To investigate the time taken for the pendulum to oscillate for a time period.
Aim: To investigate the time taken for the pendulum to oscillate for a time period. Introduction: This experiment looks at the relationship between the length of string on a pendulum and the time taken for the pendulum to oscillate for a period. Oscillation is the process by which the pendulum swings from one peak to the other peak and back again. The period is the time taken for the pendulum to oscillate from one side to the other and back again. This experiment investigates the physics of simple harmonic motion and energy transfer. Factors: The factors affecting the rate that a pendulum swings are: * The height from which the pendulum is released from - Swinging the pendulum back from its stationary point gives the pendulum more potential gravitational energy. Take for instance the weight of the pendulum is 20g and is released from 5cm from its stationary height, then the pendulum has 0.01 J of potential energy (m.g.h). Doubling the height would therefore double the amount of potential energy and give 0.02 J. Potential energy will affect the speed at which the pendulum travels and therefore will effect the rate at which it swings. If the pendulum is released within a small distance from the normal then this factor will not really effect the period of oscillation. It will be more effective on a physical pendulum rather than the simple pendulum as simple
To find out what changes in period occur if we drop the pendulum from different angles and how Period (time it takes the pendulum to travel from one side to the other and back, 1period = 2 swings) and Angle are related to each other.
Pendulum Experiments: Experiment 1 Changing the Angle Planning A: Aim: To find out what changes in period occur if we drop the pendulum from different angles and how Period (time it takes the pendulum to travel from one side to the other and back, 1period = 2 swings) and Angle are related to each other. Hypothesis: As greater the angle is as faster the weight will travel. But not only the speed increases also the distance the pendulum has to travel increases. So there is a direct relationship between speed and distance. The prediction is that the amount of time it takes the pendulum for a period will increase as we increase the angle. This is because the distance the pendulum has to travel increases. Friction and air resistance results in a longer period. Planning B: The Equipment needed: a piece of steel wire at least 1 meter long, stand to attach the pendulum, Boss, Angle measurer, Clamp, a watch that counts seconds, pencil and paper/laptop to record the results, a weight to attach on the string (as heavier as better because air resistance has less effect) In this Experiment the Controlled variables will be the length of the string, the gravity, etc... The independent variable in the experiment will be the angle of which the pendulum drops. Method: Change the angle on the pendulum. Then you'll measure the period, the dependent variable. We will drop it from
Fly with physics
Fly With Physics The Physics of an Airplane's Flight By Marco Vitali, 10B Physics, May 28th 2009 Airplanes are an efficient way of traveling to places, especially if they're far away. They are used every day by hundreds of thousands of people; more than 87,000 flights are in the skies in the United States every day and only one-third of those are commercial carriers, such as Iberia, American Airlines and Singapore Airlines. "At any given moment, roughly 5,000 planes are in the skies above the United States" (Air Traffic Control: By the Numbers). Even though they are used so much, still today, there are discussions on who invented the first working "flying machine" or airplane. History "Ever since [humans] first saw a bird fly, [humans have] wanted to fly. The first attempts were efforts to fly like a bird by attaching feathers to their arms and flapping. Those attempts were unsuccessful."(History of Airplanes) The first recorded, successful flight was in 1783 but it was in a hot air balloon, which does not use any of the principles behind an airplane (History of Airplanes). Even though the former was the first successful recorded flight, many people believe that it was Leonardo Da Vinci who actually invented the first working flying machine and flew. According to the author of "Da Vinci Rising," Jack Dann, "there is no clear hard-core evidence that specifically
Properties of Footwear - Friction is a force.
Properties of Footwear Friction is a force. This force is when one surface slides and rubs across another and this causes friction and this tries to stop the movement of the two surfaces moving. Friction opposes the movement of an object this is noticeable when a ball is moving through the air and the air resistance is slowing the ball down until it eventually comes to a halt. This type of friction is called Kinetic (which means moving) energy into heat. Examples of Friction Running - especially when you start running pushing your feet against the ground is causing friction so that you can move forwards. Sprinter Runners have to wear spikes on the bottom of their shoes so that they can improve their grip on the running track. Football - Studs are used on football boots and this is used to improve grip when running round a pitch especially when turning. Rugby - Studs are also used for rugby so that it is easier to run on the turf Cricket - there is grip on the bat handle to stop it twisting when the ball is hitting the bat. When gripping a ball if the grip is not very good like when it rains or something then the ball will tend to slip out of the bowlers hand. Tennis - Racket grip is important in this game, mainly so the bat doesn't slip out the player's hand and to help him guide the ball where they want. Examples of Sports where low friction is good Ice Skating -
An investigation into the energy in an elastic band and the amount it is stretched in comparison with the energy stored or lost in the process of doing so.
PHYSICS COURSEWORK CATAPULT EXPERIMENT Introduction This coursework is an investigation into the energy in an elastic band and the amount it is stretched in comparison with the energy stored or lost in the process of doing so. Using the formula Energy (or force) (J) = Force (N) x distance (m) Work is defined as the application of a force to an object that results in the object moving. When work is done to an object then it is turned into kinetic or potential energy. For example, if you were to stretch an elastic band and put a round rock into the end of it, then the rock can fire from the elastic band like a catapult. The elastic band has potential energy that was transferred from energy from your muscles when you pulled it back which is chemical energy. Using a newton ruler we stretched the rubber band back. Between each measurement we stretched the elastic band back 2 newtons on the newton metre each time. Then using the rubber band we catapulted the 100g weight. After the 100g weight had been 'catapulted' we then went to measure the distance it had travelled from the stool using a metre ruler. Apparatus Purpose Stool To hold the two ends of the elastic band elastic band To pull the weight back metre ruler To measure the distance travelled by the weight 00g weight The object can be catapulted to work out the force (N) A 50 newton metre To measure the force
Car Safety Features
In an age where the vast majority of the population travel by car daily, it is obvious that there are going to be accidents, and thankfully, there are many features cars can have to prevent injuries and save lives. Firstly, seat-belts are by far the most common car safety feature, and crash tests have shown that wearing a seat belt reduces the number of fatalities in car accidents by about 50%. They work by applying the crash's stopping force to more durable parts of the body over a longer period of time. For instance, if your car were to crash into a telephone pole at 50 mph, your speed is obviously independent to that of the car. The force of the pole would bring the car to an abrupt stop, but your speed would remain the same. Without a seatbelt, you would either slam into the steering wheel at 50 miles per hour or go flying through the windshield at 50 miles per hour. Just as the pole slowed the car down, the dashboard, windshield or the road would slow you down by exerting a tremendous amount of force on your body, which would result in injury or death. Secondly, another very common car safety feature is the airbag. These work similarly to the seat belt, by increasing the time taken for the person to stop, and providing a 'cushiony' bag to inflate, stimulated by the crash, to reduce the impact of smashing into the dashboard. Airbags are found to reduce car accident
To investigate the amount of time it takes to complete one swing from points A-C.
PENDULUM Introduction To investigate the amount of time it takes to complete one swing from points A-C. Prediction As a pendulum swings we give it gravitational energy. The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be destroyed and it can only be changed. As the pendulum reaches the middle of the swing, the gravitational energy changes to kinetic energy. The drawings that I drew on the previous page show that all of the pendulums have the same gravitational energy, as they are all lifted the same height (the drawings show this by lifting up the pendulum every two lines on each drawing). It states in the law of conservation above that we can only change energy and that it cannot be destroyed this proves because the gravitational energy being the same the kinetic energy is also the same, this also proves that the pendulums are moving at the same speed during the middle of the swing. ARE THEY DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL? As we know the pendulums all travel at the same speed but are the distance and the time directly proportional. We can work this out by doing some simple sums using the drawings we presented earlier. As a pendulum is part of a circle we will use the circumference of these circles to find out the answer to the sums (2?r). As these pendulums are only part of a circle we must find out the angle and work it out. E.g. Pendulum B Ruler A C
Investigating the speed at which a ball bounces off a surface
Investigating the speed at which a ball bounces off a surface Plan Introduction I intend on investigating the speed at which a ball rebounds of a given surface. I will try and find a relationship between the speed it hits the surface and the speed it comes off the surface. Background Information The principle of conservation of energy states "Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted from one form to another."1 This is the reason that the ball does not rebound off the block at the same speed that it hits it at. As some of the energy has been converted into a different form when it hits the block. Prediction I predict that as the velocity of the ball approaching the surface increases then the speed at which it rebounds off it also increases proportionally. So if I double the speed of Va (velocity of approach) then the speed at which it rebounds is also doubled. e.g. Va Vr. This means that the graph of my results should produce a straight-line graph as they are proportional (as shown in the diagram). This also means that the wooden block takes the same proportion of energy every time the ball hits the block The reason why I think that the rebound speed will be slower than the approaching speed is that some of the kinetic energy from the moving ball is converted to the form of heat and sound when it hits the block. The kinetic energy of the ball has not
Physics Lab Relative Density
Experiment-Measurements and units Aim- . To determine the relative density of a cork bung 2. To determine the relative density of the material from which a drawing pin is constructed. Theory-Relative density is the ratio of the density of a substance to the density of a given reference material (usually water). When the when the relative density of a substance was less than the density of water the substance floated and when the relative density of a substance is greater than the density of water the substance sunk. Variables * Controlled-amt of water in displacement can, * Manipulative- * Responding-mass of cork bung, volume of cork bung and sinker, volume of sinker. Apparatus- Cork Bung Experiment * sinker * cork bung * displacement can * 100ml Class B measuring cylinder * triple beam balance * 250ml beaker. Drawing Pin Experiment * Triple beam balance * 10ml Class B measuring cylinder * 10 drawing pins * displacement can * 250ml beaker Diagram- Diagrams Showing setup of the Cork Bung Experiment- Diagram showing the setup of the pins experiment- Method- Cork Bung Experiment . The displacement can was filled to the spout 2. The cork bung was tied to the sinker and placed in the displacement can 3. The water displaced water was collected in the 250ml beaker and then transferred to the 100ml measuring cylinder 4. The reading was recorded 5.
Investigating the speed of pulses along a strectched spring
Title Investigating the speed of pulses along a strectched spring Objective This experiment is to measure the speed of pulses along a stretched spring and compare it with the thearetical value. Apparatus Long spring x 1 Stop-watch x 1 Newton balance(scale 0-10N) x 1 Slinky spring x 1 Metre rule or measuring tape x 1 Compression balance(scale 0-2kg) x 1 Theory A wave, which can transfer energy from one point to another, consists of a disturbance moving from a source to sorrounding places. There are two types of progressive wave: transverse wave and longitudinal wave. The direction associated with the disturbance is at right angles to the direction of travel by the transverse wave. The disturbance is in the same direction as that of the longitudinal wave. The pulses of this two type of waves can be sent along a slinky spring. In this experiment, both the transverse and longitudinal pulses are generated bt\y the hand, and the speed of the transvers pulses along the spring c can be found by: c = whereT is the tension of the spring and µis the mass per unit length of the spring. Procedure . A long spring was stretched on the floor over a distance of about 10m. The two ends of the long spring was marked with chalk. 2. A long spring along the spring was sent and the time of travel from one end to the other and back again was measured. Then the pulse was
