REFLECTIVE ACCOUNT
Reflective account During the first term of my physiotherapy degree, I was sent out one day a week for 12 weeks on an observational placement in various departments. During one of my observational placements as a physiotherapy student, I was following a physiotherapist in a intensive care unit (ICU). The physiotherapist had a list of patients that she had to see and treat. The first patient we went to see was a patient who had been involved in a serious accident and who had severe brain damage. The physiotherapist at the time had told me before we went in to see the patient that the doctors had diagnosed him as being brain dead. The physiotherapist then told me that she did not agree with the diagnosis given. When we went in the patient was none responsive verbally. As the physiotherapist walked in she began talking to the patient. The patient did not respond to her. She then went on to talk about the treatment that she was about to do. When the physiotherapist was treating this patient she was talking to the patient even though the patient was not aware that the physiotherapist was there. The physiotherapist still had to ask the patient for consent when carrying out the treatment even though there was no verbal response from the patient. When the physiotherapist was passively stretching the patient's foot, she told the patient that I know you don't like it but we have to
What is perspective?
An evaluation and analysis will be conducted on the critical thinking case study, where an important concept, perspective, plays an important role in the decision making process. Details will be reviewed on how an individual's perspective has the ability to impact all the decisions that will be made. It will be analyzed from the point of view that one's expectation from or for another impacts and potentially translates how daily interaction with people is manifested. The critical question that must first be addressed and answered is: What is perspective? According to one scholar, "perspective in theory of cognition is the choice of a context or a reference (or the result of this choice) from which to sense, categorize, measure, or codify experience, typically for comparing with another" (Wikipedia, 2006). One may further recognize a number of subtly distinctive meanings, specifically the Weltanschauung paradigm. This school of thought describes "experiences, beliefs, and values that affect the way an individual perceives reality and responds to that perception" (Wikipedia, 2006). People in all industries and all walks of life operate from and through perspectives every minute and every hour of their lives. It is developed and nurtured over time based on everything that is known and experienced. For example one's ethnicity, culture, religion, and environment creates a certain
A competent communicator can be defined as one who is able to demonstrate the appropriate communicative behaviour in a given situation and at the same time having the motivation to demonstrate this competence
In order to be classified as a competent communicator in both one-on-one conversations and group interactions, certain skills are required by an individual. A competent communicator will understand the 'rules' associated with communication and will be able to display assertiveness, responsiveness and versatility. It is also important that a competent communicator understands that all these skills combined are important in maintaining relationships as well as effectively communicating with another individual or within a group. Communication is the transfer of meaningful information, which allows us to respond to the things occurring around us and in doing so, allows us to interact with one another. Communicating competently requires effective and socially appropriate communication (Trentholm & Jensen, 1992). A competent communicator can be defined as one who is able to demonstrate the appropriate communicative behaviour in a given situation and at the same time having the motivation to demonstrate this competence (Spitzberg, & Cupach,1984). In regards to interpersonal communication, there are three elements which will determine whether an individual is classified as a competent communicator. First, an individual must demonstrate assertiveness. This term is used to describe the speaking skill where an individual gives an honest and appropriate opinion on their own views, while
Urban problems
URBAN PROBLEMS - Pamphlet Towns grew rapidly from the beginning of the eighteenth century This created problems of: * Suburban growth * Appalling Slums * Pollution * Disease One of the most difficult problems was finding space for all the people who needed to live in the towns * No cheap public transport until mid-19th C. * Most had to be able to walk to work * In new industrial towns thousands of back to back houses were built close to coal mine or factory * Larger houses w/gardens built in suburbs for middle class - cheaper * They travelled to work by horse drawn buses or carriages * Too expensive for working class Cheap public transport began: * 1860's - horse drawn trams * 1862 - Opening of first London underground BY 1750 London had about 750,000 people living in it whilst most other towns had no more than 50,000 - huge problems for London * Most lived in squalid slums * Death rate high - 3/4 children died before age of 5 POLLUTION & DISEASE * Working class houses were built as cheaply and as close together as possible * Streets and houses filthy * Sewers running down middle of streets weren't wide enough to carry off refuge * Overflowed into streets * Those that were wide enough went straight into rivers * Rivers main source of drinking water * Unsurprising that Cholera spread so quickly * Middle class house may look cleaner, but sometimes
The Foot's Steps Through Time.
The Foot's Steps Through Time The body is an amazing machine. The hundreds of systems inside of us are constantly working together to manage the many things that we as humans do. However with out the ability to walk life would be very different, and feet are an immense help in doing this. The foot, along with the overall human body has changed a great deal through evolution to become what it is today. Millions of years ago, long before humans were around there were what many people believe to be our ancestors: Primates. These creatures essentially known as monkeys, began as just that and through millions of years are believed to have evolved into Autralopitecus afarensis whom over about 3 million years, evolved into human beings as we know them today. Research has shown that the bone structure of the Autralopithecus afarensis is very similar to that of humans today. "Some of the bones in the feet are slightly curved, and look like the bones you would expect to see in a human ancestral who climbed trees."i Through the years, the primate's body slowly evolved into human form in order to meet it's needs as the environment changed. Because of these changes in the body structure and of the environment there became new demands on the foot. Now that less time was spent climbing and instead walking face-paced on the ground became more prevalent the anatomy of the foot was
Explain mental health promotion.
Question: Explain Mental Health Promotion It is a well-known fact that the suicide rate amongst teenagers in Australia is one of the highest in the world and (1). Bearing this in mind it is imperative that we begin to recognize the contributing factors that lead to depression and suicide amongst our teenagers and develop a plan to reduce these statistics and their impact on our nation. There are many definitions of mental health promotion, essentially it is promoting mental well-being, by increasing public awareness and establishing programs to support individuals and communities. This advocacy is necessary to address the modifiable determinants of health, which include socio-economic background, home environment, education, employment, work conditions and accessibility of health. Traditionally mental health services were isolated from mainstream health services and society this created a stigma and resulted in this group being one of the most disadvantaged groups (2). The Victorian Mental Health Promotion Foundation has put together a mental health promotion framework whereby in consultation with over one hundred organizations from a variety of sectors have identified three factors that significantly influence mental health. These include: social connectedness, valuing diversity and economic participation. Mental Health Promotion Framework Determinants of
Why was reform of public health considered necessary in Britain in the 19 century? What reforms took place and what part did Edwin Chadwick play in achieving them?
Public Health in the 19th Century. Why was reform of public health considered necessary in Britain in the 19 century? What reforms took place and what part did Edwin Chadwick play in achieving them? A reform of Public health was extremely necessary, if not vital, due mainly to the fact that there were far too many people dying from lack of hygiene. During the first half of the nineteenth century, the living conditions of the working classes in Britain were utterly appalling. The main problem was sewage. The disposal of sewage and other waste had always been a huge problem amongst the urban population. Though people living in rural areas tended to bury their rubbish or dump it in isolated spots, in urbanised society piles of decaying waste could be seen regularly in the streets and courtyards of the poorer areas, with their row-upon-row of back-to-back dwellings. If not dumped in the streets, waste would be discarded into rivers or streams, from which, later, they would use the same water for drinking. The water problem was another serious obstacle during the first half of the nineteenth century, when many families were forced to share contaminated wells. If not, there would commonly be one river for a whole town, from which would be collected as drinking or bathing water, but which also served as a deposit bank for waste and garbage. The cholera epidemic of 1831 had
Presbyopia and Progressive Powered Lenses.
Reflection on the occupational dispense Visual defects are mostly caused by genetic factors or age-related diseases. There are three focusing states of the eye: emmetropia, hypermetropia and myopia. Also, presbyopia is a state of the eye that occurs when the eye is loosing the ability to focus on close up objects and it occurs on people after the age of 40 years due to the gradual and progressive age - related loss of accommodation. Referring to presbyopia, according to A Glasser (2010), presbyopia is the gradual and progressive age-related loss of accommodative amplitude. The progressive loss of accommodation begins early in life and culminates in a complete loss of accommodation by about 55 years of age. The exact mechanism of presbyopia are not known with certainty; the research evidence most strongly supports a loss of elasticity of the crystalline lens, although changes in the lens's curvature from continual growth and loss of power of the muscles that bend and straighten the crystalline lens (known as the ciliary muscles) have also been postulated as its cause. To help them correct their vision they can be advised to have Progressive Powered Lenses. A Progressive Powered Lens is, According to British Standard Institute (2003), " a special type of multifocal lens designed to provide correction for more than one viewing range and in which the power changes
Challenges: Discuss how your national policies relate to principles of health promotion and critically review the opportunities your country has, in your opinion, to deal with the urgent health problems.
Challenges: Discuss how your national policies relate to principles of health promotion and critically review the opportunities your country has, in your opinion, to deal with the urgent health problems. In the United Kingdom today, many health promotion units have been incorporated into Health Improvement Directorates, within Primary Care Trusts. These are in the main led by Directors of Public Health. In some cases, this has created a tension, particularly where health promotion specialists perceive public health as having a medical agenda which is far removed from community action. Health promotion work is increasingly project based and receives short-term funding which is often conditional on demonstrating partnership working and requires rigorous monitoring and evaluation. There is an opportunity to integrate the work of health promotion and public health specialists in to the core work of the Primary Care Trusts. However, as history has shown, this depends to a great extent on national political will and policy. The European Union will play an increasingly important role in this area and has recently produced a programme for community action in the field of public health 2003-2008 (2002). Health promotion is a creative and cost-effective way of fostering environments supportive of health and of improving health and quality of life.i Challenges to public health and
The use of the foot orthoses in the treatment of paediatric flat foot: an evidence based overview
Clinical Review The use of the foot orthoses in the treatment of paediatric flat foot: an evidence based overview Introduction Flatfoot in the paediatric population is a common concern and is presented regularly in paediatric health-care settings. (1) Despite this, there is no universally excepted definition for this condition, although consistent attributes include a valgus heel and a flattened medial longitudinal arch. (2) Other names frequently used include pes planus, (1) hypermobile flatfoot, (3,4) and pronated foot. (10) The lack of a standard definition of this condition, a wide spectrum of severity and the many different etiologies for flatfoot make it difficult to differentiate normal from pathologic foot thus to compare the results of treatment. (5) A range of conservative interventions have been reported in the literature from advice to foot orthoses, stretching exercises, footwear selection and modifications, serial casting and appropriate weight reductions. (1) This clinical review however, will focus on the use of foot orthoses as it is very frequently prescribed and there is much controversy surrounding its use. There is a common agreeance between clinicians that symptomatic children should be treated to reduce pain and prevent further deformity. (2,4,6,7,) The controversy relates to those that are asymptomatic and they consist of a larger proportion of the
