Describe Italy's invasion of Abyssinia in 1935-6 and what the League of Nations did about it.
Describe Italy's invasion of Abyssinia in 1935-6 and what the League of Nations did about it. During the years of 1935 and 1936 Italy had a new ruler, Benito Mussolini. Mussolini wanted and empire in Eastern Africa. For there had already been disputes of Ethiopia and the Italian Somaliland in Africa and during 1930-35 Italian soldiers had been killed by Abyssinians on the border. Mussolini thought that would be the perfect to attack and Abyssinia would mean a fairly easy victory and that he will have his empire that little bit sooner. Abyssinia was weak. She was poorly equipped with little men or weapons. This was an unfair battle as Italy had large troops and had parts of her empire surrounding Abyssinia. These reasons caused Abyssinia to retreat. Once they retreated the Abyssinia leader, Haile Selassie went to the League of Nations for help. The League had failed to help when they where last asked for assistance. This was when Manchuria needed aid when Japan was threatening to attack and did in 1931. The league had to keep to a strict plan and needed to impose moral sanctions upon Italy. This is when the country attacking is reminded of the covenant they signed and is asked to back down. As this did not work the league had to enforce economic sanctions. But when figuring out the limitations the league was undecided about if they should include steel, coal and oil. If
In what ways did the careers of Stalin and Trotsky Differ in the Years 1917-1924?
In what ways did the careers of Stalin and Trotsky Differ in the Years 1917-1924 By 1917 Stalin and Trotsky were completely different characters. By 1924 Stalin has risen through the ranks to the position of General Secretary. This position gave him the personal files of all the party members and gave him the power to put his supporters into important positions within the party. Before Stalin had held this post he had had held other posts, namely Commissar for Nationalities (1917), Liaison officer between the Politburo and the Orgburo (1919). He had also held the position of Head of The Workers and Peasants Inspectorate (1919). As Commissar of Nationalities in 1917 he was responsible for the officials in the various republics outside of Russia. It was in this post that he came head to head with Trotsky and probably why they continued to disagree throughout there political careers. He came up against Trotsky because Stalin, as Commissar for Nationalities, had some control over the army in the republics outside of Russia. Trotsky, on the other hand, was the Commissar for War and didn't like his power base, i.e. the army, being run by other members of the party. In 1919 he became the Liaison officer between the Politburo and Orgburo. This allowed him to monitor party personnel and the policies that were decided. After this he moved on to become the Head of The Workers
Why all the major cities of Britain were bombed
My course work Question One Why all the major cities of Britain were bombed Although war was declared in September 1939 the war started at a much later date. The time between the war was declared and the time the first bomb was dropped is called "phony war" I will be looking at why Hitler changed his tactics and began to bomb the major cities of Britain. Germany needed air supremacy but Britain stood there ground against the German airforce the ( lufywaffe ) this was called the Battle Of Britain. Hitler changed his plans from daylight attacks on the RAF to night time attacks on the British cities causing mayhem throughout Britain. I think Hitler was trying to change the morale of the British public. The aim behind the Blitz was to get Britain to Surrender, by getting the British public to turn against there own government to get them to surrender because resistance was useless. Hitler wanted to bomb the industry of Britain because if he destroyed the factories Britain could not produce anymore aeroplanes or any weapons which they seriously needed at that time. If the transport was destroyed it would stop the introduction of essentials e g weapons, food, clothes and other well needed extras. The bombing was devastating mostly on Coventry also on Canterbury, Birmingham, Bristol, Southampton, Manchester and Portsmouth. Docks where attacked regularly because of boats
Why was there a civil war in Russiain 1918 to 1921?
Why was there a civil war in Russia in 1918 to 1921? Russia in 1917 saw a number of attempted counter-revolutions and revolutions. This had caused a lot of disruption in Russia. There were two main parties, The Reds which were the Bolsheviks and their supporters lead by Lenin. The other party; The Whites, were all the groups opposed to Lenin. These two parties were fighting as a result of the communist revolution in 1917. As soon as he gained power, Lenin made clear what he intended to do. A "Land Decree" was issued which said that land now belonged to the people who farmed it. This was followed by the "Peace Decree", which stated that the war with Germany was over. These decrees were intended to win support for the Bolsheviks (the Reds), but Lenin's plans did not work. When a general election was held in November 1917, the Bolsheviks came second to the Socialists-Revolutionaries. Lenin's response was simple. When the new Russian Parliament, the Constituent Assembly, met on 5th January 1918, it was dispersed and Lenin began to rule as a dictator. Other political parties were banned, newspapers were censored and a secret police force was set up, the Cheka, led by Felix Dzerzhinsky. They enforced Lenin's ideas and thousands of people were murdered. All businesses and banks were taken over, many landowners and landlords lost their land to the peasants. In March 1918 a peace
Book review - Fitzpatrick, Sheila. Everyday Stalinism: Ordinary Life in Extraordinary Times: Soviet Russia in the 1930s.
Casey Elgin Fitzpatrick, Sheila. Everyday Stalinism: Ordinary Life in Extraordinary Times: Soviet Russia in the 1930s. New York: Oxford UP, 1999. The book I chose to read showcases the daily life and challenges to those living in large cities after Stalin's rise to power. The main point of this book was to explain life for the point of view of the poor urbanities of the 1930s. Describing the economic crisis, overcrowding, and general fear experienced by lower class during this time, this book does an excellent job of showing how policy works at the common level. An interesting point shown by this book was that while many feared the system many were corrupted by the party and its politics, supporting and in turn benefiting from, the party. Instead of a Stalin bashing historical piece, as is typical, this work focuses less on big politics and more on the intrigues of the party elites and the effect that their disagreements and underhanded maneuvers had on the classes below them. The advancement in culture and literacy is outlined quite well in this book. I chose this particular book because it seemed interesting to learn about something other than simply the politics of a time period. The research is very well done; the author is clear and concise in her writing. There isn't a lot of repetition or bias. The author tends to stay neutral throughout this book, which is
'Evacuation Was a Great Success' - Do You Agree or Disagree With This Interpretation?
'By failing to resist aggression in the 1930s, the League of Nations made Hitler's work easy.' How fair id judgment on actions of the League of Nations in the 1930s? In the 1930s common consensus among historiographers is that the League of Nations' power declined. This loss of power made it impossible for the league to check the radical rise in Nazi Germany under Hitler. Hitlers Plan's: * Get revenge on the November Criminals * Exterminate anybody non Ayrians * World Domination Depression: * Gave Hitler more power as he was able to promise German's jobs and bread * None of the Member countries wanted to pledge their armies as they couldn't afford it. * Mussolini needed to take peoples attention away from economic problems so tried to make an empire * Japan had to invade Manchuria so as to get some money Appeasement: * Germany leaves the World Disarmament Conference and the League of Nations in 1933. This meant that she could concentrate on her own plans and ignore what the League of Nations ruled * League of Nations didn't oppose any of Hitler's moves: Conscription, occupation of the Rhineland, Invasion of Poland. * As they both had the same political views and were both being restricted by the League Mussolini and Hitler came together in the Rome-Berlin axis. * Britain and France were giving Hitler exactly what he wanted Foreign Treaties: * Munich
BIsmarck and his Foreign Policy
Bismarck was forced to contend with French revanchism- the desire to avenge the loss in the Franco-Prussian War. Bismarck adopted a policy of diplomatically isolating France, whilst maintaining cordial relations with the other nations in Europe, such as Russia and Austria. In order to avoid alienating Britain he declined to seek a colonial empire and an expansion of the navy. Bismarck's penultimate aim was to preserve peace and maintain German security, consequently he practiced Realpolitik. Bismarck's short time success was great, he desired to prevent war, and Germany was blessed by being the strongest industrial power on the continent. He also prevented anti-German coalition, and helped prevent Austria and Russia from coming to blows in the Balkans. In 1872 he extended the hand of friendship to the Austro-Hungarian Empire and Russia by the formation of the Dreikaiserbünd. This was a clever move by Bismarck, this was an alliance of three conservative monarchies designed to stop the spread of revolution in Europe and preserve the status quo in Europe. However the alliance had little substance. There were no military features to it as Austria refused to agree to any. It did however ensure co-operation among the three Eastern powers rather than rivalry which was Bismarck's primary objective. By bringing the two potential enemies into an alliance it was doomed to fail from
"Discuss the development of the character of Othello as shown by his use of language and imagery".
History Essay "Undoubtedly a dictator, but nevertheless popular with the Italian people", how far do you agree with this description of Mussolini's rule in Italy in the years 1924-1936? Main Body: Concerned with: > Mass media, * Propaganda > Women, *Repression > Youth, *Popularity > The Church > Education Methods & Targets...Did it make him popular?Did the people like it?Did they even know it was happening? Propaganda- * Women- * Emphasized domesticity, maternity and self sacrifice? * Fed Propaganda in through education in school? * Contests set up to see who could bear the most children? * "Women must obey...my idea of her role in state is in opposition to all feminism. Naturally she shouldn't be a slave, but if I conceded her the vote, I'd be laughed at. In our state, she must not count."------Benito Mussolini ??? * Mass Media- * Censorship? * Biased? * Radio ? * Newspapers? * Magazines? * Who read or paid attention to these things? * Youth- * Youth Oraganisations? [Members wore cool uniforms, they sang songs, they learned mysterious rituals] * Indoctrinated through education? * "make way for the young." ----Benito Mussolini??? * Supressed independence? * The Church- * While Mussolini governed the political side of Italy, the Roman Catholic Church
Compare and contrast the domestic policies of Stalin and Mussolini.
Eric Aronsohn Period 5 12/7/02 Compare and contrast the domestic policies of Stalin and Mussolini. The greatest of the dictatorships of the 20th century include those of Stalin in Russia and Mussolini in Italy, both sharing similar parallels but differing greatly in implementation. A) Stalin was a strong dictator: totalitarianism. Mussolini did not establish a complete totalitarian state B) Stalin was economically successful and Mussolini was not. C) Stalin promoted technological training in schools to help start an industrial revolution. Mussolini used the education system to introduce his fascist ideas to the youth. D) Mussolini was the head of government and Stalin was the head of both state and government. E) Stalin was ally- won war. Mussolini was axis- lost war. F) Both turned countries toward industry and war: production of armaments. G) Both wanted to increase grain production as key element of economic plan. H) Both abandoned the old systems. I) Stalin had his five-year plan and Mussolini had a plan of his own as well. J) Both favored heavy industry over production of consumer goods. K) In neither country did the life of peasants nor workers
Describe the Nazi's stance on Homosexuality
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