Drought conditions, low and high temperatures, increased salt levels, pathogens and insects are common environmental stresses which plants are exposed to. Over time, plants have evolved unique mechanisms to respond to the stresses
Drought conditions, low and high temperatures, increased salt levels, pathogens and insects are common environmental stresses which plants are exposed to. Over time, plants have evolved unique mechanisms to respond to the stresses imposed in them. In response to pathogen infection, plants have two types of defence; constitutive and induced responses. Constitutive defences are those which are passive and always present in the plant. These defences are those such as the cuticle which is composed of waxes, cutin and pectin and the cell wall, composed of cellulose, pectin and lignin, both of which act as structural barriers against pathogens. There are preformed pathogen inhibitors such as saponins which disrupts pathogen cell membranes. For example, ?-tomatine in tomatoes acts against many fungal species. Other preformed inhibitors include alkaloids, phenols and tannins. Defence proteins are also present; lectins bind sugar groups such as chitin, which in fungal species binds to chitin in fungal walls and slows sungal growth. RIPs or ribosome inactivating proteins disrups viral replication by deactivating the plants ribosomes, therefore preventing cell replication and therefore also the viral pathogens replication. Hydrolases are present which break down the components of the pathogens and enzyme inhibitors inhibit enzymes which are used by the pathogen in the infection
Since all sorts of gender inequality continues to exist today, and some of the people and institutions that perpetuate the inequality appear unwilling to change, the contemporary family structure could be the starting point to remedy gender inequality in
Obtaining gender equality has been a constant struggle in the United States. Society in America naturally treats men and women differently, with no regard to equity. Consequently, gender inequality is repeatedly taken for granted, whether in the workforce or in the home. It is considered not only an expected social response, but one that is a basic component of social relations. The contemporary family structure is the most fundamental arena where gender inequality and equality are produced and reproduced. It is a central place where children are first taught gender roles and where influential associations built around gender are introduced. Since all sorts of gender inequality continues to exist today, and some of the people and institutions that perpetuate the inequality appear unwilling to change, the contemporary family structure could be the starting point to remedy gender inequality in the United States today, yet this does not occur. Thus, family structure is primarily constrained today by the continuation of gender inequality in society. Gender inequality may well be one of the greatest puzzles of modern society in the United States. We know that males and females are biologically different from the moment of conception and that these differences determine an individual's sex. Individuals' chromosomal and hormonal differences are what physically construct the male and
Does divorce have a huge impact on children?
Does divorce have a huge impact on children? Shirley C. 5380134 Does divorce have a huge impact on children? Put yourself in the shoes of a child that is encountering the separation of their parents. As a child they have to go through the pressure of which parent to choose and confusion of why their parents are not together anymore. Later on the stress can eventually lead them to put all the blame on themselves. Many think the husband and wife are the people being affected by this situation. But what we do not expect is that the children will consequently get affected by the separation of their parents. Most people might believe it is better to divorce than to torture oneself in a failed marriage. Divorce can be a healthy decision for a fail marriage; however this will remain as a traumatic memory for the children. I agree the children do get a huge impact from the divorce. This essay will provide information of how the children can be affected and how the problem can be accessed. Before entering how this issue stress outs the children, the brighter side should be brought out. Divorce is not always necessarily bad. Imagine a family with parents that argue all the time or a family with abusive problem, the result of divorce can be a relief for the children. Hetherington stated if the family is already in a critical condition, it would be a better solution for
Assessment & Treatment Plan Paper. Hadley, age 21, was referred to me through her mothers primary care physician
Social Work 3930 Assessment & Treatment Plan Paper Hadley, age 21, was referred to me through her mother's primary care physician, after her mother expressed her worries for Hadley's health. She is a student at New York University, studying medicine and did well her first semester, but soon had to leave her dorm and return home because her grades were slipping. She now lives at home in Manhattan with her parents and her younger sister. She would like to work for an organization like UNICEF when she graduates, but her parents and other members of her family make that seem unlikely. They tell her that they would love to see her accomplish that goal, but that she needs to be realistic. Hadley was raised in the Roman Catholic Church, but has not been active in quite a while. The client is healthy and has never had any serious illnesses, apart from pneumonia last fall. She is a non- smoker and rarely drinks. She has a good relationship with her family, especially her two sisters. Hadley worked throughout high school and through the first two years of college. She is currently working as a retail assistant, but is trying to decide if it is conflicting with her education. She likes her job most of the time, especially because it gives her some sort of social involvement with people her own age. However, if she decides to quit her job, she thinks she will feel guilty
Properties of Hydrocarbon
Title: Properties of Hydrocarbons Introduction: Hydrocarbons are organic compounds that contain only hydrogen and carbon. The simplest form of hydrocarbon is the methane, which have the structure of CH4. The hydrocarbons can be divided into two groups that are saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbon. The saturated hydrocarbons are the compounds in which all the bonds of the carbon contain single bond and all the carbons are filled with 4 bonds that are attached to other atoms. The single bond consists of a sigma bond. The saturated hydrocarbon is also known as alkane, which belongs to a homologous series of organic compounds in which the members differ by a constant relative molecular mass of 14. The chemical formula is Cn-H (2n+2), where n is the total number of carbons. The compound is said to be saturated when they follow Cn-H (2n+2), which is to say there are no double bonds. Unsaturated hydrocarbon, unlike saturated hydrocarbons, contain one or more carbon-carbon multiple bonds such as double bonds, triple bonds, or both. Instead of C – C, it contains C = C or C = C. These compounds rose due to the loss of two hydrogens because the carbons can only have four total bonds to it. Unsaturated carbons are also called alkenes or olefins with a general formula of Cn-H2n. In contrast to alkane, the bond consists of one sigma and one pi bond. Hydrocarbon can also be
In critiquing the educational leaflet based on case study A 14 year old female experiencing juvenile chronic arthritis, there are a range of strengths and limitations that will be discussed.
Write an essay of 800 words (+/- 10%) in which you discuss the strengths and limitations of the educational leaflet that you developed within a small group during seminars. You should cite approximately 4-6 academic references in support of your arguments. You need to consider how well the leaflet might assist your chosen client, how well it presents evidence-based information, and how successfully it communicates information to the client. Include references to your case study client, as well as using published literature to support your arguments. Submit the leaflet or information sheet that your group developed as an Appendix. You should focus on the leaflet itself, and not group decisions or dynamics that influenced its developments. Juvenile chronic arthritis refers to any form of arthritis that develops in children or teenagers who are under 18 years old. Arthritis is inflammation of the joints; it refers to a group of diseases that cause pain, swelling, stiffness and loss of motion on the joints. Most individuals with arthritis will experience pain and difficulty moving around. They may feel a level of discomfort and fatigue which leads to them feeling frustrated that they are unable to carry out daily tasks due to loss of strength and grip (Arthritis care, 2011). In critiquing the educational leaflet based on case study A – 14 year old female experiencing
Social Work Values. Values and ethics have been of fundamental importance throughout the development of the social work profession.
“Values are central to being human: nothing we do is unconnected with values. If we want to understand, and be able to work with people, then we need to have an understanding of the complexities of values in people’s lives. Any attempt to understand people that does not consider the values dimension is doomed to failure as values are so central to everything we do, both as individuals and professional social workers.” Adapted from: Moss, B. & Thompson, N. (2008) Meaning and Values: developing empowering practice. Russell House Publishing The above statement is essentially saying that an individual’s set of values play an imperative part in every decision, action or behaviour in their everyday lives. A person’s value system can be made up of personal, ethical, cultural or political vales. Along with their own personal values, social workers must also adhere to a strict set of professional values outlined by the General Social Care Council’s (GSCC) codes of conduct. It can be difficult for a practitioner to find a balance between these often conflicting and opposing value systems. Values and ethics have been of fundamental importance throughout the development of the social work profession. Founded in 1869, the Charity Organisation Society is often identified as the roots of modern social work. (Smith, 2002) It was set up in response to the belief that
THE HEALTHY SCHOOLS INITIATIVE AND SCHOOL MEALS REVOLUTION Have school meals changed for the better, and are children aware of the importance of healthy eating as a vital part of daily life?
Student U0939171 ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ MODULE ED3000 ________________ ________________ Independent Research Project ________________ ________________ THE HEALTHY SCHOOLS INITIATIVE AND SCHOOL MEALS REVOLUTION ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ Have school meals changed for the better, and are children aware of the importance of healthy eating as a vital part of daily life? ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ By ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ STUDENT : U0939171 ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the BA (Hons) Early Childhood Studies ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ Cass School of Education ________________ ________________ University of East London ________________ ________________ April 2012 ________________ CONTENTS Abstract Page 4 SECTION 1 Introduction
El impacto de la guerra civil espaola en las mujeres de Espaa y visa versa
Brittany Rutledge Profesora Monsterrat Resumen Final 30 de abril de 2012 El impacto de la guerra civil española en las mujeres de España y visa versa La guerra civil española fue una guerra en España que ocurrió entre los años 1936 y 1939. Esta lucha fue entre la izquierda y la derecha del país. El autor del libro La guerra civil española, Pierra Vilar, presenta la guerra civil española como una enfermedad. Él describe que la guerra fue el resultado de un choque entre la izquierda y la derecha. Él habla de los problemas de centralismo y autoritarismo. Este libro ilustra las causas de la guerra civil española. Mujeres fueron una parte muy profunda de la guerra civil española. Antes de la guerra civil española, las mujeres en la sociedad española tienen un rol muy tradicional. Ellas fueron subordinadas y domesticadas. El autor del articulo Women and Images of Women in the Spanish Civil War, Frances Lannon, habla de las imágenes de la mujer durante la guerra civil española. Este artículo describe las normas sociales aceptables de la mujer antes de la guerra civil española, y las cambias de las normas durante la guerra, y las normas sociales que las mujeres quieren obtener. Durante la guerra, hay un gran aumento de la importancia de la mujer. La mujer se incorporó a la fuerza de trabajo y a la guerra también. Los roles de la mujer cambian
One of the most controversial issues of British Economic History is the living standards during the industrial revolution. ''Pessimists'' against ''optimists'' oppose their ideas about whether the standards of living during the industrial revolution impro
British Economic History Supervision 4 Supervisor:Dr. D. M. Fowler by:Lambros Diamandopoulos ''Qualitative aspects of living standards, such as the disamenities of urban living, have become the decisive factors in evaluating whether the English working classes benefited from Industrial Revolution''. Introduction One of the most controversial issues of British Economic History is the living standards during the industrial revolution. ''Pessimists'' against ''optimists'' oppose their ideas about whether the standards of live during the industrial revolution improved,deteriorated or remained stable. On the one hand,optimists like Jeffrey G.Williamson, held the view that although some workers suffered from harsh working conditions and were working more days,the increase in real wages could offset these disamenities and as a whole,the majority of people lived from 1760 to 1850 benefited from the industrial revolution in terms of standards of life. On the other hand,pessimists like Charles H. Feinstein argued that the living standards of life deteriorated for the working class in early industrialisation. The main difference in the perception of judging the living standards between optimists and pessimists is the distinction between the importance of qualitative and quantitative factors that influenced the lives of workers during industrialisation. On the ''quantitative
