length of a simple pendulum affects the time
. Plan Aim To investigate how the length of a simple pendulum affects the time for a complete swing. Variables length The length of the pendulum has a large effect on the time for a complete swing. As the pendulum gets longer the time increases. size of swing Surprisingly, the size of the swing does not have much effect on the time per swing. mass The mass of the pendulum also does not affect the time. air resistance With a small pendulum bob there is very little air resistance. This can easily be seen because it takes a long time for the pendulum to stop swinging, so only a small amount of energy is lost on each swing. A large and light pendulum bob would be affected by a significant amount of air resistance. This might change the way the pendulum moves. gravity The pendulum is moved by the force of gravity pulling on it. On the Moon, where the pull of gravity is less, I would expect the time for each swing to be longer. Theory When the pendulum is at the top of its swing it is momentarily stationary. It has zero kinetic energy and maximum gravitational potential energy. As the pendulum falls the potential energy is transferred to kinetic energy. The speed increases as the pendulum falls and reaches a maximum at the bottom of the swing. Here the speed and kinetic energy are a maximum, and the potential energy is a minimum. As the pendulum rises the
The purpose of this experiment is to see what factors affect the period of one complete oscillation of a simple pendulum.
SCIENCE COURSEWORK PENDULUM EXPERIMENT Aim The purpose of this experiment is to see what factors affect the period of one complete oscillation of a simple pendulum. In this investigation I am going to discover and investigate the factors, which affect the time for one complete oscillation of a simple pendulum. It is important to understand what a pendulum is. A pendulum has a weight or mass fixed and left hanging of the string. An oscillation is one cycle of the pendulums motion e.g. from position a to b and back to a. I will time how long it takes for one oscillation of the pendulum. I am going to do a simple preliminary experiment to investigate which of the factors I test have an effect on the time for one complete oscillation. The factors basic variable factors I can test are: ? Length (the distance between the point of suspension and the mass) ? Mass (the weight in g of the item suspended from the fixed point) ? Swing size (the length I release the pendulum) *The point of equilibrium is the point at which kinetic energy (KE) is the only force making the mass move and not gravitational potential energy (GPE). I will test the extremes of these factors as I can assume that if they have any effect on the period of oscillation it will become obvious. To make sure my results are accurate enough to allow for any anomalies I will repeat the experiment 2 times for each
The Simple Pendulum Experiment
The Simple Pendulum Experiment General Plan The first thing I am going to do is outline a general plan for this experiment. In this experiment, I am going to be measuring the effect of two variables on the time of one oscillation of a simple pendulum. The two variables that I have chosen are the length of the pendulum's string and the mass of the pendulum's bob. I will vary these two items and record results for the time of one oscillation of a pendulum with different mass/length of string. I must also be able to determine the value for acceleration due to gravity (hereby referred to as g) To do this, I must be able to find some equation that links length of a string of a pendulum or the mass of a pendulum's bob with time. For this I will need to carry out research. Aim The aim of this experiment is to determine the effects of two factors on the time of one oscillation (or swing) of the simple pendulum, and also to determine a value for g (acceleration due to gravity) Design Before producing a plan I will conduct a preliminary experiment this will help me find and basic flaws in the set-up of my experiment, and will also allow me to find room for improvement on my actual experiment. It will also allow me to experiment with different values for my variables, to find suitable limits to my measurements, and to find a suitable interval between my measurements of these
To investigate the factors that affect the stopping distance of a catapulted margarine tub. In this experiment, I will be concentrating on the effect that varying the mass of the catapulted tub has on its stopping distance (sd.).
Mairéad Kelly 10G Aim: To investigate the factors that affect the stopping distance of a catapulted margarine tub. In this experiment, I will be concentrating on the effect that varying the mass of the catapulted tub has on its stopping distance (sd.). Introduction: Things that move eventually have to stop. However, where they stop depends on several factors- their mass (the mass of the moving object), the speed the moving object is going at, the friction between the surfaces and the air (or water) resistance and movement around the object. The stopping distance (or sd.) of an object is how far it travels before stopping. As an object moves forwards, it has kinetic energy (KE) pushing it. However, as it moves, it also creates friction. This changes the KE (kinetic energy) of the moving object into heat energy. This means that there is less KE and more friction. The forces become unbalanced as more and more of the KE is transformed into heat energy. The force pushing the object forwards is then less than the force pushing it back, so the tub stops moving. The larger the force of friction acting on the object, the faster it loses speed. The type of surface that the catapulted margarine tub (or any moving object) is moving along also affects the amount of friction that acts on the object. A very smooth surface - for example, a mirror- would create much less friction than
Investigating a Cantilever.
Investigating a Cantilever Research A cantilever is a beam fixed at one end only. They are often used in every day life in structures such as cranes, diving boards and football stadiums. Factors that effect the deflection of a cantilever are mass, length and load. 3 forces affect a cantilever's deflection; these are gravitational forces acting upon the mass and load of a cantilever a compressional force acting on the underside of the cantilever and a tensional force on the upper side of the cantilever. If the cantilever deflects too much it will break. This is either because it is too long or too much weight is acting upon it. Tensional Force Compressional + Tensional Force Compressional Force Weight (Mass x Gravitational Force) I'm going to investigate how changing the load will effect the deflection of the cantilever. Preliminary Test The Preliminary test was taken to find the optimum length of the cantilever for our investigation, a compromise between a very large and very small deflection, one that was measurable and easy to take readings off of. Also a perfect length so that the cantilever is safe and isn't likely to break. Length (mm) Mass (g) Start Height (mm) Finish Height (mm) Deflection (mm) 00 500 831 831 0 200 500 831 828 3 300 500 831 823 8 400 500 831 813 8 500 500 831 789 42 600 500 828 759 75 700 500
Physics of Rollercoasters
The Physics of... Rollercoasters Gravity . Acceleration . G-forces . Inertia . Centripetal force = Thrilling Ride. Rollercoasters illustrate some of the most fundamental principles of physics, these specific forces and motions are manipulated to create a great ride for our amusement. The direct ancestors of rollercoasters were monumental ice slides; long, steep wooden slides covered in ice, some as high as 70 feet that were popular in Russia in the 16th and 17th centuries. It was only in 1817 that the first rollercoaster was born when a train was attached to the track. Galileo already knew many of the basic physical principles that underlie today's rollercoasters. That a rollercoaster train going down a hill represents, a complex case of a body descending an inclined plane. Newton developed the rest of the fundamental physics needed to understand rollercoasters, by giving an improved understanding of forces. Isaac Newton initiated ideas about gravity during the early 16th century, but modern work in gravitational theory began with the work of Galileo a century later. He discovered that freely falling bodies, heavy or light, have the same, constant acceleration and that this acceleration is due to gravity. He then showed that the motion of a projectile is made up of two components: one component consisting of uniform motion in a horizontal direction and the other
wind power
WIND POWER GENERATING ELECTRICITY Wind turbines, like windmills, are mounted on a tower to capture the most energy. At 100 feet or more aboveground, they can take advantage of the faster and less turbulent wind. Turbines catch the wind's energy with their propeller-like blades. Usually, two or three blades are mounted on a shaft to form a rotor. When the wind blows, a pocket of low-pressure air forms on the downwind side of the blade. The low-pressure air pocket then pulls the blade toward it, causing the rotor to turn - the lift. The force of the lift is actually much stronger than the wind's force against the front side of the blade - the drag. The combination of lift and drag causes the rotor to spin like a propeller, and the turning shaft is connected to a generator causing the generator to spin, which in turn produces electricity. Wind turbines can be used as stand-alone applications, which are typically used for water pumping or communications. However, homeowners, farmers, and ranchers in windy areas can also use wind turbines as a way to cut their electric bills. Or they can be connected to a utility power grid. Large numbers of wind turbines are usually built close together to form a wind plant. SUITABLE LOCATIONS UNITED KINGDOM The UK has both on and offshore wind turbines and this is one of the most promising alternative energy sources being developed
Parachute Coursework
Parachute Coursework Prediction My prediction is that as the weight of plastercine increases the time taken for the parachute to reach the ground will decrease I think this because when the weight has just been dropped it is going slowly, but as it falls through the air it will gain speed until it reaches its terminal velocity. The weight does not change but the A.R gets bigger until it equals out the downwards force of gravity, so when the weight is larger it will have to fall further before the forces equal and it reaches terminal velocity. A.R is equal to the weight of the falling mass being displaced in 1 second What my experiment depends on is how fast the forces can balance. So using a larger weight will mean it will reach its terminal velocity slower. Plan Apparatus Bin liner 4 equal lengths of string 0 one gram weights of plastercine Stopwatch- to measure the time it takes for the parachute to reach the ground Meter ruler- to measure the distance the parachute has fallen To make it a fair test I repeated the test 3 times and made an average of my results. Pre-test As we had no idea on what size of parachute area, weight of plastercine or length of string to use we had to do a pre-test, we tested each variable. We found that the best surface area for the parachute was half a bin liner. We would use 1-10 grams of plastercine adding one gram at a time and
Physics Investigation: The effect of speed on braking distance
Physics Investigation: The effect of speed on braking distance Hashim Al-Hasani 11R Intro Speed is the travelled distance for every moment/unit of a set time. Speed, distance and time are all related with each other, shown in the following equation, which can be rearranged to find the formula of each measurement: Speed (m/s) = Distance (m) ÷ Time(s) The braking distance of an object is the distance it takes to slow the object down, until it is has stopped (stationary). The object will only become stationary when the driving force is being counter-forced, for example friction and air resistance. The kinetic energy of an object is the energy it gains due to its motion. The equation for kinetic energy is: What factors can affect the braking distance of an object? Well there are 3 main factors that affect the braking distance of an object: The height from which the object is released This can affect the braking distance as the higher the object is when it is released, the greater it's original GPE. As the object continues downwards, its GPE decreases, and its kinetic energy increases by the same amount of gravitation potential energy lost. Yet still, the increase in kinetic energy is never exactly equal to the amount of GPE lost, as friction and air resistance (the forces acting on the object) transfer some of this energy into heat and sound. The surface the
Physics Practical
Physics Internal Assessment Aim To conduct an experiment to investigate the effect of changing the mass of an object has on its acceleration when it is acted on by a constant force. Hypothesis I think that when the force is constant, the heavier the mass is the less acceleration whilst when the mass is lighter the most acceleration will occur. Apparatus - Pulley - Bob mass - Weights - Fishing line - Trolley - GLX data logger - Accelerometer - Scissors - Ruler - Chocks Method . Attach the pulley to the end of a table 2. Set up the accelerometer and the GLX data recorder 3. Record the initial mass of the trolley 4. Tie the fishing line to the end of the trolley and the other end to the hanging mass. 5. Lay the line over the pulley, and align the trolley so it will run straight 6. Place the accelerometer behind the trolley so it will record the acceleration by measuring the distance 7. Have the trolley pulled back far enough to allow an accurate reading for the accelerometer and a person at the end to stop it falling from the table 8. Run 5 trials per mass and record the values for acceleration 9. Repeat steps 7-8 for 700g, 800g, 900g, 1000g, 1100g, 1200g, 1300g, 1400g, 1500g Diagram of Investigation trolley fishing line accelerometer pulley bob mass table GLX Data Collection and Processing Table 1: Collection of Data for the
