Explain where and why depositional landforms occur along the course of a river.
Explain where and why depositional landforms occur along the course of a river. Rivers have three courses. The course is the journey the river makes to reach the sea. Rivers never have a straight course from source to mouth. Their course is always irregular. Along this course depositional landforms can occur. Landforms can be formed from the deposition of weathered and eroded surface materials. On occasion, these deposits can be compressed, altered by pressure, heat and chemical processes to become sedimentary rocks. This includes landforms with some of the following geomorphic features: beaches, deltas, floodplains, and glacial moraines. The upper course is found in the mountains and hills where the river rises from its source and often waterfalls and rapids are also found in this course. The river is usually fast flowing in the upper course; also there are lots of stones and boulders for the water to flow over. Furthermore, the river starts as a stream in the upper course and flows through valleys. The middle course, however, is where the river starts to become wider and deeper. The land, which the river flows over, is becoming flatter and this is where the river starts to meander or bend in the middle course. The lower course is where the river becomes its widest and deepest. This course is found closest to the sea where the river has its mouth. The flat area of land by
Assess the costs and benefits of one river management scheme you have studied
Assess the costs and benefits of one river management scheme (15 Marks) There are various arguments for and against the management of the Mississippi and in particular the method of hard engineering used. The Mississippi drains approximately one third of the USA and is a major transport route therefore it is essential that the river is managed efficiently in order to protect jobs, businesses and homes. Although the management failed in 1993 the volume of water was not accounted for, the sporadic volume was not designed to be matched by the management. In effect the budget was set out to prevent specifically flood of a lower volume of water, it can be argued that up until the 1993 floods it was working perfectly. In addition an argument against the management of Mississippi that floods have gotten worse was proved false as records at the time were inaccurate. It was also suggested that some levee's breaking may have saved towns further upstream. Furthermore the jobs created by the construction of levees, flood walls and wing dykes and other management techniques have boosted the economy. There was also extremely hazardous antecendent conditions that could not be predicted, there was 200% more rain than usual for the particular time of year and people were unprepared in the west were flooding is uncommon, this could not be accounted for when managing the floods for the
River Chess Coursework
River Chess Coursework My coursework involve a study of the river chess near Amersham. It is obviously based on the work that we did as part of the Rivers module. My work will show how this river changes as it moves downstream. Firstly, the River Chess springs from the Chess Valley in Chesham and Hertfordshire which is in South-East of England. The reason why we studied R. Chess is because the nearest river to us and it will be wise to take measurements of the size of a small river instead of a large e.g. Thames, where it will be difficult to take measurements. Chess River has a drainage basin of 105 square km that covers parts of Chesham, Buckinghamshire and Hertfordshire. Site 1: 1.5 km from source Site 2: 16km from source Site 3: 17 km From source It is important to study the rivers and systems, so we know what to expect and will be able to control them in different ways Leaves example - where the rivers it will not lead to a disaster to the surrounding villages as we all know that if a major river flood can cause devastation as when the Mississippi flooded in New Orleans in 2005. Therefore studying the history and the rivers we have Aid to bring about the prevention of floods. However, the study of rivers in the summer is different than in the winter because the river depth varies depending more rain in
A Walk by the River.
A Walk by the River The sudden, swift, severe summer storm caught me totally unaware. I was walking down Old Salem Road when the clouds started to build. I looked around as I huddled under a large, dead oak tree. Almost all of the houses on this abandoned street were too badly damaged for me to take shelter in, except for one. The house loomed impressive and morbid in the greenish-black sky. A flash of lightning briefly illuminated the house. The windows were broken, but the superstructure seemed sound. I was becoming soaked as I pondered my dilemma. Should I stay under the tree and risk getting hit by lightning or should I go into that old house, not know who, or what, might be in there? The storm decided for me. Lightning hit the tree, filling the air with the sent of scorched sap. I dashed onto the porch and pounded on the door. It was open. What was that? I thought, my heart in my mouth. I slowly turned around. I didn't see anyone, but that didn't mean that there couldn't be someone else in the house with me. It was a large house. I hesitated before I went into the living room. My lantern, my best friend at the moment, showed off ancient paintings of a red-haired man with angular features and a host of antiques. Over a marble fireplace, in the far side of the room, hung a silvery mirror with plump, little cherubs surrounding it. Crash. I jumped and almost dropped the
Analyse How the Inputs and Outputs from a River Basin Can Vary Over Time
Analyse How the Inputs and Outputs from a River Basin Can Vary Over Time Both the inputs to and outputs from a river basin can vary both spatially (in different areas) and temporally (over time), due to daily, seasonal and annual occurrences. Precipitation mainly reaches the grounds surface from the atmosphere as snow and rain. Heavy snow is often intercepted and stored on the tops of hills and mountains and may lead to a decrease in river levels. Some rainfall may fall directly into the stream or river and some may fall onto the land and flow into the river basin through a variety of routes including throughflow, stemflow and overland flow. The intensity and duration of precipitation has a short term but regular effect upon both the inputs and outputs of a river basin due to the weather patterns. Over a short period of time, for example a week, the precipitation levels over the river basin can significantly vary, as on some days of the week the total precipitation can be extremely high and the next it could be virtually zero. Long periods of rainfall are the main cause of flooding as the soil has become saturated it reaches its infiltration capacity and infiltration is reduced, therefore increasing the frequency of surface run off and the risk of flooding. In addition to the weather having a large impact on the inputs over a short period of time in and around the
Understanding natural systems is the key to successful management of coasts. To what extent do you agree with this view?
Understanding natural systems is the key to successful management of coasts. To what extent do you agree with this view? To manage a coast successfully, the effects of erosion, flooding and unwanted deposition must all be minimized as much as possible. Furthermore the protection of people and their property also forms a good basis of good coastal management. It is true that to be able to set up good defences, the natural systems surrounding the coast must be understood, as this ultimately allows the management agencies to fully examine and decide the type of management that should be used. Coastal processes such as erosion and deposition are the main natural systems that affect our coast and thus must be monitored to ensure the best management strategy is in place. However the wave type and the amount of wave energy that is apparent at that stretch of coast ultimately decides the rate of erosion and deposition. The energy input of a wave is due to the wave height; the distance between the crest and the trough, the wave period; the time taken for a wave to travel through one wave length, and the wave steepness; the ratio of the wave height and wave length. Furthermore, the fetch of the wave will also influence the amount of energy that a wave has and therefore a wave with a high-energy value will potentially cause more damage than a wave with a low energy value. Spatial
Dramatic Impact in Act 3 of The Crucible
Explore how Miller creates dramatic impact in Act III of the Crucible. There are many different ways/techniques in which miller creates dramatic impact in act 3. It all starts in the beginning when the play is set off-stage, 'The room is empty', which creates an air of mystery and make people hear and listen hard to what is going on. It also makes the audience/reader wonder who the new voices are (Hathorne and Danforth). Then when Giles roars into the court, 'I have evidence for the court', the audience who are so concentrated on hearing will immediately jolt and get a fright from the noise and there starts the drama. The dramatic structure of this act plays a key role in the dramatic impact/tension of the act. It starts off with a bang, then goes down in tension, then rises to another climax, continuously. An example of this is: in the beginning Giles roars into court, then this is questioning and explaining, 'Your Excellency, I only said she were readin' books...' which lowers the tension then Fransis shws his deposition and the tension and expectation rises again. Most of the act rises and falls in this manner. This technique emphasizes the dramatic points in the play because it sort of isolates them between parts that aren't so dramatic. All the little high drama points in the act are leading to the main one in the end. The 3 depositions, Nurse's, Giles's and Mary's,
An investigation into the abundance of fresh water black fly larvae, Simuliidae, between pools and riffles in Woodford meanders on the 19th September 2003.
An investigation into the abundance of fresh water black fly larvae, Simuliidae, between pools and riffles in Woodford meanders on the 19th September 2003. Abstract:- My investigation was to see where the black fly larvae, Simuliidae, preferred to inhabit, slower moving pools or fast moving riffles. I accomplished my results on the 19/09/03 at Woodford meanders using a "stone shake" sampling method. The results were conducted on the same day and within 3 hours from the first to the last. Readings of temperature, width, depth and impellor travel time were taken at each sample point. I plotted a graph of, pools or riffles against number of black fly larvae, Simuliidae. To analyse my results I used a Mann Whitney U significance test which showed with a 5% significance that the black fly larvae, Simuliidae, preferred the faster moving riffles or the slow moving pools. Introduction:- I accomplished my investigation at Woodford meanders (Grid reference - Sr06370638) on the 19th of September 2003. I chose to investigate the abundance of the black fly larvae, Simuliidae, whether they are in higher concentration in the slow moving pools or the fast moving riffles. I chose a freshwater dwelling species because there was a stream, Woodford meanders near to the base camp, Nettlecombe court, where we were staying, therefore it was more accessible, there was no time limit and in case of
Skeletal System. What is the difference between the axial and appendicular skeleton? What is the difference between ligaments and tendons? How are bones important in maintaining homeostasis?
. What is the difference between the axial and appendicular skeleton? What is the difference between ligaments and tendons? How are bones important in maintaining homeostasis? The Skeletal system provides us with many important functions. It provides us with the shape and form for our bodies as well as supporting, protecting and allowing our body to move freely, producing blood for the body and storing minerals. This is important in maintain homeostasis. The human endoskeleton skeleton is a combination of cartilage and 206 bones that make up the skeletal system. It is organized into two basic units: the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton supports the axis or trunk of the body and includes the skull, enclosing and protecting the brain, vertebrae of the spinal column, enclosing the spinal cord and the rib cage, around the heart and lungs. It includes 80 bones. The appendicular skeleton is made up of the bones of the limbs, shoulders and pelvis. This part of the skeletal system contains 126 bones, 64 in the shoulders and upper limbs and 62 in the pelvis and lower limbs. The function of the tendon is to connect the muscle to bone. The tendons pull on the bone providing movement when a muscle contracts. Tendons also stabilize the joint. Each muscle usually has two tendons, one proximal and one distal. Ligaments are internal or external to the
Coastal Management strategies need to consider not only physical processes but also factors associated with human geography.
Coastal Management strategies need to consider not only physical processes but also factors associated with human geography. Analyse why this is the case. Coastal management is a means of controlling development and change in the coastal zone and undertaking work according to agreed principles and criteria. By taking into account physical and human geography factors and people who come from the local areas views will help to ensure that there is good coastal management strategy. There are usually three stages in a management strategy, understanding the reason for the problem, undertaking work to resolve the problem or reduce the effects of the problem and to improve prediction and make a contingency plan. Physical processes are things that occur on the earth's surface, coastal processes are things that occur around the coastline examples of this would be erosion, deposition; sub aerial processes and long shore drift. Human geography is related to people and the way people interact with their surroundings. Examples of this would be the movement of people, the management of areas where people live. Coastal management schemes are very important because a large amount of the worlds population live and work on the coast, coastlines can be a very important way for an area to boost their economy; usually through tourism. There are two types of coastal management one is soft
