Sea Defence. Which is better: hard or soft engineering?
Which is better: hard or soft engineering? Hard engineering options tend to be expensive, short-term options. They may also have a high impact on the landscape or environment and be unsustainable. Hard engineering is the controlled disruption of natural processes by using man-made structures. An example of hard engineering is a sea wall, these walls are built on the edge of a coastline and made to protect the base of cliffs and also to limit the amount of coastal erosion on a cliff-face were land is being absorbed by the sea. These walls could also prevent coastal flooding. This type of hard engineering is good as it has many aspects and is effective. Disadvantages of creating a sea wall are that it is very expensive to build; the curves in the sea wall reflect the wave's energy back to into the sea, therefore the waves remain powerful. Another disadvantage is that the walls erode after time and the cost of maintenance is high. Another example of hard engineering is groyne, a groyne is a wooden barrier built at a right angle to the beach. Groynes are built to prevent the movement of beach material along the coast by long shore drift. This allows the build-up of a beach; beaches are a natural defence against erosion and also an attraction for tourists. Disadvantages of building a groyne are that it can be seen as unattractive and is also costly to build and maintain. A
Pros and Cons of Genetic Engineering
Pros and Cons of Genetic Engineering Introduction The first step to understanding genetic engineering and embracing its possibilities for society is to obtain a rough knowledge base of its history and method. The basis for altering the evolutionary process is dependant on the understanding of how individuals pass on characteristics to their offspring. Genetics achieved its first foothold on the secrets of nature's evolutionary process when an Austrian monk named Gregor Mendel developed the first "laws of heredity." Using these laws, scientists studied the characteristics of organisms for most of the next one hundred years following Mendel's discovery. These early studies concluded that each organism has two sets of character determinants, or genes. For instance, in regards to eye colour, a child could receive one set of genes from his or her father that were encoded one blue, and the other brown. The same child could also receive two brown genes from his or her mother. The conclusion for this inheritance would be the child has a three in four chance of having brown eyes, and a one in four chance of having blue. Genes are transmitted through chromosomes which reside in the nucleus of every living organism's cells. Each chromosome is made up of fine strands of deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA. The information carried on the DNA determines the cells function within the organism.
How does Spielberg use a variety of cinematic techniques in Jaws to engage the audience?
How does Spielberg use a variety of cinematic techniques in "Jaws" to engage the audience? Released in 1975 and directed by Steven Spielberg, "Jaws" became the highest grossing film of all time, taking the legendary Star Wars to surpass it. The film was based on the Peter Benchley novel inspired by the Jersey Shore shark attacks, and is set on the small Amity Island, whose residents are terrorised by a Great White Shark. Throughout the movie, Spielberg uses an array of cinematic techniques, such as an effective soundtrack and different camera shots, to create a nerve racking atmosphere which engages the audience from the very beginning. It is the intention of this essay to explore some of the technical variations used in "Jaws" within three set scenes and analyse their effect on the viewers. Firstly, in the first set scene, Spielberg introduces the audience to the "Jaws" theme tune and preconditions us to associate that with danger. The film starts with the title screen, where the non-diegetic soundtrack is first heard. This is then accompanied by an underwater camera, moving through weeds and reeds, which create a sense of uncertainty and fear, as we don't know what is on the other side. Also, the staccato nature of the soundtrack implies danger straight away, thus preconditioning the audience to feel scared when they next hear the music. This powerful theme tune
McDonalds Marketing Analysis. Explain the marketing techniques used by a given organisation and analyse how and why these techniques have been chosen.
Introduction In this assignment I will explain the marketing techniques used by a given organisation and analyse how and why these techniques have been chosen. The marketing techniques I will talk about are SWOT and PESTLE analysis and also the Marketing Mix. The organisation I have chosen for the purpose of this assignment is McDonalds. a) PESTLE analysis Marketers use PESTLE analysis to investigate the outside environment in which an organisation is operating. SWOT analysis A common approach by marketers is to use SWOT analysis to draw together all the evidence from the various analytical techniques used. It is a way of producing a summary which then provides the basis for developing marketing objectives or aims and ultimately strategies or plans. Marketing mix The marketing mix provides an excellent framework for developing marketing plans. The marketing mix is considered to be made up of four parts price, place, product and promotion. Source: BTEC national business book 1, 2nd edition, etal David Dooley Now I will explain how marketing techniques have been used by McDonalds. PESTLE Political factors McDonalds have used PESTLE analysis to identify ways in which their business is affected by the outside environment in which a business is operating. PESTLE helps McDonalds to identify the political policies such as the national minimum wage and the amount of tax
What techniques does Arthur Miller use to highlight the conflict between past and present in Death of a Salesman? How do these techniques also demonstrate his main themes?
What techniques does Arthur Miller use to highlight the conflict between past and present in Death of a Salesman? How do these techniques also demonstrate his main themes? Death of a Salesman is set in a time when the capitalist system is changing. It is set in the late 1940s, not long after the Wall Street crash in 1929. Willy Loman is unable to adjust to these changes and therefore, there is conflict between the past, where his dreams were achievable, and the present, where he has fallen foul of the capitalist system and is no longer any use to the firm. These conflicts are personified in Willy, and Arthur Miller uses a number of techniques to highlight this. The techniques Miller uses represent Willy's mind and they distinguish between past and present. These theatrical methods also help to demonstrate the main themes in Death of a Salesman. These theatrical methods include music, lighting, wall-lines, scenery, the use of leaves and also use of costumes. In my essay I plan to explain what each method conveys to the audience and show how Miller uses these methods effectively to highlight the conflicts. Music is used to highlight significant points and themes in the play. Also, the type of music sets the mood for a scene. It creates atmosphere and conveys to the audience the emotions of the characters. Also, silence can highlight a particular scene. The absence of music
Look again at Ulysses and write about Tennysons narrative techniques
A: Look again at "Ulysses" and write about Tennyson's narrative techniques In "Ulysses", Tennyson presents the characteristics and attitudes of the eponymous central character through the dynamic form of the dramatic monologue. Through an adroit blending of literary techniques including those of structure, form and language, he seeks to clarify much of the mystique behind the mythological background of Ulysses, and reveal his persona of desire and heroism, alongside his undesirable traits of contemptuousness and hubristic pride. Throughout the poem, its form and structure allow Tennyson to reveal the character of Ulysses as he wishes him to be portrayed. "Ulysses" takes the form of the dramatic monologue, with Tennyson adapting the persona of his mythical character and using this form to reveal Ulysses' character through his own words. This choice of form, combined with the structural use of unrhymed iambic pentameter, or blank verse, allows the poem to adopt a rhythm that is one of the closest imitators of human speech in verse. This makes the words that Tennyson, writes and Ulysses "speaks" take on a much more personal tone and a deeper meaning, fully disclosing his character and attitude in a way that a more artificial and structured form, for example the Spenserian, simply could not achieve. This effect is added to the by the extensive and contrasted uses of enjambment
Discuss techniques used in charity advertising with specific reference to particular examples and case studies.
Charity Advertising Discuss techniques used in charity advertising with specific reference to particular examples and case studies Charity advertising is very different from other forms of advertising, as the main purpose of charity ads is to persuade target audiences to donate money, rather than buy a product. Thus, the techniques have to be different from product or brand advertising; however, it can be argued that they do use similar techniques. An example of a charity advertising campaign is that of the children' charity Barnado's. In my opinion these campaigns have been extremely effective to highlight the plight of thousands of children who live with issues such as exclusion, abuse, drug addiction, alcoholism and prostitution. These adverts are usually placed in the broadcast and also newspapers such as the Daily Mail as this is the best way, in the charity's opinion to reach their target audience; ABC1 35 to 55 year olds. The reason for why they are targeting this age group is because they usually have a regular income, and thus be able to afford to give money. For example, it would be a waste of time and valuable money, which charities cannot afford to spend, constructing an advert for a teenage audience because they don't have a disposable income, and so they would not be able to afford to donate money to charities. An additional reason why they target
I am going to relate the stock control and forecasting techniques that Cadbury use
C3: The relationship between stock control and forecasting techniques Used in the production methods employed For this part of my assignment I am going to relate the stock control and forecasting techniques that Cadbury use with the production methods that Cadbury use. When Cadbury buy stock, it has to be considered carefully by Cadbury, the correct quantities of the stock should be purchased to reduce the amount of wastage should be controlled so that loses are controlled. Cadbury purchases its main ingredient cocoa beans from Ghana, which is then taken to marlbrook where the cocoa beans are cleaned and grounded. After this they are imported to the UK in the Bourn Ville factory where the production of the product is completed. Cadbury knows how much stock that has to be purchased due to the time series analysis that is done. The time series analysis shows historical data which Cadbury use to analyse and predict the future trends of the sales of products. This is the reason for why Cadbury needs to ensure that the time series analysis is accurate and up to date so that Cadbury can produce enough products so that there is no wastage or shortage of products, this is also meeting the customers demands. If Cadbury decided to purchase more stock than needed then Cadbury would be overspending its money and the wastage figure is likely to increase because more products than
The Techniques Used by Wells in The Red Room to Create a Feeling of Suspense and Terror
The Techniques Used by Wells in The Red Room to Create a Feeling of Suspense and Terror The title "The Red Room" immediately makes the reader think about the story; it is important and leaves unanswered questions. "What is the red room?" "Why is it red?" Red is associated with fear and danger. The title raises so many questions that it has the effect of making us read on, wanting to find answers to our questions. The writer has to attract the reader keep their attention throughout. In order for any story to work, tension has to be built in the text, to keep the reader asking themselves questions and wanting to read on. The reader will be able to have a strong influence from the writer's first and last lines. It is essential that they are well thought out. This is the first line: "I can assure you, said I, 'that it will take a very tangible ghost to frighten me'." From this first line, the reader gets two pieces of information. Firstly that this story involves a ghost, or some involvement of the supernatural, and secondly that the character is an educated and well-read man, who may also be young and arrogant. This point increases the tension and stops the reader from putting the book down. Also, as it is a short story it is immediately setting the tone for the rest of the story. In the first page we are introduced to four characters. A young man,old man and his
Truman Show essay . Analyse how visual techniques are used to develop deeper ideas in a visual text you have studied.
Analyse how visual techniques are used to develop deeper ideas in a visual text you have studied. The film "Truman Show" directed by Peter Weir is about a character named Truman Burbank and his remarkable journey in escaping a world full of deceit and lies and finding personal freedom. His journey helps present the idea that a true life with the risks of emotional pain is better than one safe imprisonment. This is a deeper idea because the search for personal freedom and truth is a universal idea. It is human nature to seek the truth. Weir used various film techniques to engage the audience by use of camera shots and angles, dialogue, music and costume. The Truman Show is about a man named Truman Burbank, "the first baby to be adopted by a corporation." who lives in the fictional town of Seahaven, which is actually a TV set created by Christof the producer of "the Truman show" in the film. Weir brings out subtle humour in the movie by creating ironic names for his characters Like the main character's name "True-man" , Truman himself is the only very real person who naively believes in everything the producer and the actors wants him to believe in this fake made-up town. The main character alone has no idea that he lives in a giant TV studio, where thousands of cameras capture his every movement, which is teleported into the living rooms of a worldwide audience. Another
