Orthotic management of common forefoot deformities: a clinical practice guideline for hallux valgus.
Orthotic management of common forefoot deformities: a clinical practice guideline for hallux valgus. Introduction Foot problems have been known since early mankind (1) and shoes have been a part of human attire from early civilization. (2,3) Throughout the centuries, fashion has played an important role in the success of certain styles from being soft to hard, rigid high-fashion footwear. (2) These footwear constrict the width of the foot especially in the forefoot compressing the toes. Improper footwear can frequently lead to deformities of the forefoot including hallux valgus, bunionettes, and hammer toes. (2) This review will be looking at literature related to orthotic management for deformities of the forefoot. Since there are a large number of deformities of the forefoot including the toes, and research is scarce, this review will include some of the most common such as hallux valgus, Morton's neuroma and metatarsalgia. Methods The literature was reviewed to identify studies that investigated the use of foot orthoses as part of conservative treatment of forefoot deformities. The focus of this review was on randomized controlled trials as they have a strong level of evidence. Forefoot deformities including hallux valgus, Morton's neuroma and metatarsalgia will be included with a focus on hallux valgus as it is one of the most common and has been researched the most.
Arguments For and Against The State Provision of Welfare
Arguments For and Against The State Provision of Welfare For this assignment I have been asked to choose two of the five conventional social policy areas and provide a brief description of the current UK government service provisions in these two areas. Then to identify what I would consider being the main justification for and against retaining the services I have described. I have chosen the following social policy areas to study: * Health * Social Services Health The National Health Service (NHS) came into operation in July 1948. It was a fully comprehensive system, which covered all forms of medical treatment. No one was charged directly for any of its services, including prescription, and no one was forced to use it. Patients could still pay for private treatment and doctors could practice in both areas. All hospitals, a part form teaching hospitals, were brought under Government control. Health care in the UK provides: * Primary Care * Secondary Care, and * Tertiary Care. Primary Care Services With the development of Primary Care Groups (PCGs) it is hoped that General Practitioners (GPs) will be able to identify needs in the local area and develop services that are required. The Primary Care Team includes the GPs, Health Visitors, Practice Nurse, Community Psychiatric nurse (CPN) and District nurses. Because the PCG Board includes representatives from the
Cheneys day centre is run by Scope, making it a voluntary service. Cheneys is registered as an approved provider and is open Monday to Friday, 9:00 to 5:00. It is an approved provider as they are able to demonstrate that they are providing
POSITIVE CARE ENVIRONMENTS Introduction Cheneys day centre is run by Scope, making it a voluntary service. Cheneys is registered as an approved provider and is open Monday to Friday, 9:00 to 5:00. It is an approved provider as they are able to demonstrate that they are providing a competent service, have adequate financial arrangements, provide regular staff training, have insurance, exercise health and safety and equal opportunity rights. The day service is for adults aged eighteen years and over but most of them are in their twenties and thirties. The eldest member of the day centre is seventy-two years of age and has cerebral palsy. Most of the clients have Cerebral Palsy. All the service users either have physical or sensory impairments and learning difficulties. All have severe difficulties and therefore need a high level of support. Most of the service users need help eating and some use alternative methods of feeding like Enteral feeding where a tube is used for the delivery of nutrients to the stomach. Many of the service users use Bolus feeding where food is administered directly into the feeding tube via a syringe. Tube feeding benefits the user by improving growth and nutritional status and frequently by improving their primary condition. Cheneys organises day to day activities which allows the clients to feel apart of the community and also to get
'Lay perceptions of health are rooted in the social experience of people' (Marks et al, 2005, p78). To what extent is this statement supported by the research evidence?
'Lay perceptions of health are rooted in the social experience of people' (Marks et al, 2005, p78). To what extent is this statement supported by the research evidence? Before I begin introducing the research evidence investigating the claim that 'lay perceptions of health are rooted in the social experience of people' (Marks, 2005) I feel its necessary to first breakdown this statement into smaller sections and discuss the parts briefly so as to get a better understanding of the paragraphs to follow. I will therefore firstly discuss what is meant by the term 'lay' or as Kleinman (1980) calls it 'the popular sector' in his conceptual model of the health belief system. Secondly, for the purpose of the paper, I shall make the brief distinction between a social context and a cultural context so as to appreciate the related significance of the evidence. And then lastly I shall introduce the research evidence supporting the extent to which lay perceptions of health are rooted in the social experience of people by considering evidence in respect to various social contexts. This will then follow with a final section summarising the proposed evidence, finishing with a brief discussion on how lay health beliefs are fundamentally problematic. Research on lay health beliefs essentially seeks to determine how people think and define health in different cultures and social
For some individuals bipolar affective disorder can place a huge strain on relationships, partner need to be included into the education progress, as this will help them cope and understand. Interpersonal relationships
Are Their Impacts on Self-Care, Relationships, and Social and Working Life? For some individuals bipolar affective disorder can place a huge strain on relationships, partner need to be included into the education progress, as this will help them cope and understand. Interpersonal relationships with friends and work colleagues may be put under pressure, it is encourages for carers to prevent contact with people who may not cope or understand with this disorder, thus putting less strain on the relationships with others. Other problems include unprotected sex during a manic episode; this is due to loss of judgement that occurs. It is important for individuals to gain sex education to reduce the possibility of STD's. Impacts from Depression Some sufferers may loose weight due to depression, means their clothes look ill fitting, this added to the lack of effort in grooming means a very unkempt person! They may not wash, tidy their hair, wear clean clothes or clean their hands/nails. People suffering from depression move very slow and tend to hunch their shoulders and give little eye contact. They may also talk in low tones or in a depressed monotone. These impacts on self-care also impact on relationships because where people are concerned and helpful suffers feel that people are a nuisance and interfering. Sever depression may lead to feelings that the world is hopeless and
Balanced Scorecard as a Performance Measurement Tool in Hospitals.
Balanced Scorecard as a Performance Measurement Tool in Hospitals The Balanced Scorecard (BSc) is a corporate strategic control tool that has been developed by Robert S. KAPLAN et David P. NORTON in the early nineties. It is based on measures of performance used by various multinationals. This tool underlines the key factors for success of an organisation based on "perspectives". For each perspective ,key factors for success are identified and followed up through the regular measurement of indicators. The BSc was initially developed for commercial companies and proposed four perspectives: financial perspective, customers'perspective, internal business perspective, innovation and learning perspective. The definition of these four perspectives and the identification of the key factors result from the following logical process: to reach the shareholders'financial objectives, it is imperative to consolidate one's position on the market while meeting the customers' needs, which requires the definition and the development of efficient internal processes. To guarantee the viability of the company beyond the short-term period, it is important for the company's intangible assets (competence, degree of innovation, flexibility) to be maintained and developed.It is therefore indispensable to take steps to guarantee innovation and learning. We have applied the above explained concept
Why Do Inequalities In Health Exist and Persist Despite Living In One of the Richest Countries In the World?
WHY DO INEQUALITIES IN HEALTH EXIST AND PERSIST DESPITE LIVING IN ONE OF THE RICHEST COUNTRIES IN THE WORLD? This essay begins by examining the problems involved in forming inequalities in health and the main causes of these problems and why these problems exist. Various explanations for the apparent link between class and health are discussed. I will focus on 'social selection', on cultural and behavioural differences between classes, on material and structural inequalities and I will examine why these problems still persist. Theorists and social scientists have proved that poor health is related to social class and obvious ill health inequalities are found between the different classes, with the poor suffering most. Poverty and health are definitely linked and not only are the 'poor more likely to suffer from ill health and premature death, but poor health and disability are themselves recognised as causes of poverty' (Blackburn 1991, p7). There is an increased risk of belonging to one class rather than another and some of the reasons are due to ill health caused by stress. Access to healthcare is another contributing factor which could be linked with government policy as appointments are more scarce in some areas that in others. The poorer social classes are ill a lot more than their rich counterparts and use the health services more often. People in different social
Research and Enquiry (BN) "Applying Research to Interoperative Care"
University of Portsmouth Portsmouth Institute of Medicine, Health & Social Care Diploma in Higher Education Operating Department Practice / Registered ODP 2001 - 2003 Unit: Research and Enquiry (BN) Title: Applying Research to Interoperative Care Diploma in Higher Education Operating Department Practice/RODP UNIT NO: RE-BN NAME: Research and Enquiry (BN) TITLE OF ASSIGNMENT: Applying Research to Interoperative Care YEAR: Year 2 DATE: 30 May 2003 I affirm that this Assignment together with any supporting artefact is offered for assessment as my original and unaided work, except in so far as any advice and/or assistance from any other named person in preparing it, and any quotation used from written sources are duly and appropriately acknowledged. Signature of course member:.................................................. Date:.......................................... Contents Introduction.................................................................................Page 1 What is Evidence Based Practice........................................................Page 2 What is Clinical Governance.............................................................Page 2 Applying Research to Interoperative Care..............................................Page 4 Conclusion.................................................................................Page 11
End of Life Care, Ready or Not??
End of Life Care, Ready or Not?? We live in a society that fears death. More than 2.4 million deaths are recorded in the United States and about 80% of theses deaths occur in hospitals (Beckstrand 40). Yet, this is something that individuals do not talk about. Married couples might spend fifty to sixty years together but never discuss what their wishes are at end of life. There is a growing need for advanced directives in our society. This gives an individual the opportunity to express his or her wishes prior to a healthcare crisis. Families are given the chance to hear from their loved ones what their wishes are and often times feel empowered to carry out these wishes. Public Television recently presented a one hour emotionally charged program titled "Whose death is it anyway?" It was facilitated by Dr. Nancy Snyderman and actual case presentations were discussed. It was presented in an attempt to raise public awareness about end of life care and the importance of advance directives. It emphasized the importance of individuals taking some control in the way they die. Two thirds of the population chooses to die at home yet most die in hospitals. If individuals clearly express their wishes then families can attempt to carry them out. If a patient desires to die at home there are experienced medical teams that can provide care in the home and support families in
Mental Health and Helping Skills.
BSc (Hons) Community Health Care NURSING (Health Visiting) Mental Health and Helping Skills Claire Margaret Ramsden Submission Date - 6th June 2002 Word Count - 2,989 Contents Page . Introduction ...................................................... 1 2. The development of a helping relationship .......... 2 2.1 The Ante-Natal Visit ............................................... 2 2.2 The Birth Visit ........................................................ 4 2.3 The Second Post-Natal Home Visit ........................... 5 2.4 The Third Post-Natal Home Visit .............................. 6 2.5 Developing the Care Plan ........................................ 8 2.6 The First Listening Visit .......................................... 10 2.7 Continuing Care ..................................................... 11 3. Conclusion ......................................................... 13 4. Appendices Appendix 1 - The EPDS explained ............................ 15 Appendix 2 - Edinburgh Post-natal Depression Scale (EPDS) 16 Appendix 3 - EPDS - Scoring ................................... 17 Appendix 4 - The Stages of Change Model .................. 19 Appendix 5 - EPDS - 19/02/2002 ............................. 20 Appendix 6 - EPDS - 25/02/2002 ............................. 21 Appendix 7 -
