Drug Abuse
A drug is “a chemical substance used in the treatment, cure, prevention, or diagnosis of disease or used to otherwise enhance physical or mental well-being” (Dictionary 1). Even though most teens are using drugs as an enhancement, drug abuse for teens is a world wide spread problem. Drug abuse is especially bad in the United States. In a survey, the website teenhelp.com reported that 34.3 percent of high school seniors used marijuana in the last year. Marijuana is the most used drug of teens but over the past 12 months 5.3 percent of high school seniors has used cocaine and 10 percent used stimulants and 4.2 percent used inhalants. Causes of drug abuse have had efforts to solve but they do not work. If drug abuse is still present, the consequences can get worse. There are many causes to drug abuse. The number on reason why students do drugs is because they are stressed and want an escape from reality. “An accompanying study showed that parents severely underestimate the amount of stress their teen is under and the impact it has on their life” (“Top 10 Reasons of Drug Abuse”). Parents do not know what teens go through so if they are not watching them they can form bad habits such as drug abuse. Another major reason why teens use drugs is because of peer pressure or social acceptance. “If your teen’s friends think it’s cool to se drugs or alcohol, or if your
Effective Communication
Evaluation Immunisation Immunity is given to children to protect them from developing disease. However this protection is artificial immunity to stop and prevent damages by organisms or toxins. For example many children may become infected with bacteria or viruses which eventually lead to serious illnesses, however some of these organisms may also produce toxins which may result in serious damage, but the natural immunity in the child may not have the ability to fight these foreign invaders because it is not strong enough. However when a child is immunized the body then develops resistance against further infections. Why do we immunize? Many years ago in the 1900's when there was no such thing as Immunisation many children suffered and died from many diseases, such as Pertussis which is also known as the whooping coughs. Other examples are diphtheria and tetanus; these were the main cause of child deaths known at the time. Whereas Immunisation takes care of that and offers vaccination targeted at specific illness and diseases which may eventually lead to death. However today looking the previous statistics of these deaths you may see there is a huge difference due to Immunisation. However we can see that just by looking at the graph below, it clearly states that there had been more death before vaccination was introduced in 1957 where as
Effective communication
This booklet is to educate and guide care workers on how to promote effective communication. In health and social care not only do care workers have to communicate with their clients but they also have to be able to communicate effectively with other care workers or colleagues What is the nature of effective communication? Effective Communication is a way of interaction or understanding between two people, it is also a way of giving and receiving information or message and expressing our thoughts (Hickman 2006). Communication is sending and receiving messages, through verbal, non-verbal, formal and informal. In a health and social care setting communication is very essential because the way people send a message can affect the receiver. "Communication is seen as the successful transmission of information through a common system of symbols, signs, behaviour, speech, writing, or signals. Doe.mass.edu (2001) Care practitioners need to have good communication skills as it enables them to develop appropriate relationships with different service users. In an Early years centre, as a nursery nurse different communication skills are needed to be used when communicating with the children, their parents and other workers. When working in different sectors you have to use good listening skills and you have to be able to use open and closed questions when needed. You also have
The effects of smoking
The effects of smoking on the body Almost one third of the World's population are smokers for one reason or another, appearance, reduce stress etc. However, I, and many others, find it very difficult to believe smoking can aid anyone's appearance as it encourages early ageing, and I do not believe that any of the risks that smoking has is worth any amount of stress relief that it can provide. Cigarette smoking can have serious health effects on the human body. Smoking causes a variety of life threatening diseases. This is because they contain more than 4,000 chemicals (www.click2quit.co.uk), including 43 of which cause cancer (www.betterhealthchannel.com.au). Nicotine is a substance in cigarettes which although does not cause cancer itself, it is a highly addictive drug that is toxic and potentially lethal (www.click2quit.co.uk). Apart from its use in tobacco products, nicotine is a scheduled poison. Tobacco smoke contains many dangerous chemicals, the most damaging of which are; tar, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrogen cyanide, ammonia, metals and radioactive compounds. These all contribute in seriously harming the body's health through a variety of diseases. Smoking is shown to have harmful effects on most if not all areas of the body. The circulatory system can suffer from raised blood pressure, thrombosis, atherosclerosis and increased risk of stroke and heart
Job Roles
Key Stage 1 Primary school Teacher The role of a Primary School Teacher Primary School Teachers are the key element of a Childs learning. Primary school teachers who work within key stage 1 work with children aged between five and seven. Primary school teachers prepare lessons for the young children by planning schemes of work and lessons which meet the curriculum objective. There are many personal requirements which are necessary to be a Primary School teacher being a good and effective communicator Primary School Teachers must be able to deal with differing capability of children as many and they must be prepared to work out of School hours. Primary School Teachers also have other job roles such as monitoring children's progress and preparing them for the assessments, such as the SATs. Primary school teachers may find their job challenging as they need to supervise the children as well creating a positive environment for the pupils whilst trying to teach them too. Other roles include develop children's abilities and interests whilst motivating them using imaginative presentations and creative lessons. Primary School Teachers also have to attend meetings with other members of staff where they discuss wider school issues. They also need to hold parents evenings where thy can tell the parents how the children are doing and what needs to be done at home which could
Learning Styles
Introduction There are many theorists who have tried to find the most effective learning styles. To find an effective learning style, many variables participate in the reception of learning. These variables can be the opportunity for learning, support available for learning, time management, the environment for a student, their personal learning style, motivation, and a student's emotions. Two theorists who have taken some of these variables into consideration to create an effective learning style are David Kolb and Howard Gardner. David Kolb created Kolb's learning cycle in 1984 and Howard Gardner created Gardner's multiple intelligences theory in 1983. Influences for Learning Opportunities for learning can be affected by social class and the environment of a pupil. A pupil can affect their opportunity of learning in by domino effect. Not being able to get a good quality primary education can affect being able to carry on with a secondary or further education. Social class also is a huge variable to opportunities for learning. Upper class pupils may have "strings" they can use to further high quality education. People in the lower class of society may not have an advantage and will not be able to get a high quality education. Money follows in the social class as a variable because great valued opportunities for learning may come with a price. Support for learning
lifespan development
There are many factors, which affect the way in which we develop. These can include genetic information or what's happening in the environment around us. Many people have different ideas, on the idea of personal development, in relation to the nature, nurture debate. Major events in our lives can affect us in many ways without realising it. I am going to explain and discuss how life factors and events may influence the development of an individual. P4-There is many influences upon the development of an individual there are three main areas to consider they are genetic factors, environmental factors and socio economic factors. Firstly the environmental factors can include things such as pollution in the air around us, access to certain facilities such as the health service, or leisure facilities, the town that we live in is important and even the school we attend. Children who live in deprived or disadvantaged circumstances may have their development affected; this could be things such as poor home situation, if our r home is unsafe or is cold and damp it is likely to affected our development. Parents who smoke cigarettes who cause there children to passive smoke, or even smoking in the environment whilst having there children tend to have smaller than average children which will have already affected there development through smoking. They tend to do less well in school to.
M1 - explain how the communication cycle may be used to communicate difficult, complex and sensitive issues
In this assignment I am going to explain how the communication cycle may be used to communicate difficult, complex and sensitive issues. In my first scenario I am going to explain how a nurse will tell a wife that her husband is terminally ill and may die. . Ideas occur - the nurse will think up a rough idea of what she is going to communicate to the wife and that she is going to be the one to tell her. The nurse thinks: what am I going to communicate? (I.e. the husband is terminally ill), why do I want to communicate this? (I.e. the wife needs to be notified that her husband lying in the hospital bed may die), who am I going to communicate with? (I.e. the wife of the husband), and what is the best way to communicate this? (I.e. verbal). The nurse also has to take into consideration the timing such as; when and where she needs to communicate with the wife about her husband's condition. This promotes effective communication. 2. Message coded - the nurse has organised her thoughts/ideas and knows exactly what she is going to communicate to the wife. The nurse needs to think about what tone of voice she should use because if she shouts at the wife then the wife may feel like the nurse isn't bothered about her husband (I.e. soft, comforting), body language (I.e. open, arms slightly folded, leaning forward) so that the nurse is showing that she cares. The nurse thinks: what
The Costs of Cigarette Smoking.
THE COSTS OF CIGARETTE SMOKING. BY SUKAINA BANDALI. Cigarette smoking causes a variety of life threatening diseases, including lung cancer, emphysema, and heart disease. In the UK about 120,000 people die each year due to smoking. A half of all smokers die from smoking related diseases.0 There are many ingredients in tobacco smoke which are harmful to our health in different ways.1 Some of the ingredients are tar, carbon monoxide, nicotine and other chemicals and additives such as ammonia, arsenic (a poison used in insecticides and weed killers), benzene, hydrogen cyanide and many other.2 Tar deposits on the lungs can cause lung diseases. Carbon monoxide and other chemicals reduces the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood and plays a significant role in the development of smoking-related heart disease and damaged various parts of the body such as blood vessels.3* Nicotine causes blood vessels to constrict, raises blood pressure, increases heart rate and increases the hearts demand for oxygen and it stimulates then nervous system.4 This is the ingredient that leads people to become addicted to smoking.5 Smoking has harmful effects on all parts of our body. Smoking during pregnancy reduces the amount of oxygen that crosses the placenta to the baby and it also leads to an increased risk of miscarriages, premature births and sudden infant death syndromes (cot deaths).6
Mental Health
'Mistreatment and oppression is the common lot of people in our societies who are labelled as having emotional problems or acting irrationally. The threat of being called crazy is used in the oppression of every group in the population. The oppression of some people in the name of mental health functions as a threat to keep all people in line.' The above quote suggests that the experience of being diagnosed or labelled as having mental health problems, whether officially by professionals, or unofficially by lay people, family members and others with whom we have contact, is not only used as a means to explain a persons difficulties, but also as a means of control. In this instance that control is achieved through the widespread use of fear. That fear is founded on the stigma and discrimination that people with mental health problems experience on a daily basis and only works as a means of control if everyone in society is aware of the prejudicial treatment with which they themselves treat other people. This work will examine the control of persons labelled as 'crazy', historically, politically and socially. It will raise questions concerning definitions of mental health and ask whether such labels are being applied to people whose behaviour does not fit with the hegemonic standards of morality that exist in society at a particular point in time. We will also be
