Legislations and regulations in sport
Legislations and regulations in sport Over the past 30 years the sport industry has been increasingly effected by legislations and regulations to protect and ensure the safety of people involved in sport. These regulations apply to people in sport places and sports grounds. The regulations are not only in place to protect sportsmen but to also ensure the safety and equality of staff, spectators or anyone else involved in sports places. The Health & Safety At Work Act 1974. The law imposes a responsibility on the employer to ensure safety at work for all their employees. Much of the law regarding safety in the work place can be found in the Health & Safety At Work Act 1974. Employers have to take reasonable steps to ensure the health, safety and welfare of their employees at work. Failure to do so could result in a criminal prosecution in the Magistrates Court or a Crown Court. Failure to ensure safe working practises could also lead to an employee suing for personal injury or in some cases the employer being prosecuted for corporate manslaughter. As well as this legal responsibility, the employer also has an implied responsibility to take reasonable steps as far as they are able to ensure the health and safety of their employees is not put at risk. So an employer might be found liable for his actions or failure to act even if these are not written in law. An
Jenny had an argument with her boyfriend, David, which resulted in David throwing Jenny down some steps. Jenny suffered a very badly broken leg that needed surgery. She also suffered cuts and bruises to her other leg.
Paper 3 The Facts Jenny had an argument with her boyfriend, David, which resulted in David throwing Jenny down some steps. Jenny suffered a very badly broken leg that needed surgery. She also suffered cuts and bruises to her other leg. Question (in 3 parts) (a) Briefly explain the legal requirement that actus reus and mens rea should be contemporaneous (occur together). (5 marks) Plan A brief explanation of actus reus - guilty act, omission, state of affairs, result crimes A brief explanation of mens rea - guilty mind, types of mens rea (intention, recklessness) The requirement that actus reus & mens rea must coincide A brief explanation of exceptions to actus reus & mens rea coinciding - crimes of strict liability Essay Most crimes (except strict liability) require the prosecution to prove both the actus reus (the guilty act) and the mens rea (the guilty mind) of the crime. What they are required to prove will be set out in the definition of the offence. There are four types of actus reus. The most usual is a positive voluntary act on the part of the defendant. Secondly in result crimes the criminal act by itself may not be enough - for example for a murder charge a death must have taken place. Unusually there may be a state of affairs crime such as occurred in R v Larsonneur or Winzar v Chief Constable of Kent where the defendant has little or no control
Sources of the English Legal System and the Relationship between Legislation and Judicial precedent.
FC012 T2258212Khanum, F. Introduction. The present legal system of England and Wales has expanded over many centuries and has also changed regularly during this period. Modern difficulties and needs have led to widespread changes in the court system they include the coordination of the legal profession and the process followed by the courts (Ward and Akhtar, 2008). The English law consists of eight sources that include the Interpretation of Statues, Act of Parliament, Judicial precedent, Treaties, Equity, Custom, European law, and Delegated legislation. However, this essay will be discussing three sources of law, they include: Judicial precedent, Statutory Interpretation and Legislation . This essay will also discuss the relationship between the legislation and judicial precedent and the rules of the statutory interpretation. Sources of English Legal System. Firstly, the judicial precedent is also known as case law, common law or judge-made law. The judicial precedent also known as case law originates from the decisions made by judges in the cases before them (Elliott and Quinn, 2011). In making a decision concerning a case, there are two basic steps. The first step is verifying the facts (what happened) and secondly, how the applies to those facts. There are three requirements needed for judicial precedent. They include; the court hierarchy, law reporting, and
Describe and evaluate the impact of the children's rights perspective on social policy for children and families in the UK.
Title: Describe and evaluate the impact of the children's rights perspective on social policy for children and families in the UK. The term 'rights' can be rather complex to define, with many different expressions associated with it. However narrowing this down to a specific aspect of rights; Human Rights, can be defined as special rights that belong to all people who are competent to exercise them. (Clarke, K et al, 1996). In order for this to be of value, and merely not just a statement, it must try and define the attributes of 'human rights'. As (Morrow, J. 1998) mentions a few characteristics, above all Human rights are inherent and universal not "given" by governments, or any superior authorities. Responsibility falls upon the government to respect, protect and fulfil these rights. Saying this, it means not abusing people's rights, preventing abuse by others and working to ensure that some rights, such as the right to health care and a healthy environment, are implemented gradually. In fact almost every country in the world has signed one or more treaties, promising to respect, protect and fulfil certain rights (Pascall, G, 1997). However some may question that if in reality these rights have been well acquainted for by the government or not. This leads to the objective for this assignment, is in effect to illustrate and evaluate specifically the rights of children
Outline many of the basic elements of law that relate to business and marketing.
Table of Contents Introduction 2 Section 1: Business Entities 3 Section 2: Codes of Practice/Standards 5 Section 3: Contract Law 6 Section 4: Consumer Law 7 Section 5: Intellectual Property Law 8 Section 6: Business Premises 9 Section 7: Occupational Health, Safety and Welfare (OHS&W) 10 Section 8: Insurance 11 Reference List 12 Introduction This research report will outline many of the basic elements of law that relate to business and marketing. I plan to develop a portfolio of information over the coming weeks, which I can then use as a reference for further study and research. The areas of law that I will focus on in this report include: * Business Entities * Codes of Practice/Standards * Contract Law * Consumer Law * Intellectual Property Law * Business Premises * Occupational Health, Safety and Welfare * Insurance The topics stated above have been identified by Tafe SA Business Services (2006) as being the 8 most relevant parts of law that relate to marketing companies (and employees of those companies). These main areas are where marketers are most likely to have legal obligations and encounter ramifications if laws are not followed correctly. This is extremely relevant to my chosen area of study and will serve as invaluable knowledge for my future career. This document contains information from many sources. These include: Tafe handouts,
European law
In order to explain and evaluate the role and jurisprudence of the European Court of Justice1 I shall discuss the provisions of the European Community2 Treaty, which clearly provide for individuals to enforce rights derived from European Community law that are limited in their scope. This will be followed by the role of ECJ and how it has developed a number of principles that widen this scope. These are the doctrines of supremacy and direct effect, which are established to give individuals rights to enforce the European Union3 law. On the other hand, criticising the fact that that it restricts individuals rights in respect of challenging their decision. The European Union is a unique partnership in which many countries work closely together for the benefit of their citizens. Currently there are 27 member states of the EU, who have agreed to work collectively on issues such as common interest. The central purpose for the EC is to achieve a deeper economic and political integration, ('The ever closer union'). The EU desires for individuals to rely on the EU law in order to enclose uniformity hence enabling everyone to integrate in a common market. The common market, aims to increase a balanced growth on an economic and social level in respect of each member state. ECJ is one of the official institutions of the Community Treaty and plays a major part in the development
THE STATE OF GLOBAL GOVERNANCE ON TERRORISM
The Evolution of Money in Canada Introduction The almost 150-year evolution of Canada's currency from its colonial origins to the contemporary stage is a challenging subject worthwhile in-depth investigation. This research paper chronologically outlines main historic dates and facts of a Canadian dollar development, including bartering, coinage, bank notes, and paper money. Colonial origins of exchange The first dollars used in Canada were Spanish dollars, eight reales coins issued by Spain and her colonies. Because the colonies used the £sd system for accounting, it was necessary to set a valuation or rating for the Spanish dollar in £sd. Different ratings were used in the different colonies (Wikipedia, Para. 1 Spanish Dollars). According to Adam Shortt, "the first regular system of exchange in Canada involving Europeans occurred in Tadoussac in the early seventeenth century. Here, French traders bartered each year with the Montagnais people (also known as the Innu), trading weapons, cloth, food, silver items, and tobacco for animal pelts, especially those of the beaver" (Powell 3). Interestingly, in 1608 the first colonial settlement at Quebec on the St. Lawrence River was founded by Samuel de Champlain. The beaver pelt was the main product of exchange in the infant colony, though wheat and moose skins were also legally tendered. Considering currency issue, French
I will look at different black theologies and different theories of justice, and attempt to compare them, concluding with which system of justice makes for an ordered flourishing community. Communitarian Theories of Justice
To what extent does black theology have a coherent understanding of justice? Introduction Essentially, the word "justice" is derived from the Latin word "ius," meaning right or law, and the Greek word "???????" meaning righteous or moral. Individualist theories assert that the good of the individual comes first, and the good of the community, second; communitarian theories assume the reverse. A compromise between these positions is usually sought. For Aristotle, justice is the intellectual virtue of prudence: the balancing of one's own interest with the rights of others. This provides us with the capacity to balance the rights of the individual with the responsibilities of the community. Indeed, Aristotle finds that all virtuous behaviour leads to one being ?????????and justice will follow on from such behaviour. One maintains society as one maintains oneself; for society to flourish, individuals must also flourish. This is clear when Aristotle expresses it in a proverb: "in justice is summed up the whole of virtue,"1 It is difficult to offer a qualitative assessment of the extent of how coherent an understanding North American black theology has of justice. Instead, it may be better to qualify the extent of justice comparatively. Alternatively, as both justice and black theology are ambiguous and can be defined differently, I will look at different black
It could be argued that the employment tribunal system is a breach of Article 6, which is demonstrated in Smith v Secretary for Trade and Industry3 and in Scanfuture UK ltd v Secretary for State for Trade4 which led to the procedures
The European Convention for Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms is more commonly known as 'the Convention' was introduced by the Council of Europe in 1950 and was then enforced in 1953. The reason for the Convention being introduced was to prevent events which occurred during the World War Two from occurring again. The aim of the Convention was to protect individuals' rights against infringements by the state. The Human Rights Act 1998 developed Convention rights into UK domestic law through a restricted basis, the Act came into force on 2nd October 2000. Human Rights Act is set to have an immense amount of protection for both private and public sector employees. It means individuals can ascertain their Convention rights against the state in a UK court and no longer have to go to Strasbourg. However if domestic legislation is unambiguous and can not be interpreted in accordance with Convention, the domestic statute takes precedence.1 It's unlawful for public authority to act in a way which is incompatible with Convention rights. There are situations were the court has decided that primary legislation is incompatible with Convention rights which then leads to a 'declaration of compatibility' being issued. An Employment Tribunal can not make a declaration of incompatibility, therefore employment cases have to wait until they have reached Court of
From your studies how far do you agree that Britain has been a tolerant nation? Everybody will interpret a situation in the past according to their own particular view or experience
Multicultural Britain Coursework Assignment Q2. "From a study of British history it is possible to question the widespread vision of Britain as a country characterised by a spirit of toleration." Colin Holmes, professor of History at the University of Sheffield. From your studies how far do you agree that Britain has been a tolerant nation? Everybody will interpret a situation in the past according to their own particular view or experience. Colin Holmes believes that Britain has not been particularly tolerant of all immigrants through time. He is a professor of history and has obviously studied the past in detail. This statement is unlikely to be biased as Holmes has knowledge of the past and has researched into both sides of the story. In this essay I will analyse events during the twentieth century to decide for myself how far I agree with Colin Holmes' interpretation. The first wave of immigration to Britain was of the Jews and came in 1880. Most of the 60,000 Jews living in Britain in 1880 had been born there. After 1880 the Anglo-Jewish community in Britain experienced an increase as large numbers of Jews were immigrating to Britain. Most of these Jews were from Russia. This is since the Russian government were "playing the Jewish card." This was using the Jews for political aims. For example, using them as scapegoats by blaming them when things went
