"Criticallyevaluate the Role of the Commissioner for Judicial Appointments."
"Critically evaluate the Role of the Commissioner for Judicial Appointments." The commission was set up originally after Sir Leonard Peach was ordered to provide a report into how the proceedings of appointments for the judiciary and the Queen's Counsel was made. The main aim of the report was to evaluate the procedures into how judicial and Queen's counsel appointments are made. In particular the effectiveness of the criteria given and the procedures for the selection of the best candidates, the safeguards against discrimination against race or gender and the way in which candidates are assessed with regards to the criteria. Lord Irvine the current Lord Chancellor before appointment into office had strongly criticised the so-called secretive and outdated system and had called for an independent appointments commission. Now that he has been appointed into his current position, the independent commission for judicial appointments set up does not actually appoints the judiciary but instead monitors the Lord Chancellor's team that does. In a damning report, it was found that the appointments system was said to be slow, unsystematic and unprofessional. It also found that a number of senior judges and leaders of the legal profession did not provide detailed reasons for their assessments, which was a requirement. It has been suggested the current system is still producing a white
"Analyse and compare the gains predicted by economic theory from theremoval of (a) tariff barriers (b) non-tariff barriers wi
"Analyse and compare the gains predicted by economic theory from the removal of (a) tariff barriers (b) non-tariff barriers within the Single European Market" Autumn Term: Vanessa Fry EC 329 Economics of the European Union 2004 By: Partthepan Shivacanthan BSc Economics In this essay I have been asked to analyse and compare the gains predicted by the economic theory from the removal of tariff barriers and non-tariff barriers within the Single European Market. In order to answer this question we must first have an understanding of the history and the purpose of the Single European Market and why measures such as tariff and non-tariff barriers play a major role when talking about trade. The creation of the European Union was seen as a major stepping stone towards creating a united "super power"; within which there was political harmony, economic stability and social co-operation between its member countries. The moves to complete the Single European Market (SEM) and the progress towards an economic union focused attention on the European Union; who was seen as a key player in the process of European integration. It all dates back to 1952, where the foundations were laid of a European Community when the Treaty of Paris created the European Coal and steel community (ECSC) whose objective was to withdraw the French and German basic industries from the national authority
"Critically Discuss the Prospective Economic and Political Impact of Turkish Accession to the European Union"
Coursework for EC0902A The Political Economy of the European Union Lecturer: Dr. Charles Maddison Title: "Critically Discuss the Prospective Economic and Political Impact of Turkish Accession to the European Union" Submitted by: Sonja Ambrosius Student No. 0404332 'Turkey is part of Europe.' (Walter Hallenstein, 1963) 'Is Turkey European?' (Claude Cheysson, 1984) Introduction These two quotes give a good start for an essay about the prospective political and economical effects of an accession of Turkey to the European Union (EU). In 1963 Turkey signed the European Association agreement, normally seen as a prelude to membership, as the second country ever. The Ankara agreement included three phases which would bring Turkey to full economic integration in the EU. Nowadays it seems like the process got stuck and some members of the EU, like the quote of the former French minister for foreign affairs shows, feel less attached to the thought of Turkey as a member of the EU then people did in 1963. Turkey has a customs Union with the EU and the status of an associate member since 1963. Turkey first applied to fully join the EU in 1987. The stumbling of the integration of Turkey found its peak in 1997 at the European Council Summit in Luxembourg where accession negotiations were opened to all applicants except Turkey. The Turkish reaction was not to participate in the
"European Community Law derives from a range of sources" - Describe, giving examples, the various sources of European Community Law.
Assignment on European Law (a) "European Community Law derives from a range of sources" Describe, giving examples, the various sources of European Community Law The European Community originated from treaties, which led to the development of three communes; the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Committee (Euratom). Treaties are the primary sources of the European Community Law. The Treaties are seen as the foundation of the European Communities, as it gives authority and imposes boundaries on the power of the institutions. These agreements enforce compulsory obligations on the member states and give particular regard to the superiority of such Treaties. In effect, the Treaties shape part of the national law for each of the member states, who are under duty to enact European Community legislation. After World War II, the Foreign Minister of France, Robert Schuman invited Germany and other member states, namely Belgium, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands and discussed the idea of congregating steel and coal resources. The main purpose of this agreement was to improve employment opportunities and raise standards of living in each member state. On the 18th of April 1951, the Treaty of Paris was signed, which led to the development of the European Coal and Steel Community. The European
The European parliament.
The European parliament A) Elected representatives are representatives who have been elected for their job. In some cases, a countries government could send an MP to a meeting in Europe but they would not have been elected to go, they would have selected. An elected representative will have been chosen by a vote either from a vote in a parliament or a public vote to go to the EU commission and represent their countries interests. The benefit of an elected representative would hopefully that they try to do more to please their countries although this can have the side effect that they will not support a ruling that will not please their voters and so this can make it hard to get anything done in the EU commission because everyone has their own agenda. Someone who was appointed might be able to work together with the other EU representatives and get things done much easier. B) The European parliament lacks power... Hmmm One of the major problems that I have already spoken on if the fact that since each country has a representative in the EU parliament they are all trying to represent their countries wants and views. This would be a big obstacle to any parliament but it is compounded by the fact that each member has a veto and so if any topic comes up which a member does not even slightly agree on, they can veto and the whole thing will be stopped. This is why it
Why did Britain join the EEC in 1973 and not in 1957?
Why did Britain join the EEC in 1973 and not in 1957? The EEC's description is as an economic customs union, in a supranational political structure. In 1951 the 'Six' first established their European unity by signing the Treaty of Paris, which was the beginning of the European Coal and Steel Community. The ECSC followed a Plan by French Foreign Minister Robert Schumen, which arranged the ECSC as the institution for the European coal and steel industries. The EEC was the result of talks started at Messina, then finalised when the Treaty of Rome was signed by the 'Six' in 1957. Britain was not present at the talks at Messina, or for the signing of the Treaty of Paris or the Treaty of Rome. This meant that Britain had not got involved in the EEC when it was established, meaning it would be harder to get involved later. A phrase applied to this lack of involvement from the start, is "missed the bus" into Europe. A conservative MP, Anthony Nutting, wrote in his book Europe Will Not Wait (1964) that he believed that by "missing the bus" Britain had been left far behind, loosing the chance to take a role of leadership in Europe, from there it could have moulded Europe to suit itself. Also he explained that if Britain had realised it would have had to join in the future anyway, there could have been more involvement in the talks in Messina, and the Rome Treaty, which would have meant
Should a country join the EU?
Should a country join the EU? Executive Summary The topics of European Union integration and the EURO are often discussed on TV and in the newspapers. People try to use different perspectives to analyse the advantages and disadvantages of joining the European Union. However, discussions tends to be biased, either pro European integration or eurosceptic. Both arguments for and against the European Union integration has been suggested to provide a fair, well balanced analysis. The main point from the result of my analysis suggests that European Union membership will be favourable for the economy, but it would be foolish to argue that it is bound to lead to a further reduction of unemployment or an increase in economic growth. Therefore the jury for the European Union integration is still out. Introduction This report will examine the background to the European Union, evaluate the benefits & costs, and examine the economic problem that European Union is likely to face in its future evolution, namely enlargement of the European Union to see whether a country should join the European Union, studying the situation via a neutral perspective. Background European Union (EU) is an integration of different European countries. An economist named Healey suggested that "... it helps to remove the boundaries which separate activities in one nation to another." The EU has grown
Assymetric shocks
Cologne, May 14, 2007 Graded writing assignment SS 2006 (European Economic Issues) "Adjustment to Asymmetric Shocks in the Eurozone countries" Teacher: Aad van Mourik COLOGNE BUSINESS SCHOOL (CBS) Hardefuststr. 1 50677 Köln Diana Mateo Nils Urban Adreas Schnepf WORDCOUNT: 3276 Words ETHICS STATEMENT: Herewith I (we) declare that I (we) have prepared the following work alone and without the use of materials other than those cited. SIGNATURES: Diana Mateo: ____________________ Nils Urban: ____________________ Andreas Schnepf: ____________________ Table of Contents A. Introduction 1 B. Main Part 2 I. Macroeconomic Shocks 2 . Temporary and permanent shocks 2 2. Country-specific and sector specific shocks 3 3. Real and financial shocks 3 4. Exogeneous and policy-induced shocks 3 II. Dealing with asymmetric shocks in the EMU 3 . Market oriented tools 4 2. Institutional mechanisms 7 C. Conclusion and argumentation 8 --> DIANA A. Introduction: Abstract: This paper will analyze how countries should deal with asymmetric shocks when they are hit by an asymmetric shock and which instruments of economic policy have to deal with these types of economic problems. Furthermore it will supply the reader with a brief information on the EMU and its history together with basic information concerning the "taxonomy of shocks". The Conclusion will touch
How has the process of EU economic integration affected the car industry??
How has the process of EU economic integration affected the car industry?? The process of EU economic integration has affected the car industry in many ways. One of the major ways it has is through certain trading agreements that developed in the EU such as the free trade area where tariffs were removed between signatories to encourage free trade in goods also tariff and quota barriers removed and also non-tariff barriers e.g., import export documentation standardised or removed as well. Due to these factors it has enabled car industries to move around in Europe more freely which has led to car industries increasingly concentrating more in central and eastern Europe where factors of production are cheaper. The benefits for car industries to set up specifically in EU countries which are based in central and eastern Europe is that the cheaper factors of production leads to fall in prices and greater demand for cars, this increase in demand which then leads to increased output and better resource exploitation and therefore increases economies of scale and global competition and hence increased profits for the car industry. An example of where car manufacturers have exploited these harmonised rules made by the EU are Skoda who are producing cars in Czech Republic and Fiat who produce their cars in Italy and Poland. Another way in which the EU economic integration has
Will examine the effects membership of the European Union or EU has had on the British Constitution and Parliamentary Sovereignty and also the effect membership has had on policies and how the views of the two main political parties have changed
In my essay I will examine the effects membership of the European Union or EU has had on the British Constitution and Parliamentary Sovereignty and also the effect membership has had on policies and how the views of the two main political parties have changed since its inception. The EU was set up as a consequence of the Second World War to establish co-operation and unity throughout Europe. The idea being that if the countries of Europe were more closely integrated, with a mutual dependence on each other, then the threat of war erupting would somehow lessen. Britain joined the EU in 1973. Perhaps the least obvious change membership of the EU has seen is that of the British Constitution. The Constitution is viewed as being flexible. It's unwritten and can be altered as and when required. It sets out a system of government that is unitary and where Parliament is sovereign or supreme to all other governmental institutions. For us to decide whether Parliamentary Sovereignty has been lost since joining the EU, if it indeed ever existed, we must first define what it is. Parliamentary Sovereignty can be divided into three parts:- . Parliament can make or unmake any law but only if it does not conflict with EU Regulations or Directives. In certain areas EU law does take priority over UK law. However, when Qualified Majority Voting1 (QMV) is expanded into areas that
