effects of substrate concentration on the activity of the enzyme catalase.
Investigate the effects of substrate concentration on the activity of the enzyme catalase. To explain this, catalase is an enzyme found in potato cells, catalase breaks down the substrate Hydrogen-Peroxide into water + oxygen. Hydrogen Peroxide itself is a waste product found in potatoes and other fruit + vegetables. When I do this I will see with different concentrations of the substrate and see how quick the enzyme catalase works on it. The four things that affect the rate at which the substrate and enzyme would react are as follow:- * Susceptibility of temperature change. * Susceptibility to PH changes. * Enzyme concentration. * Substrate concentration. Now I will explain each one of these in detail and how they can change the rate of reaction in many different ways. Susceptibility of temperature: - Chemical reactions can be speeded up by heating the reactants, this makes molecules speed up and have sufficient energy for more successful collisions. If the temperature is too high the enzyme would vibrate and it would denature because the active-site would change shape. Susceptibility of PH changes: - Enzymes can be denatured by changes in PH. This happens because the ionisation of the Amino acids changes, the Ionic bonds with stabilise the enzyme, that shape is broken so they are no longer stable. So you need the right PH for the ionic bonds to stay stable for the
The overall finish of my Family Fruit cake was excellent. It was golden and crispy brown at the top in relation to appearance. It gave off a wonderful aroma of freshly baked sponge cake when it was being baked.
The overall finish of my Family Fruit cake was excellent. It was golden and crispy brown at the top in relation to appearance. It gave off a wonderful aroma of freshly baked sponge cake when it was being baked. It looked mouth watering once it had cooled down. The flavour of the cake was fruity and the texture was spongy and moist. It looked colourful also because of the different colours of the dried fruit I had added. I was amazed with the overall finish of the cake because it was neat and it was brilliant in taste, texture and appearance. I couldn't find any bad points for the overall finish of my cake. I had sprinkled the top of the cake with some dimera sugar (brown sugar) which gave it a crispy top. The sponge was light yellow or pale in colour. The sponge was well risen because the size of the cake was fairly thick. The appearance was golden brown with a crispy touch which made my cake more appealing. It was light, crumbly and soft in texture and the flavour of my sponge was sweet and it wasn't eggy. Those were all the good points of the cake but the bad point was that when I spooned the mixture into the baking tray, it had some dry flour in the middle which wasn't mixed in with the rest because of the mixture being too thick with all the fruits. The sponge didn't stick to the tray once it was ready; this was a good thing because it came out easily because I had
Compare and contrast the Functionalist and Marxist views of society.
Compare and contrast the Functionalist and Marxist views of society. Sociology has been classified as the last in a long line of emerging scientific disciplines which people have developed and explored in order to make sense of their world. Early theories such as the positivist approach of Comte, the functionalist views of Emile Durkheim and the conflict perspectives of Karl Marx have offered a view of why human beings behave as they do and how they fit together in society. Each theory has to some extent been shaped or influenced by the approach of others and many sociological explanations have comparisons or contrast that can be made. Browne once said "sociological perspectives centre on how much freedom or control the individual had to influence society" He goes on to comment on the two main approaches "structuralism is concerned with the overall structure of society and the way social institutions act as a constraint, or limit and control individual behaviour". Structuralism offers a view of the individual being controlled by the society they live in, Marx and Durkheim are similar in that they can both be described as structuralists, however their individual ideas are somewhat different. Functionalism was developed by Emile Durkheim, he believed like Comte that sociology should be viewed as a precise science and that society should be studied objectively. Durkheim
You have been stranded on a desert island. Describe your first 24 hours alone on the island.
Hannah Greenslade Y10 Coursework Assignment 2 5/11/01 Option 3 Task; You have been stranded on a desert island. Describe your first 24 hours alone on the island. The first thing that hit me was the smell. Even before I opened my eyes, I knew where I was. The tantalizing scent of washed-up waves and bananas all rolled into one. I felt the millions of grains of sand, hot against my fingers and the cool breeze against my face, - a relief from the sweltering sun. I heard the sea crawling onto the sand and, further away, the same monster dashing against the rocks. As I opened my mouth to take in a gulp of air, I tasted salt in my throat. Not the same taste as on Brighton Pier, when you look over into the sea, but a fresh, clean one, as if taking in pure oxygen. Only then, when my four other senses had taken in their share of my surroundings, did I allow myself to open my eyes. I was amazed at how easily fantasy and reality intertwined at that moment. It was like continuing a dream after waking up. As I lifted my eyelids, as the barrier between my imagination and actuality was removed, the accuracy of my prediction astounded me. As I sat up and looked around, I realized that I must have been asleep for a long time, as my sopping wet clothes were completely dry. I could just see the island on which I had been staying, a strip of land on the contrasting horizon. The rubber
The poet Robert Browning of 'Porphyria's Lover' and the writer of 'First Love', John Clare, both delve into the complexity of love in many ways, some similar and others contrasting.
Explore and explain the similarities and differences between the way each poet deals with the theme of love in 'Porphyria's Lover' and 'First Love'. How do you account for these differences? The poet Robert Browning of 'Porphyria's Lover' and the writer of 'First Love', John Clare, both delve into the complexity of love in many ways, some similar and others contrasting. The most apparent similarity is that both poems are written in the style of a monologue. Throughout these poems the reader is enlightened only to the man's perspective; therefore as a reader, we never encounter the woman's emotions and can only guess by analyzing the text of what these could be. Throughout the monologues both lovers' characteristics are revealed. In 'First Love' the reader encounters a man who is unthreatening and we experience the innocence of him falling in love for the first time. This contrasts with 'Porphyria's Lover' where the reader is subject to the mind of a lover who has a jealous and obsessive nature. The reader is immediately aware of this lover's obsessive character in the opening line. The poet Robert Browning uses the imagery of a storm to imitate the lover's emotions. The violence of the storm 'tore the elm tops down for spite', warns the reader that his emotions are indeed negative and volatile. The use of personification is present when describing the storm. This is shown
Consider the relationship between John Proctor and Abigail Williams and how Arthur Miller presents it to an audience.
Consider the relationship between John Proctor and Abigail Williams and how Arthur Miller presents it to an audience. Arthur Miller wrote the play "The Crucible" in 1953. He wrote the play as a response to his own experiences in the witch-hunt, which were concerned with anti-Capitalist Pro-Communist accusations. Miller himself was accused of anti-American activities. He wrote the play set in an area of Massachusetts called Salem in 1692 where some adolescent girls were dabbling in the supernatural and the jails were eventually filled with men and women accused of witchcraft and twenty people were hanged. The inhabitants of Salem were rigid in their interpretation of the Bible, believing in witches and the Devil. They believed also that the Bible instructed them that witches must be hanged. John Proctor is the central character in the play. He is the husband of a good Puritan woman, Elizabeth, and is the lover of a young girl in the town, Abigail. She was employed in John Proctor's household as a maid. When we first meet John Proctor, we are given a powerful description of him. He is described as a man in his mid-thirties, powerful of body and even tempered. We see John and Abigail in conversation together. John says, "What's this mischief here?" and Abigail replies, "Oh, she's gone silly somehow," talking of Mercy, another young girl of the town. Abigail tells
Animal Farm - Snowball's Diary
Animal Farm Snowball's Diary 8th March Old Major died in his sleep today. He had known that his time was near. He gathered us all into the barn only 3 days previously and spoke openly of the wisdom he had gained over the years and of the strange dream that he had. He spoke of how we are all comrades. He asked what kind of life do we have? 'Miserable, laborious and short.' We are given only so much to eat that will keep us breathing and give us the strength to carry out a days work and no more. We are pushed to the limits and when we are not capable of carrying out our duties we are slaughtered with hideous cruelty. Most animals do not know the meaning of happiness because they do not live beyond 1 year. The life of an animal is misery and slavery. Remove man from the scene and the root cause of hunger and overwork is abolished forever. Man is lord of all the animals, he makes them work, gives food enough to prevent us from starving and keeps the rest for himself. He is very selfish he is our enemy. He spoke of Rebellion and how we must fight when the time came for future generations to carry on the struggle until it is victorious. Little did we know the Rebellion was going to start so soon. 1th March Napoleon and I decided to hold meetings during the, week to discuss and prepare for the Rebellion if it was to happen. Today I was talking to my comrades about how we
writing exam french healthy lifestyle
À mon opinion je suis assez en bonne santé parce que j'ai tendance à manger correctement et je fais de l'exercice souvent. La santé est très importante, parce que vous devez manger équilibré et faire un de l'activité physique pour la forme et éviter l'obésité et les autres problèmes de santé. Pour garder ma bonne forme je fais du sport régulièrement et je manger équilibré. Au petit déjeuner normalement je mange du pain et je bois du thé au lait. Á midi, je ne mange pas rien parce que à 'la cantine c'est trop cher. En revanche normalement je mange un sandwich au fromage pour mon déjeuner quand je retourné à la maison. Je ne mange jamais de porc parce que c'est interdit aux musulmans. Hier, pour le dîner j'ai mangé de l'agneau avec des légumes et j'ai bu de l'eau. J'adore les légumes, surtout les haricots verts et les petit pois. Par contre, je déteste les choux de Bruxelles. Le goût ne me plait pas du tout. C'est beaucoup trop amer pour moi. Je n'aime pas le fast-food parce qu'il y a trop de graisse et de sucre dedans mais je mange quelque fois. J'ai des petites faiblesses, par exemple j'adore le chocolat, mais en général je n'ai pas des mauvaises habitudes. Pour rester en forme, il est bon de faire de l'exercice. Je marche aussi souvent que possible. Je fais aussi du sport tous les jours. J'ai pratiqué beaucoup d'activités différentes
The purpose of this experiment is to see what factors affect the period of one complete oscillation of a simple pendulum.
SCIENCE COURSEWORK PENDULUM EXPERIMENT Aim The purpose of this experiment is to see what factors affect the period of one complete oscillation of a simple pendulum. In this investigation I am going to discover and investigate the factors, which affect the time for one complete oscillation of a simple pendulum. It is important to understand what a pendulum is. A pendulum has a weight or mass fixed and left hanging of the string. An oscillation is one cycle of the pendulums motion e.g. from position a to b and back to a. I will time how long it takes for one oscillation of the pendulum. I am going to do a simple preliminary experiment to investigate which of the factors I test have an effect on the time for one complete oscillation. The factors basic variable factors I can test are: ? Length (the distance between the point of suspension and the mass) ? Mass (the weight in g of the item suspended from the fixed point) ? Swing size (the length I release the pendulum) *The point of equilibrium is the point at which kinetic energy (KE) is the only force making the mass move and not gravitational potential energy (GPE). I will test the extremes of these factors as I can assume that if they have any effect on the period of oscillation it will become obvious. To make sure my results are accurate enough to allow for any anomalies I will repeat the experiment 2 times for each
To what extent has New Labour abandoned traditional Labour values?
To what extent has New Labour abandoned traditional Labour values? After decades of consistent defeat, the Labour party sought the need for change in the early 1980s. Although Labour started to change under the leadership of Neil Kinnock in 1983, it wasn't until 1990 that Peter Mandelson, then the party's director of communications, was able to claim that "we have now effectively completed the building of the new model party". And it wasn't until 1994 when Tony Blair was chosen to lead the Labour party that the "New Labour" project was introduced. The introduction of New Labour was aimed at getting rid of the "party of the past" image that Labour had earned to itself and also to evolve into an electable party. For this to happen, radical policy changes needed to be made. In Blair's view, "Labour needed a quantum leap to become a serious party of government again". There were however, significant constraints on the way to achieving drastic changes. An attempt to modernise the Party was in need to change policies which were formulated based on values which the party was actually based and founded upon. The changes that were proposed by Tony Blair and those who shared his views were in clear contrast with the Socialist ideology on which the Labour Party had originated from. The proposed changes also sought to prevent the Trade Unions- another main source of the Party's
