What factors affect the period (time for each complete swing) of a pendulum?
Investigation: Period of a pendulum Task: what factors affect the period (time for each complete swing) of a pendulum? Aim: In this investigation I am going to find out as many factors, which will affect the period of a simple pendulum. I will then test each factor, so I will be able to conclude with the correct factor at the end of my investigation. This type of pendulum will consist of a mass hanging on a length of string. Definitions: An oscillation is one cycle of the pendulums motion, for example, from position y to x and back to y. The period of oscillation is the time required for the pendulum to complete one cycle of its motion. A simple pendulum is a mass suspended from a fixed point and allowed to swing freely. The following are the factors that I think will affect the period of a pendulum: ) Length of pendulum- this is from the distance between the end of the cork and the end of the mass. As the pendulum gets longer the time increases. 2) Mass-the weight will be measured in g, the heavier the mass, the slower it travels, because of the pull of gravity. 3) Angle of amplitude- the angle between the point from where it starts it swing, to the distance from where the swing ends, the point at which kinetic energy is the only force making the mass move and not gravitational potential energy. I will be testing these factors, as then I would have a better idea of
To investigate how changing a feature, like using length affects the speed of the spinner.
Aim: To investigate how changing a feature, like using length affects the speed of the spinner. Plan: In this investigation in testing how fast a spinner's speed is I am going to make the variable the wing length. I made a prototype spinner to observe what different types of material made a better spinner; matters that will affect the spinner are the weight of the spinner, friction, up-thrust and the gravitational pull. The bigger the surface area of the spinner the more friction there will be. Equipment: Paper, Paperclips, Stopwatch, Ruler. In the experiment I will change the wing length 10 times and cut 1 cm off each time. I will repeat this 5 times to be certain I have recorded the right time. To make this a fair test I have to use the same type of paper to make my spinner, in this case I am using graph paper. I have to keep the same amount of paper clips attached to the spinner, I also have to keep the height that I drop the spinner from (2.5 metres), and I also want to use the same stopwatch so it gives off the right time and at the right speed because other stopwatches may vary. I predict that the shorter the wing length gets the faster the spinner is going to fall and reach the ground. I think this because the shorter the wing length the less surface area there is on the spinner and less friction and up-thrust. I am going to use a results table to record my
Experiment To Determine How the Change In the Force of the Weight Affects the Depresion of the Ruler.
EXPERIMENT TO DETERMINE HOW THE CHANGE IN THE FORCE OF THE WEIGHT AFFECTS THE DEPRESION OF THE RULER. In this experiment I am going to investigate how the change of in the force of the weight affects the depression of the ruler. This experiment will mainly be based on Hooke's law and the moment's law. METHOD * First we are going to collect our apparatus and set it up on the table. I will clamp a 1m ruler onto the table parallel with 50cm of the ruler hanging over the edge. * We will then place a piece of wood over the ruler to make the ruler is secure. We will lock the wood to the ruler using the G-clamp... * We will then attach another ruler at the end of the ruler on the edge of the table. This will help us measure the length between the ruler which has bent downwards and the straight ruler attached to the clamp. To determine the depression of the ruler. * We will attach a piece string to the parallel ruler at the 950mm mark. We will hang the weights on that piece of string. * We will keep changing the force of weights each time keeping the string at the same position. We will repeat the experiment 3 times and achieve an average. * We will then record our results on a table of results. APPARATUS USED * 2× ruler * String * G- clamps * Wood * Weights * Clamps WHY? * I will use two rulers in this experiment, one will lie parallel on the table, and the
to investigate the stopping distance of a toy trolley
PLANNING Aim: My aim is to investigate the stopping distance of a toy trolley when rolled down a ramp when the angle of the ramp is varied as the independent variable. Method: * First the equipment is arranged as shown in the diagram. Equipment: Toy trolley, Wooden Ramp, Wooden blocks, Ruler Protractor. I am using wooden blocks to raise the angle of the ramp because the preliminary investigation showed that this was the easiest and most accurate way to do it. * Start with no wooden blocks underneath the ramp. * Set the trolley so it is at the top of the ramp. Let the trolley roll down from here throughout the experiment because this needs to be kept constant so it is a fair test. * Let the trolley roll down the ramp at an angle of angle 0? and measure the distance from the bottom of the ramp to the front wheel of the trolley where it stops. Increase the angle to 5? for the next experiment by adding a wooden block under the ramp and so on up in angles of 5? to 25?. I have decided to do it like this because the preliminary investigation showed that for the size of the wooden blocks that I am using a 5? increase is the most accurate. * Use the protractor to accurately measure the angle. The preliminary investigation showed that this was the easiest way to measure the angle of the ramp. * Measure the stopping distance of the toy trolley when the ramp is at these
The aim of the experiment is to find out which of the different shapes/sized parachutes work most efficiently.
Aim: The aim of the experiment is to find out which of the different shapes/sized parachutes work most efficiently. Prediction: My prediction is that the parachute with the largest area will be the most efficient. I think this will happen as the larger area will grab the most air resistance making it last longer in the air and safer to use. Apparatus part1: Piece of thin card in the shape of a circle (approx. diameter 30cm) Polythene Sheet Sellotape Cotton Thread Paperclips Ruler Stop clock Scissors Apparatus part2: How to make the parachute? . Place the card circle over the sheet of polythene and carefully cut round it. You now have a polythene circle. 2. Cut 7 or 8 pieces of cotton thread, each about 40cm long. Take care to keep them separate. 3. Use Sellotape to stick the threads around the polythene circle. (Don't tangle them) 4. Collect the ends of the threads together and tie them in a knot. You now have your Parachute. Safety Procedure: The safety procedure is one of the main aspects of doing any experiment! In this and every experiment you do you should follow the rules to maintain a safe class. The rules for this experiment are: Make sure there is no-one around you when you drop the parachute. Make sure the parachute does not hit anyone. Make sure the chair or table you stand on while dropping the parachute is properly secure at all times.
Biomechanics of the Sprint Start
Biomechanics of the Sprint Start Introduction In track and field athletics, sprint races cover a range of distances from 60m up to 400m. There are three main types of crouched positions: the bullet, the medium and the elongated positions. A crouched start is more effective than a standing start as it places the sprinter in a position to move the centre of gravity rapidly well ahead of the feet and thus the runner must accelerate very quickly or else fall. Movement from the set position in the sprint start must not only be fast and forceful but should permit the sprinter to rapidly take up a mechanically efficient running position. Scientific research on sprint starting dates back as far back as 1927 when Bresnahan investigated the difference between starting from holes dug in the ground and starting from blocks. Research has dealt with many factors that affect the sprint start such as the angle of the blocks, the block spacing, the forces exerted against the blocks, and the body position during the "set" phase of the sprint start. A Description of the Sprint Start The sprint start is a motor skill. A motor skill can be defined as "an action or a task that has a goal and that requires voluntary body and/or limb movement to achieve the goal".Specifically, the sprint start could be categorised as a gross, continuous, closed motor skill. It is a "gross" skill in that it
Identify the factors affecting the braking distance of a toy car.
Planning the Investigation Aim: My aim through this experiment is to identify the factors affecting the braking distance of a toy car; the factor I am investigating is Speed. The reason I choose speed to investigate was because I thought of all the possible outcomes and worked out that the mass would only be able to go up to no more than five masses on the car as there would not be enough carpet as a breaking area without falling off the table. So from the results I can plot graphs of Speed and Breaking Distance against the mass of the car. I am investigating the speed variable and looking at the breaking distance. Method: To begin with a car which is 2.5 inches long and weighs 52.2g is placed at a height on the plastic runway. The car runs down the track and onto a piece of carpet. I then take the results that come up on the computer screen, which is the speed, measured in m/s. These results are recorded by a light gate sensor; the car travels down the runway and intercepts the beam of the light gate. The speed is recorded by the car going through the light gate with its front end and then when the back end of the car has gone through, it measures how long it took the whole car to pass through the light gate. The speed is sent through the control box and into the computer showing the wide-ranging results on the screen. I must remember that the release of the car from
Physics principals in a playground
Principals of Physics in a playground Slides: A slide shows the conversion of energy (energy that changes from one to another, it will never be created nor destroyed), friction (resistance) and gravity. Slides will only work if gravity does its work, however the person will have to nudge forward a little to go down. Without the work of gravity, the person will not be able to slide down. When a person sits on top of the slide, potential energy is present, as the person slides down potential energy is turned into kinetic energy. This energy comes from gravity, exerted by the Earth's mass. The steeper the slide is the higher the potential energy is and the higher the person's acceleration is. Acceleration is the change in velocity. In freefall gravity accelerates 9.8 ms. So the steeper the slide is, the closer you are in falling straight to the ground, because the slide is titled, the force of gravity acts upon you, and presses you to the slide, leaving only some energy for you to accelerate towards the ground, therefore your acceleration will not be exactly 9.8 ms, acceleration will be near to 9.8 ms. The force of the person on the slide is equal to the person mass times their acceleration. So the larger the person's force is, the slower the acceleration is. F=MA Friction is the resistance to the two moving objects that touch; friction reduces your speed so you don't
A Race Against Time by Tan Mei Xiu.
A Race Against Time by Tan Mei Xiu 4C1 " I can do it... I can ..." I kept repeating this line over and over again as I positioned myself at the starting point. The war of the crowd seemed miles away and all that mattered was me, the track and the clock. Time seemed to freeze for a split second as I began to crouch to my starting position. It was an agonizing two seconds as I waited for the splitting, piercing sound to erupt from the gun. Now was that crucial moment. A decision that had kept my mind from thinking anything else besides this race. I took half a second to glance at my opponents on my right. These are the ones. The best of this nation. The ones I had to beat. But what worried me was not the other seven runners, but the clock, the record set back in eighty-three. Yes, today, the twenty-year-old record would be no more, and a new champion would be born. My mind dangerously wandered off, breaking my concentration. What if...? It was racing with thoughts of uncertainties, fear and doubt. Winning was not a problem, it was making a mark in today's event that was the challenge. If I were to just simply run this race, it would be like leaving my footprints along the beach. Tide and time would wash away those marks - someone else may beat my timing some other time, and I would be nothing. Or, I could imprint my hands onto the blocks of semi-wet cement in Hollywood, and
The purpose of this experiment is to see what factors affect the period of one complete oscillation of a simple pendulum.
SCIENCE COURSEWORK PENDULUM EXPERIMENT Aim The purpose of this experiment is to see what factors affect the period of one complete oscillation of a simple pendulum. In this investigation I am going to discover and investigate the factors, which affect the time for one complete oscillation of a simple pendulum. It is important to understand what a pendulum is. A pendulum has a weight or mass fixed and left hanging of the string. An oscillation is one cycle of the pendulums motion e.g. from position a to b and back to a. I will time how long it takes for one oscillation of the pendulum. I am going to do a simple preliminary experiment to investigate which of the factors I test have an effect on the time for one complete oscillation. The factors basic variable factors I can test are: ? Length (the distance between the point of suspension and the mass) ? Mass (the weight in g of the item suspended from the fixed point) ? Swing size (the length I release the pendulum) *The point of equilibrium is the point at which kinetic energy (KE) is the only force making the mass move and not gravitational potential energy (GPE). I will test the extremes of these factors as I can assume that if they have any effect on the period of oscillation it will become obvious. To make sure my results are accurate enough to allow for any anomalies I will repeat the experiment 2 times for each
