, jumping in the water, swimming, canoeing and attending the stalls for mini-games. People
My Favourite Place
My Favourite Place Would you fancy going to a location where the temperature is fantastic every day, would you like to go to an area where people are kind-hearted and admire you, do you get pleasure from playing on beaches and fancy having a wonderful time, do you like shopping in massive shopping malls and like to stay in enormous 5 star hotels? If so, then you would be keen on coming to India. Golden sand on the beaches, blockages in the drains close to attractive sites, foreign languages being spoken next to my ear, icy blue sparkling water splashing against the massive mountains, lines of traffic everywhere, individuals hooting their horn in the direction of the traffic, stacks of garbage all over the place, police finding it awkward to keep the traffic under control, little children pleading for groceries and loose change, small bungalows made from dirt with no water and electrical energy, enormous streams of filthy water and unclean wild animals roaming the streets looking for food. There are many marvellous locations in India where you can head off to have a magnificent time such as the beaches, theme parks and other amusing sites which are spotless. There are many holy places all over India and a number of the religious sites are on the mountains. One of the major holy place is the Golden Temple in Amritsar which is made of gold along with the border gate between
Measuring the Intensity of Earthquakes.
General An earthquake is a shaking or trembling of the crust of the earth caused by underground volcanic action or by the breaking and shifting of rock beneath the surface. The volcanic action and shifting rocks create strain which continues to build to a sudden release of pressure resulting in a shock wave. The vibrations produced in the crust can vary from barely noticeable to enormously destructive. Shock waves can be classified into two broad categories. Waves that send particles oscillating back and forth in the same direction as the waves are traveling are called primary. Primary waves, sometimes called compressional waves, travel through the earth beneath the crust. Secondary waves cause vibrations which move perpendicular to the wave. These waves travel on the surface of the earth and move much slower than primary waves. Thus, when an earthquake occurs, seismic centers throughout the world record primary waves before the secondary waves arrive. Historical Overview Earthquakes have captured the imagination of people living in earthquake prone regions since ancient times. Ancient Greek philosophers thought quakes were caused by subterranean winds, while others blamed them on fires in the bowels of the earth. About AD 130, a Chinese scholar named Chang Heng reasoned that waves must ripple through the earth from the source of an earthquake. By 1859, an Irish engineer
Measuring the Intensity of Earthquakes.
Geography Earthquakes coursework by Neil General An earthquake is a shaking or trembling of the crust of the earth caused by underground volcanic action or by the breaking and shifting of rock beneath the surface. The volcanic action and shifting rocks create strain which continues to build to a sudden release of pressure resulting in a shock wave. The vibrations produced in the crust can vary from barely noticeable to enormously destructive. Shock waves can be classified into two broad categories. Waves that send particles oscillating back and forth in the same direction as the waves are traveling are called primary. Primary waves, sometimes called compressional waves, travel through the earth beneath the crust. Secondary waves cause vibrations which move perpendicular to the wave. These waves travel on the surface of the earth and move much slower than primary waves. Thus, when an earthquake occurs, seismic centers throughout the world record primary waves before the secondary waves arrive. Historical Overview Earthquakes have captured the imagination of people living in earthquake prone regions since ancient times. Ancient Greek philosophers thought quakes were caused by subterranean winds, while others blamed them on fires in the bowels of the earth. About AD 130, a Chinese scholar named Chang Heng reasoned that waves must ripple through the earth from the source of an
Issues associated with pest control.
Issues associated with pest control. Everyone in the world depends on agriculture for food production. Despite improved technology, world food production has barely kept pace with population growth. Crop yields and efficiency of crop production must be increased. This can be achieved by reducing food loss by pesticides. Without some form of pest control, which is a form of controlling organisms, which reduce crop growth and crop yields, crop and animal losses would be severe, so throughout history farmers have used various means of controlling pests. Since the introduction of pesticides, bio pesticides, cultural control and integrated pest management (IPM), farmers are producing higher crop yields. (8) Pesticides are chemical substances used by humans to control, destroy, repel or attract pests in order to minimise their detrimental effects. Pests are any organisms (plant or animal) that reduce the yield of a crop. The term pesticide is an all-embracing word for herbicides (kill plants), insecticides (kill insects), fungicides (act on fungi), and so on. Most pesticides are poisons and aim to kill the target species. Pesticide use is mainly associated with agriculture and horticulture. Pesticides are used worldwide and in a wide variety of habitats and are thus a new environmental factor. (1) Many of the negative environmental effects of agri-food production are associated
